Abstract Two reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography analytical methods (Method I and Method II) for determination of assay of recombinant human thrombin in pharmaceutical formulations were developed and validated. Analysis was performed on chromatographic system Agilent 1200 series SL with diode array detection and mass selective detection. Method I was intended for faster determination of thrombin assay. Gradient programme was optimised to achieve sufficient separation and acceptable runtime. Chromatographic analysis was performed on analytical column Grace Vydac, C4 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 mm. Method II is Method I adapted to use the mass selective detector. Chromatographic separation was performed on analytical column Zorbax 300SB-C8 SolvSaver Plus, 150 × 3 mm, 3.5 mm. Both analytical methods were validated with respect to specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy. The response of thrombin was a linear function of concentration over the range 0.1-1.0 mg/ml. Precision and accuracy of thrombin was evaluated at three concentration levels low (0.2 mg/ml), medium (0.4 mg/ml) and high (0.8 mg/ml). Both validated methods have been successfully applied for determination of assay and thrombin degradation products in pharmaceutical formulations. Slovak abstract Na stanovenie obsahu rekombinantneho ľudskeho trombinu boli vyvinute a validovane dve analyticke metody (Metoda I a Metoda II). Analyzy boli uskutočnene na chromatografickom systeme Agilent 1200 series SL s DAD a MS detektorom. Metoda I je určena pre rychlejšiu analyzu obsahu trombinu. Pre dosiahnutie lepšej separacie a prijateľneho času analyzy bol optimalizovany gradientovy program. Chromatograficka separacia sa uskutočnila na analytickej kolone Grace Vydac, C4 250x4.6mm, 5mm. Metoda II bola odvodena od Metody I tak aby bola použiteľna v kombinacii s hmotnostnym detektorom. Chromatograficka separacia sa uskutočnila na analytickej kolone Zorbax 300SB-C8 Solv Saver Plus, 150x3mm, 3.5mm. U oboch metod boli validovane nasledujuce parametre: špecificita, linearita, presnosť a spravnosť. Odozva trombinu bola linearnou funkciou koncentracie v rozsahu od 0,1 do 1,0 mg/ml. Presnosť a spravnosť trombinu bola hodnotena pri troch koncentračnych hladinach: nizkej (0,2 mg/ml), strednej (0,4 mg/ml) a vysokej (0,8 mg/ml). Robustne validovane metody boli uspešne použite pri stanoveni obsahu a čistoty trombinu počas formulačneho vyvoja liekovej formy.
建立了两种反相高效液相色谱法(方法一和方法二)测定复方中重组人凝血酶含量的方法，并进行了验证。分析采用安捷伦1200系列SL色谱系统，采用二极管阵列检测和质量选择检测。方法一为快速测定凝血酶含量而设计。对梯度程序进行了优化，以达到充分的分离和可接受的运行时间。色谱柱为Grace Vydac, C4 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 mm。方法二是方法一适用于质量选择检测器。色谱柱为Zorbax 300SB-C8 SolvSaver Plus, 150 × 3 mm, 3.5 mm。验证了两种分析方法的特异性、线性度、精密度和准确度。在0.1 ~ 1.0 mg/ml范围内，凝血酶的反应与浓度呈线性关系。在低(0.2 mg/ml)、中(0.4 mg/ml)和高(0.8 mg/ml)三个浓度水平下评价凝血酶的精密度和准确度。两种验证的方法已成功地应用于测定制剂中的化验和凝血酶降解产物。斯洛伐克摘要Na stanovenie obsahu rekombinantneho ľudskeho trombinu boli vyvinte是一种有效的分析方法(Metoda I和Metoda II)。分析boli使用的是 nene Na色谱分析系统Agilent 1200系列SL - DAD和MS检测器。方法1 [j] [j] [j] [j] [e] [rychlejšiu]。Pre - dose - hnuuinlepšej separation and prijateľneho - asu analysis bol optimization of ovany graditovy program。色谱分离技术应用于 nila - na分析关键字kolone Grace Vydac, C4 250x4.6mm, 5mm。Metoda II流星锤odvodena od Metody我德赎流星锤použ尽管ľna v kombinacii年代hmotnostnym detektorom。色谱分离技术应用于 nila na分析技术，kolone Zorbax 300SB-C8 Solv Saver Plus, 150x3mm, 3.5mm。这两种方法均有效地验证了鼻窦炎参数:špecificita、linearita、presnosva、spravnosva。Odozva - trobbinu曲线线性，现测定其浓度为0、1、1、0 mg/ml。presnosova spravnosovtrombinu bola hodnotena prtroch koncentra: nizkej (0.2 mg/ml)， strednej (0.4 mg/ml)和vysokej (0.8 mg/ml)。稳健有效的方法boli uspešne použite pri stanoveni obsahu和历史上从配方中提取的蛋白质 [j] [j]。
{"title":"Comparison of two RP-HPLC methods for determination of recombinant human thrombin in pharmaceutical formulations. / Porovnanie dvoch RP-HPLC metód pre stanovenie rekombinantného ľudského trombínu vo farmaceutických formuláciách","authors":"P. Bartos, A. Murányi, M. Šnauko","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Two reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography analytical methods (Method I and Method II) for determination of assay of recombinant human thrombin in pharmaceutical formulations were developed and validated. Analysis was performed on chromatographic system Agilent 1200 series SL with diode array detection and mass selective detection. Method I was intended for faster determination of thrombin assay. Gradient programme was optimised to achieve sufficient separation and acceptable runtime. Chromatographic analysis was performed on analytical column Grace Vydac, C4 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 mm. Method II is Method I adapted to use the mass selective detector. Chromatographic separation was performed on analytical column Zorbax 300SB-C8 SolvSaver Plus, 150 × 3 mm, 3.5 mm. Both analytical methods were validated with respect to specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy. The response of thrombin was a linear function of concentration over the range 0.1-1.0 mg/ml. Precision and accuracy of thrombin was evaluated at three concentration levels low (0.2 mg/ml), medium (0.4 mg/ml) and high (0.8 mg/ml). Both validated methods have been successfully applied for determination of assay and thrombin degradation products in pharmaceutical formulations. Slovak abstract Na stanovenie obsahu rekombinantneho ľudskeho trombinu boli vyvinute a validovane dve analyticke metody (Metoda I a Metoda II). Analyzy boli uskutočnene na chromatografickom systeme Agilent 1200 series SL s DAD a MS detektorom. Metoda I je určena pre rychlejšiu analyzu obsahu trombinu. Pre dosiahnutie lepšej separacie a prijateľneho času analyzy bol optimalizovany gradientovy program. Chromatograficka separacia sa uskutočnila na analytickej kolone Grace Vydac, C4 250x4.6mm, 5mm. Metoda II bola odvodena od Metody I tak aby bola použiteľna v kombinacii s hmotnostnym detektorom. Chromatograficka separacia sa uskutočnila na analytickej kolone Zorbax 300SB-C8 Solv Saver Plus, 150x3mm, 3.5mm. U oboch metod boli validovane nasledujuce parametre: špecificita, linearita, presnosť a spravnosť. Odozva trombinu bola linearnou funkciou koncentracie v rozsahu od 0,1 do 1,0 mg/ml. Presnosť a spravnosť trombinu bola hodnotena pri troch koncentračnych hladinach: nizkej (0,2 mg/ml), strednej (0,4 mg/ml) a vysokej (0,8 mg/ml). Robustne validovane metody boli uspešne použite pri stanoveni obsahu a čistoty trombinu počas formulačneho vyvoja liekovej formy.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"193 1","pages":"31 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85373963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Leaves of selected species of the Cornaceae family (Swida alba, Swida australis, Swida controversa, Swida coreana, Swida baileyi, Cornus kousa, Cornus mas) were investigated in this study. These shrubs or small trees with hard wood are cultivated in Slovakia (Tesarske Mlyňany Arboretum). Some species (C. mas and C. kousa) have edible fruits. Cornels find broad ethnopharmacological use, for example, in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), where fruits of C. officinalis are used for the treatment of several disorders, such as organ hypersecretion or diabetes. They are also used as tonics and for astringent effects. Leaves and fruits of C. kousa have been reported to possess antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties. The aim of our study is to compare the content of selected secondary metabolites groups in the leaves of above-mentioned species. The plant material was collected in the Tesarske Mlyňany Arboretum, Slovakia, in September 2010. Modified spectrophotometric methods of the European Pharmacopoeia, 8th edition (Ph. Eur. 8) were used for all assays. Results show that the total hydroxycinnamic derivatives (THD) content varied from 1.14 (S. alba) to 2.86% (S. coreana) when expressed as rosmarinic acid, and from 1.01 (S. alba) to 2.55% (S. coreana) when expressed as caffeic acid. The flavonoids content ranged from 0.21 (C. mas) to 1.37% (S. coreana), total polyphenols content from 9.6 (C. kousa) to 7.27% (S. coreana), and tannins content from 7.17 (C. kousa) to 4.04% (S. coreana). Leaves of Korean dogwood (S. coreana) were observed to show the highest content of THD expressed as rosmarinic acid (2.86%) and caffeic acid (2.55%), as well as of flavonoids (1.37%). Kousa dogwood (C. kousa) contained the highest amounts of tannins (7.17%) and total polyphenols (9.6%) on the other hand. Slovak abstract Predmetom našho zaujmu boli listy vybranych druhov čeľade Cornaceae (Swida alba, Swida australis, Swida controversa, Swida coreana, Swida baileyi, Cornus kousa, Cornus mas). Su pestovane na Slovensku (Arboretum Tesarske Mlyňany) a su to kry alebo menšie stromy vyznačujuce sa tvrdym drevom. Niektore druhy (C. mas a C. kousa) maju jedle plody. Etnofarmakologicke využitie drieňov a svibov je široke, napr. Tradična činska medicina (TCM) použiva plody C. officinalis na liečbu organovej hypersekrecie alebo diabetu. Využivaju sa aj pre svoje tonizačne a adstringentne učinky. Listy a plody C. kousa su doležite najma pre svoju antioxidačnu, protizapalovu a antidiabeticku aktivitu. Cieľom našej študie bolo porovnať obsah vybranych skupin sekundarnych metabolitov v listoch uvedenych druhov. Rastlinny material bol zbierany v arborete Tesarske Mlyňany na Slovensku v septembri 2010. Všetky stanovenia sa uskutočnili pomocou modifikovanych liekopisnych metod podľa Ph. Eur. 8. Vysledky ukazuju, že vo všeobecnosti obsah THD (celkove hydroxyškoricove derivaty) kolisal od 1,14 % (S. alba) do 2,86 % (S. coreana) pre kyselinu rozmarinovu a 1,01 % (S
摘要对玉米科植物(白角角、南角角、角角角、角角角、白角角、角角、角角)的叶片进行了研究。这些灌木或有硬木的小树在斯洛伐克种植(Tesarske Mlyňany Arboretum)。一些品种(C. mas和C. kousa)有可食用的果实。山茱萸有广泛的民族药理学用途，例如，在传统中医(TCM)中，山茱萸的果实被用于治疗几种疾病，如器官分泌过多或糖尿病。它们也被用作滋补品和收敛效果。据报道，库萨的叶子和果实具有抗氧化、抗炎和抗糖尿病的特性。本研究的目的是比较上述几种植物叶片中选定的次生代谢物群的含量。植物材料于2010年9月在斯洛伐克的Tesarske Mlyňany Arboretum收集。所有测定均采用欧洲药典第8版(Ph. Eur. 8)修改的分光光度法。结果表明，以迷迭香酸表达时，总羟基肉桂衍生物(THD)含量在1.14% ~ 2.86%之间，以咖啡酸表达时，THD含量在1.01 ~ 2.55%之间。黄酮类化合物含量为0.21 ~ 1.37%，总多酚含量为9.6 ~ 7.27%，单宁含量为7.17 ~ 4.04%。其中，以迷迭香酸(2.86%)、咖啡酸(2.55%)和黄酮类化合物(1.37%)的含量最高的是山茱萸叶。山茱萸(C. Kousa)单宁含量最高(7.17%)，总多酚含量最高(9.6%)。斯洛伐克文摘要Predmetom našho zaujmu boli listy vybranych druhov čeľade玉米科(瑞典玉米、澳大利亚玉米、瑞典玉米、巴西玉米、巴西玉米、巴西玉米、巴西玉米)。Su pesovane na Slovensku (Arboretum Tesarske Mlyňany)， Su to kry alebo menšie stromy vyzna ujuce sa tvrdym dream。尼克托尔·德鲁希(C.马斯和C.库萨)是一种掷骰子的旋律。Etnofarmakologicke využitie drieňov a sviboje široke, napr。传统奈米(中医)použiva plody C. officinalis na lie，但器官高硒性白斑糖尿病。Využivaju sa aj pre svoje toniza ne a adstringentne u inky。列举一首曲谱C. kousa su doležite najma pre svoju抗氧化a， protizapalovu和抗糖尿病活性。Cieľom našej študie bolo porovnabov obsah vybranych skupin sekundarnych metabolitov vlistech uvedenych druhov。Rastlinny material bol zbierany v arborete Tesarske Mlyňany, na Slovensku, september bri 2010。Všetky stanovenia sa uskuto nili pomocou modifikovanych liekopisnych方法podľa Ph. 8。Vysledky ukazuju， že vo všeobecnosti obsah THD (celkove hydroxyškoricove衍生物)kolisal od 1,14% (S. alba)做2,86% (S. coreana)预kyselinu rozmarinovu, 1,01% (S. alba)做2,55% (S. coreana)预kyselinu kavovu。黄芪黄酮含量为0.21%(黄芪)、1,37%(黄芪)、9,6%(黄芪)、7,27%(黄芪)、7,17%(黄芪)、4,04%(黄芪)。Najvyššie množstvo THD vyjadrenych ako kyselina rozmarinova (2,86%) a kyselina kavova (2,55%)， ako aj flavonoids (1,37%) obsahuju list S. coreana。C. kousa na druhej strane obsahuje najvačšie množtvo trieslovin (7.17%) a celkovych polyfenolov(9.6%)。
{"title":"Quantification of some secondary metabolites in selected Cornaceae species / Stanovenie vybraných sekundárnych metabolitov v niektorých druhoch čeľade Cornaceae","authors":"V. Forman, M. Haladová, D. Grančai","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Leaves of selected species of the Cornaceae family (Swida alba, Swida australis, Swida controversa, Swida coreana, Swida baileyi, Cornus kousa, Cornus mas) were investigated in this study. These shrubs or small trees with hard wood are cultivated in Slovakia (Tesarske Mlyňany Arboretum). Some species (C. mas and C. kousa) have edible fruits. Cornels find broad ethnopharmacological use, for example, in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), where fruits of C. officinalis are used for the treatment of several disorders, such as organ hypersecretion or diabetes. They are also used as tonics and for astringent effects. Leaves and fruits of C. kousa have been reported to possess antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties. The aim of our study is to compare the content of selected secondary metabolites groups in the leaves of above-mentioned species. The plant material was collected in the Tesarske Mlyňany Arboretum, Slovakia, in September 2010. Modified spectrophotometric methods of the European Pharmacopoeia, 8th edition (Ph. Eur. 8) were used for all assays. Results show that the total hydroxycinnamic derivatives (THD) content varied from 1.14 (S. alba) to 2.86% (S. coreana) when expressed as rosmarinic acid, and from 1.01 (S. alba) to 2.55% (S. coreana) when expressed as caffeic acid. The flavonoids content ranged from 0.21 (C. mas) to 1.37% (S. coreana), total polyphenols content from 9.6 (C. kousa) to 7.27% (S. coreana), and tannins content from 7.17 (C. kousa) to 4.04% (S. coreana). Leaves of Korean dogwood (S. coreana) were observed to show the highest content of THD expressed as rosmarinic acid (2.86%) and caffeic acid (2.55%), as well as of flavonoids (1.37%). Kousa dogwood (C. kousa) contained the highest amounts of tannins (7.17%) and total polyphenols (9.6%) on the other hand. Slovak abstract Predmetom našho zaujmu boli listy vybranych druhov čeľade Cornaceae (Swida alba, Swida australis, Swida controversa, Swida coreana, Swida baileyi, Cornus kousa, Cornus mas). Su pestovane na Slovensku (Arboretum Tesarske Mlyňany) a su to kry alebo menšie stromy vyznačujuce sa tvrdym drevom. Niektore druhy (C. mas a C. kousa) maju jedle plody. Etnofarmakologicke využitie drieňov a svibov je široke, napr. Tradična činska medicina (TCM) použiva plody C. officinalis na liečbu organovej hypersekrecie alebo diabetu. Využivaju sa aj pre svoje tonizačne a adstringentne učinky. Listy a plody C. kousa su doležite najma pre svoju antioxidačnu, protizapalovu a antidiabeticku aktivitu. Cieľom našej študie bolo porovnať obsah vybranych skupin sekundarnych metabolitov v listoch uvedenych druhov. Rastlinny material bol zbierany v arborete Tesarske Mlyňany na Slovensku v septembri 2010. Všetky stanovenia sa uskutočnili pomocou modifikovanych liekopisnych metod podľa Ph. Eur. 8. Vysledky ukazuju, že vo všeobecnosti obsah THD (celkove hydroxyškoricove derivaty) kolisal od 1,14 % (S. alba) do 2,86 % (S. coreana) pre kyselinu rozmarinovu a 1,01 % (S","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"6 1","pages":"11 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89450729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Nineteen derivatives of coumarin were tested on the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. It was found that antioxidant activity exhibits only such coumarins that contain hydroxyl groups. The derivatives without hydroxyl group showed very low antioxidant effectiveness or they were ineffective. On the other hand, the greatest antioxidant effectiveness was exhibited by coumarin derivatives that contained hydroxyl groups in 6 or 8 position, whereas the effectiveness of derivatives with one hydroxyl group in 4, 5 or 7 position was very low. Based on scavenging of the above-mentioned radicals, it was found that the most effective scavengers were 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (i.e. compound that contains two hydroxyl groups in 7 and 8 positions), (7,8-dihydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)acetic acid (this compound contains in addition to two hydroxyl groups in 7 and 8 positions also one hydroxyl group in the acidic residue), esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) and 6,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin. Slovak abstract Otestovali sme devatnasť derivatov kumarinu, na vychytavanie DPPH, hydroxylovych, a superoxidovych anionovych radikalov. Ich antioxidačna učinnosť bola zavisla od počtu a lokalizacie hydroxylovych skupin. Derivaty, ktore nemali žiadnu hydroxylovu skupinu boli veľmi slabo učinne, alebo vobec neučinne. Najučinnejšie vychytavače radikalov boli tie derivaty kumarinu, ktore obsahovali hydoxylove skupiny v polohe 6 alebo 8. Na druhej strane derivaty, ktore mali iba jednu hydroxylovu skupinu v polohe 4, 5 alebo 7 boli veľmi slabo učinne. Najučinnejšie vychytavače vyššie spominanych radikalov boli 7,8-dihydroxy-4-metylkumarin (zlučenina, ktora obsahuje 2 hydroxylove skupiny na benzenovom jadre v polohe 7 a 8), 7,8-dihydroxykumarin-4-yl-octova kyselina (obsahuje okrem 2 hydroxylovych skupin na benzenovom jadre ma aj OH skupinu v kyselinovom zvyšku, eskuletin (6,7-dihydroxykumarin) a 6,7-dihydroxy-4-metylkumarin.
摘要:研究了19种香豆素衍生物对2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼基、羟基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用。研究发现，只有含有羟基的香豆素才具有抗氧化活性。无羟基衍生物的抗氧化效果极低或无效。另一方面，香豆素衍生物的抗氧化效果最好的是羟基在6位或8位的衍生物，而羟基在4位、5位或7位的衍生物的抗氧化效果很低。通过对上述自由基的清除，发现最有效的清除剂是7,8-二羟基-4-甲基香豆素(即在7和8位含有两个羟基的化合物)，(7,8-二羟基-2-氧- 2h -铬-4-基)乙酸(该化合物除了在7和8位含有两个羟基外，还在酸性残留物中含有一个羟基)，esculetin(6,7-二羟基香豆素)和6,7-二羟基-4-甲基香豆素。斯洛伐克文摘要ovali sme devatnasov deriatov kumarinu, na vychytavanie DPPH，羟基性，超氧化性，阴离子性，radikalov。富含抗氧化剂 na u，可用于枸杞、枸杞、枸杞、枸杞、枸杞和枸杞。衍生，ktore nemali žiadnu hydroxylovu skupinu boli veľmi slabo u inne, albo vobec neuinne。Najučinnejšie vychytava e radikalov boli衍生物kumarinu, ktore obsahovali羟基- skupiny v polohe 6 alebo 8。Na druhej烷衍生物，ktore mali iba jednu hydroxylovu skupinu v polohe 4,5 alebo 7 boli veľmi slabo u inne。Najučinnejšie vychytava e vyššie spoominanych radikalov boli 7,8-二羟基-4-甲基库马林(zluenina, ktora obsahuje 2 hydroxylove skupin na benzenovom jadre ma aj OH skupinu v kyselinovom zvyšku, eskuletin(6,7-二羟基库马林)a 6,7-二羟基-4-甲基库马林(zluenina, ktora obsahuje okrem 2 hydroxyskupin na benzenovom jadre ma aj OH skupinu v kyselinovom)。
{"title":"Antioxidant activity of some coumarins / Antioxidačná activita niektorých kumarínov","authors":"F. Sersen, M. Lacová","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nineteen derivatives of coumarin were tested on the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. It was found that antioxidant activity exhibits only such coumarins that contain hydroxyl groups. The derivatives without hydroxyl group showed very low antioxidant effectiveness or they were ineffective. On the other hand, the greatest antioxidant effectiveness was exhibited by coumarin derivatives that contained hydroxyl groups in 6 or 8 position, whereas the effectiveness of derivatives with one hydroxyl group in 4, 5 or 7 position was very low. Based on scavenging of the above-mentioned radicals, it was found that the most effective scavengers were 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (i.e. compound that contains two hydroxyl groups in 7 and 8 positions), (7,8-dihydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)acetic acid (this compound contains in addition to two hydroxyl groups in 7 and 8 positions also one hydroxyl group in the acidic residue), esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) and 6,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin. Slovak abstract Otestovali sme devatnasť derivatov kumarinu, na vychytavanie DPPH, hydroxylovych, a superoxidovych anionovych radikalov. Ich antioxidačna učinnosť bola zavisla od počtu a lokalizacie hydroxylovych skupin. Derivaty, ktore nemali žiadnu hydroxylovu skupinu boli veľmi slabo učinne, alebo vobec neučinne. Najučinnejšie vychytavače radikalov boli tie derivaty kumarinu, ktore obsahovali hydoxylove skupiny v polohe 6 alebo 8. Na druhej strane derivaty, ktore mali iba jednu hydroxylovu skupinu v polohe 4, 5 alebo 7 boli veľmi slabo učinne. Najučinnejšie vychytavače vyššie spominanych radikalov boli 7,8-dihydroxy-4-metylkumarin (zlučenina, ktora obsahuje 2 hydroxylove skupiny na benzenovom jadre v polohe 7 a 8), 7,8-dihydroxykumarin-4-yl-octova kyselina (obsahuje okrem 2 hydroxylovych skupin na benzenovom jadre ma aj OH skupinu v kyselinovom zvyšku, eskuletin (6,7-dihydroxykumarin) a 6,7-dihydroxy-4-metylkumarin.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"579 1","pages":"41 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76782122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Muráriková, K. Kaffková, S. Raab, J. Neugebauerová
Abstract In this study, total phenolic content (TPC) and rosmarinic acid (RA) of 37 samples sage (Salvia L.) of extracts were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The amount of total phenols was analysed with Folin-Ciocalteu reagents. Gallic acid was used as a standard compound and the total phenols were expressed as mg.g−1 gallic acid equivalents of dried plant material. The values of the extracts displayed substantial differences. All of the investigated species except Salvia jurisicii (990.79 mg GAE. g−1 d.w.) exhibited higher content of phenolics. Among the studies, species demonstrated the highest content of phenol, followed in sequence by Salvia tomentosa, Salvia fruticosa, Salvia triloba, Salvia officinalis ‘Extrakta’, Salvia officinalis. TPC varied from 990.79 to 4459.88 mg GAE. g−1 d.w. in the extracts. The total amount of RA was between 0.88 and 8.04% among species. Salvia tomentosa, Salvia verticillata and Salvia officinalis ‘Extrakta’ had the highest content of RA. The high content of phenolic compounds indicated that these compounds contribute to the antioxidant activity. Slovak abstract V štúdii na celkový obsah fenolových látok a kyseliny rozmarínovej bolo hodnotených 37 vzoriek šalvie (Salvia L.) z metanolových extraktov stanovených spektrofotometricky. Množstvo celkových fenolov bolo analyzované s pomocou Folin Ciocalteuového skúmadla. Ako štandard bola použitá kyselina galová a celkové fenoly boli vyjadrené ako mg.100 g-1 kyseliny galovej v sušine. Boli zobrazené podstatné rozdiely hodnotených extraktov. Všetky skúmané druhy okrem Salvia jurisici (990,79 mg GAE.100 g-1) vykazovali vyšší obsah fenolových látok. Najvyšší obsah fenolov vykazovali v poradí Salvia tomentosa, Salvia fruticosa, Salvia triloba, Salvia officinalis ‘Extrakta’ a Salvia officinalis. Celkový obsah fenolových látok sa pohyboval v rozmedzí od 990,79 do 4459,88 mg GAE.100 g-1. Celkové množstvo kyseliny rozmarínovej bolo v rozpätí 0,88 až 8,04 %. Druhy Salvia tomentosa, Salvia verticilla a Salvia officinalis ‘Extrakta’ mali najvyšší obsah kyseliny rozmarínovej. Vysoký obsah fenolových zlúčenín indikuje, že tieto zlúčeniny prispievajú k antioxidačnej kapacite.
摘要采用分光光度法测定了鼠尾草(Salvia L.)提取物37份样品的总酚含量(TPC)和迷迭香酸(RA)。用Folin-Ciocalteu试剂测定总酚的含量。以没食子酸为标准化合物，总酚以mg表示。G−1没食子酸当量的干燥植物材料。提取物的价值表现出实质性的差异。除鼠尾草(990.79 mg GAE)外，所有被调查物种均含有。G−1 d.w.)的酚类物质含量较高。其中，酚含量最高的品种依次为毛毛鼠尾草、鼠尾草、三叶鼠尾草、鼠尾草、鼠尾草。TPC变化范围为990.79 ~ 4459.88 mg GAE。提取物中G−1 d.w.。总RA含量在0.88 ~ 8.04%之间。毛毛鼠尾草、鼠尾草和鼠尾草的RA含量最高。酚类化合物的高含量表明这些化合物有助于抗氧化活性。斯洛伐克文摘要V štúdii na celkový obsah fenolových látok a kyseliny rozmarínovej bolo hodnotených 37 vzoriek šalvie(鼠尾草)z metanolových extraktov stanovených分光光度法。Množstvo celkových fenolov bolo analyzovan s pomocou Folin ciocalteuov skúmadla。Ako štandard bola použitá kyselina galov a celkov fenoly boli vyjadrenaline Ako mg。100g -1 kyseliny galovej v sušine。Boli zobrazenen podstatnastrozdiely hodnotených extraktov。Všetky skúmané druhy okrem鼠尾草(990,79 mg gae . 100g -1) vykazovali vyšší obsah fenolových látok。Najvyšší obsah fenolov vykazovali v poradí毛鼠尾草，鼠尾草，三叶鼠尾草，鼠尾草' Extrakta ' a鼠尾草。Celkový obsah fenolových látok sa pohyboval v rozmedzí od 990,79 do 4459,88 mg GAE.100 g-1。celkov množstvo kyseliny rozmarínovej bolo v rozpätí 0,88 azov 8,04%。毛毛鼠尾草，鼠尾草和鼠尾草' Extrakta ' mali najvyšší obsah kyseliny rozmarínovej。Vysoký obsah fenolových zlúčenín indikuje， že tieto zlúčeniny prispievajú k抗氧化 nej kapacite。
{"title":"Evaluation of content of phenolics in Salvia species cultivated in South Moravian Region / Hodnotenie obsahu fenolov vo vybraných druhoch rodu Salvia L. pestovaných v Juhomoravskom kraji","authors":"A. Muráriková, K. Kaffková, S. Raab, J. Neugebauerová","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, total phenolic content (TPC) and rosmarinic acid (RA) of 37 samples sage (Salvia L.) of extracts were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The amount of total phenols was analysed with Folin-Ciocalteu reagents. Gallic acid was used as a standard compound and the total phenols were expressed as mg.g−1 gallic acid equivalents of dried plant material. The values of the extracts displayed substantial differences. All of the investigated species except Salvia jurisicii (990.79 mg GAE. g−1 d.w.) exhibited higher content of phenolics. Among the studies, species demonstrated the highest content of phenol, followed in sequence by Salvia tomentosa, Salvia fruticosa, Salvia triloba, Salvia officinalis ‘Extrakta’, Salvia officinalis. TPC varied from 990.79 to 4459.88 mg GAE. g−1 d.w. in the extracts. The total amount of RA was between 0.88 and 8.04% among species. Salvia tomentosa, Salvia verticillata and Salvia officinalis ‘Extrakta’ had the highest content of RA. The high content of phenolic compounds indicated that these compounds contribute to the antioxidant activity. Slovak abstract V štúdii na celkový obsah fenolových látok a kyseliny rozmarínovej bolo hodnotených 37 vzoriek šalvie (Salvia L.) z metanolových extraktov stanovených spektrofotometricky. Množstvo celkových fenolov bolo analyzované s pomocou Folin Ciocalteuového skúmadla. Ako štandard bola použitá kyselina galová a celkové fenoly boli vyjadrené ako mg.100 g-1 kyseliny galovej v sušine. Boli zobrazené podstatné rozdiely hodnotených extraktov. Všetky skúmané druhy okrem Salvia jurisici (990,79 mg GAE.100 g-1) vykazovali vyšší obsah fenolových látok. Najvyšší obsah fenolov vykazovali v poradí Salvia tomentosa, Salvia fruticosa, Salvia triloba, Salvia officinalis ‘Extrakta’ a Salvia officinalis. Celkový obsah fenolových látok sa pohyboval v rozmedzí od 990,79 do 4459,88 mg GAE.100 g-1. Celkové množstvo kyseliny rozmarínovej bolo v rozpätí 0,88 až 8,04 %. Druhy Salvia tomentosa, Salvia verticilla a Salvia officinalis ‘Extrakta’ mali najvyšší obsah kyseliny rozmarínovej. Vysoký obsah fenolových zlúčenín indikuje, že tieto zlúčeniny prispievajú k antioxidačnej kapacite.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"6 1","pages":"18 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78234379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Salvia L. is multipurpose aromatic plant, used in a wide range of industries, including pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food and above all, in ornamental gardening. The aim of this study is evaluation of essential oil content of ornamental Salvia L. species cultivated in experimental field of Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice during two periods 2002-2004 and 2009- 2012. Variability of essential oil yield of 42 different taxa was monitored for 9 years. Essential oil content was determined via steam distillation, expressed as ml/kg. The lowest content for the entire period showed sample S. przewalskii, in year 2010 (content 0.02 ml/kg) and the highest content for the entire period showed sample S. officinalis ‘Extracta’, in year 2004 (22.90 ml/kg). The results of evaluation of essential oil content in Salvia L. are consistent with data in the literature comparing the case of subspecies and varieties of Salvia officinalis L. The average content of essential oil ranges from 6.51 to 19.20 ml/kg. Slovak abstract Salvia L. je aromatická rostlina, používaná v řadě průmyslových odvětví, včetně farmaceutického, kosmetického, potravinářského a je významná také v okrasném zahradnictví. Cílem této práce je zhodnocení obsahu silice v okrasných taxonech rodu Salvia L., které byly pěstovány na experimentálních plochách Zahradnické fakulty Mendelovy univerzity v Brně, v letech 2002-2004 a 2009-2012. Proměnlivost obsahu silice čtyřiceti dvou různých taxonů byly sledovány po dobu devíti let. Obsah silice byl stanoven pomocí destilace s vodní parou a vyjádřený v ml/kg. Nejnižší obsah byl, za celé období, shledán ve vzorku S. przewalskii, v roce 2010 (0,02 ml/kg) a nejvyšší obsah ve vzorku S. officinalis ‚Extrakta‘, v roce 2004 (22,90 ml/kg). Výsledky hodnocení obsahu silice v rodu Salvia L. jsou v souladu s údaji uvedenými v literatuře, v případě porovnání poddruhů a odrůd Salvia officinalis L. Průměrný obsah silice se pohybuje v rozmezí 6,51-19,20 ml/kg.
摘要鼠尾草是一种多用途的芳香植物，广泛应用于制药、化妆品、食品以及观赏园艺等行业。本研究对2002-2004年和2009- 2012年在布尔诺孟德尔大学莱德尼斯园艺学院试验田栽培的观赏鼠尾草挥发油含量进行了评价。对42个不同类群的精油产量进行了9年的变异性监测。水蒸气蒸馏法测定精油含量，以ml/kg表示。全期含量最低的样品为2010年的普氏山茱萸(0.02 ml/kg)，全期含量最高的样品为2004年的山茱萸提取物(22.90 ml/kg)。鼠尾草挥发油含量的评价结果与文献中比较鼠尾草亚种和品种的数据一致，平均挥发油含量在6.51 ~ 19.20 ml/kg之间。斯洛伐克摘要Salvia L. je aromatick rostlina, používaná v řadě průmyslových odvětví， v etnje farmaceuticksamho, kosmeticksamho, potravinářského a je významná tak v okrasnsamm zahradnictví。Cílem t2013.com práce je zhodnocení obsahu silice v okrasných taxonech rodu Salvia L.， kter byly pěstovány na experimentálních plochách zahradnick学院门捷洛夫大学v brnyi, v letech 2002-2004和2009-2012。prom nlivost obsahu silice čtyřiceti dvou různých taxonlovyly sledovány po dobu devíti let。Obsah硅烷通过stanoven pomocí desdesile = vodní parou = vyjádřený v ml/kg。Nejnižší obsah byl, za cel období， shledán ve vzorku S. przewalskii, 2010年(0.02 ml/kg); nejvyšší obsah ve vzorku S. officinalis, Extrakta '， 2004年(22,90 ml/kg)。Výsledky hodnocení obsahu silice v rodu Salvia L. jsou v souladu s údaji uvedenými v literatuře, v případě porovnání poddruhdv a odrůd丹参L. Průměrný obsaah silice se pohybuje v rozmezí 6,51-19,20 ml/kg。
{"title":"Evaluation of content of essential oil in selected Salvia L. Species / Hodnocení obsahu silice ve vybraných druzích rodu Salvia L.","authors":"J. Neugebauerová, S. Raab, K. Kaffková","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Salvia L. is multipurpose aromatic plant, used in a wide range of industries, including pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food and above all, in ornamental gardening. The aim of this study is evaluation of essential oil content of ornamental Salvia L. species cultivated in experimental field of Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice during two periods 2002-2004 and 2009- 2012. Variability of essential oil yield of 42 different taxa was monitored for 9 years. Essential oil content was determined via steam distillation, expressed as ml/kg. The lowest content for the entire period showed sample S. przewalskii, in year 2010 (content 0.02 ml/kg) and the highest content for the entire period showed sample S. officinalis ‘Extracta’, in year 2004 (22.90 ml/kg). The results of evaluation of essential oil content in Salvia L. are consistent with data in the literature comparing the case of subspecies and varieties of Salvia officinalis L. The average content of essential oil ranges from 6.51 to 19.20 ml/kg. Slovak abstract Salvia L. je aromatická rostlina, používaná v řadě průmyslových odvětví, včetně farmaceutického, kosmetického, potravinářského a je významná také v okrasném zahradnictví. Cílem této práce je zhodnocení obsahu silice v okrasných taxonech rodu Salvia L., které byly pěstovány na experimentálních plochách Zahradnické fakulty Mendelovy univerzity v Brně, v letech 2002-2004 a 2009-2012. Proměnlivost obsahu silice čtyřiceti dvou různých taxonů byly sledovány po dobu devíti let. Obsah silice byl stanoven pomocí destilace s vodní parou a vyjádřený v ml/kg. Nejnižší obsah byl, za celé období, shledán ve vzorku S. przewalskii, v roce 2010 (0,02 ml/kg) a nejvyšší obsah ve vzorku S. officinalis ‚Extrakta‘, v roce 2004 (22,90 ml/kg). Výsledky hodnocení obsahu silice v rodu Salvia L. jsou v souladu s údaji uvedenými v literatuře, v případě porovnání poddruhů a odrůd Salvia officinalis L. Průměrný obsah silice se pohybuje v rozmezí 6,51-19,20 ml/kg.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"30 6 1","pages":"23 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90777099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohd Fasih Ahmad, S. Ahmad, Raj K. Keservani, A. Pradhan
Abstract Solanum tuberosum (Solanaceae) is a plant species widespread throughout India and world. S. tuberosum contains starch, sugar (glucose, sucrose and fructose), cellulose (10-20%), crude fibre, pectin substances (0.7-1.5% of dry weight), hemicelluloses (1%), fat (1.1%) and vitamin C. The proteins of S. tuberosum tuber comprised of about 60-70% globulin and 20-40% glutelin with no albumin. For external use, the grated raw S. tuberosum is applied locally in cases of arthritis, itching, neuralgia and mild burns. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the potential of S. tuberosum for the treatment of ulcers. Ranitidine is used as a standard referenceto evaluate anti-ulcer activity in models such as pylorus ligation model and stress-induced ulcers by cold water immersion. When alcoholic extract of tubers of S. tuberosum (AETST) and aqueous extract of tubers of S. tuberosum (AQETST) were subjected for LD50 study at the dose level of 2,000 mg/kg body weight. Preliminary phytochemical investigations revealed the presence of tannins, carbohydrates, sterols, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids and triterpenes in both the extracts. The dose was selected as low (100 mg/kg), medium (200 mg/kg) and high (400 mg/kg), and the doses of both the extracts significantly reduced the ulcer (P < 0.05*, 0.01** and 0.001***). The present study revealed that both the AETST and AQETST possessed anti-ulcer activity. Phytochemical constituents such as tannins, flavonoids and triterpenes have already been reported for their anti-ulcer activity. These phytochemical constituents were present in both the extracts and, hence, responsible for the observed activity.
{"title":"Anti-Ulcer Activity of Tuber Extracts of Solanum tuberosum (Solanaceae) in Rats","authors":"Mohd Fasih Ahmad, S. Ahmad, Raj K. Keservani, A. Pradhan","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Solanum tuberosum (Solanaceae) is a plant species widespread throughout India and world. S. tuberosum contains starch, sugar (glucose, sucrose and fructose), cellulose (10-20%), crude fibre, pectin substances (0.7-1.5% of dry weight), hemicelluloses (1%), fat (1.1%) and vitamin C. The proteins of S. tuberosum tuber comprised of about 60-70% globulin and 20-40% glutelin with no albumin. For external use, the grated raw S. tuberosum is applied locally in cases of arthritis, itching, neuralgia and mild burns. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the potential of S. tuberosum for the treatment of ulcers. Ranitidine is used as a standard referenceto evaluate anti-ulcer activity in models such as pylorus ligation model and stress-induced ulcers by cold water immersion. When alcoholic extract of tubers of S. tuberosum (AETST) and aqueous extract of tubers of S. tuberosum (AQETST) were subjected for LD50 study at the dose level of 2,000 mg/kg body weight. Preliminary phytochemical investigations revealed the presence of tannins, carbohydrates, sterols, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids and triterpenes in both the extracts. The dose was selected as low (100 mg/kg), medium (200 mg/kg) and high (400 mg/kg), and the doses of both the extracts significantly reduced the ulcer (P < 0.05*, 0.01** and 0.001***). The present study revealed that both the AETST and AQETST possessed anti-ulcer activity. Phytochemical constituents such as tannins, flavonoids and triterpenes have already been reported for their anti-ulcer activity. These phytochemical constituents were present in both the extracts and, hence, responsible for the observed activity.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"12 1","pages":"32 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88765818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Among the basic rights and freedoms, stipulated in the Constitution of the Slovak Republic, are right to protection of health, free medical care based on health insurance, right to medical aids under conditions stipulated by law. These rights are guaranteed through provisions of Art. 40 of the Constitution of the Slovak Republic as part of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and they apply to every individual. Since these rights are considered to be human rights under the international law, they are guaranteed by multilateral treaties in which Slovak Republic is a signatory, such as International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Legal regulation of operating pharmacies in the Slovak Republic covers a broad scope of issues and is quite extensive. Through concerted legislative effort, the legislator had tried to set rules that would make the legal environment in this sector more transparent and easier to navigate through. In some areas, the rules were set by the legislature of the European Union (EU) and the Slovak legislature only adapted them. The most important aspect of legal regulation in this sphere that is not completely regulated by the EU legislature is providing pharmaceutical care and usage of the public health insurance system with regard to providing pharmaceutical care. The main aim of this study is to point out select issues that are associated with the position of a pharmacy operator and obligations stipulated in the Medicines Act 2011 that must be observed and incorporated into the running of a pharmacy. This area of business is fairly strictly regulated and therefore it is necessary to get acquainted with the relevant legislation. The study addresses several issues regulated by the Medicines Act 2011 or the Appropriate Pharmaceutical Practice Regulation 2012 from the legal-theoretical perspective. Slovak Abstract Medzi základné práva a slobody, upravené v druhej hlave Ústavy Slovenskej republiky patrí aj právo na ochranu zdravia, bezplatnú zdravotnú starostlivosť na základe zdravotného poistenia, právo na zdravotnícke pomôcky za zákonom stanovených podmienok. Tieto práva sú garantované v ustanovení Čl. 40 Ústavy Slovenskej republiky v rámci ekonomických, sociálnych a kultúrnych práv a vzťahujú sa na každú fyzickú osobu, t. j. na človeka. Keďže sú tieto práva považované za ľudské práva v zmysle medzinárodného práva, sú garantované aj v mnohostranných medzinárodných zmluvách, ktorých signatárom je aj Slovenská republika, ako napríklad Medzinárodný pakt o hospodárskych, sociálnych a kultúrnych právach. Právna úprava prevádzkovania lekární v Slovenskej republike zahŕňa široké spektrum otázok a je pomerne rozsiahla. Snahou zákonodarcu bolo nastaviť také pravidlá, ktoré by stransparentnili a zjednodušili právne prostredie v tomto sektore. V niektorých oblastiach sú pravidlá dané legislatívou Európskej únie a slovenský právny poriadok ich iba prevzal. Najdôležitejším prvokom v tejto sfére, ktorý nie je priamo u
《斯洛伐克共和国宪法》规定的基本权利和自由包括享有健康保护权、在健康保险基础上获得免费医疗的权利、在法律规定的条件下获得医疗援助的权利。作为经济、社会和文化权利的一部分，《斯洛伐克共和国宪法》第40条的规定保障了这些权利，这些权利适用于每一个人。由于这些权利被认为是国际法规定的人权，因此受到斯洛伐克共和国签署的多边条约的保障，例如《经济、社会、文化权利国际盟约》。斯洛伐克共和国对经营药店的法律管制涵盖了广泛的问题，而且相当广泛。通过协调一致的立法努力，立法者试图制定规则，使这一部门的法律环境更加透明，更容易驾驭。在某些领域，规则是由欧洲联盟(欧盟)立法机构制定的，斯洛伐克立法机构只是加以修改。在这一领域的法律管制中，最重要的方面是提供医药保健，以及在提供医药保健方面使用公共健康保险制度。本研究的主要目的是指出与药房经营者的地位和2011年《药品法》规定的义务有关的选择问题，这些问题必须遵守并纳入药房的经营。这一领域的业务受到相当严格的监管，因此有必要熟悉相关的立法。该研究从法律理论的角度解决了2011年《药品法》或2012年《适当药品实践条例》规定的几个问题。斯洛伐克文摘Medzi zakladne prava slobody, upravene v druhej hlave Ustavy Slovenskej republiky父系的aj pravo na ochranu zdravia, bezplatnu zdravotnu starostlivosťna zaklade zdravotneho poistenia, pravo na zdravotnicke pomocky咱zakonom stanovenych podmienok。联系práva sú garantovan v ustanovení Čl。40 Ústavy斯洛文尼亚共和国v rámci ekonomických, sociálnych a kultúrnych práv a vzťahujú sa na každú fyzickú osobu, t. j. na 洛夫卡。柯ďže苏tieto prava považovane咱ľudske prava v zmysle medzinarodneho prava,苏garantovane aj v mnohostrannych medzinarodnych zmluvach, ktorych signatarom我aj Slovenska塞族,赤穗napriklad Medzinarodny pakt o hospodarskych socialnych一kulturnych pravach。Právna úprava prevádzkovania lekární v斯洛文尼亚共和国like zahŕňa široké spectrum otázok a je pomerne rozsiahla。Snahou zákonodarcu bolo nastavilovtak pravidl，由transparent - arentnila zjednodušili právne prostredie v tomto sektore提供。V niektorých oblastiach sú pravidl dan legislatívou Európskej únie a slovenský právny poriadok ich iba prevzal。Najdôležitejším provokom v tejto sastree, ktorý nie je priamo upravovaný legislatívou EÚ， je poskytovanie lekárenskej starostlivosti a využívanie system sammu verejnsamho zdravotnsamho poistenia v tejto oblasti。Hlavnym cieľom prispevku我poukazaťna vybrane problemy, ktore sa spajaju年代postavenim prevadzkovateľ一lekarne jeho povinnosťami, ktoreμvyplyvaju佐薇zakona o liekoch年代ktorymi sa musi赤穗prevadzkovateľlekarne vysporiadať。Táto oblas.com podnikania je pomerne prísne regullovan a preto je potrebnbn by.com oboznámený s príslušnými právnymi predpismi。Príspevok z právno-teoretického hľadiska rieši viacer otázky upraven v zákone o liekoch， i vyhláške o správnej lekárenskej praxi。
{"title":"Selected Issues of Legislation with regard to Operating Pharmacies in the Slovak Republic / Vybrané problémy právnej úpravy prevádzkovania lekární v podmienkach Slovenskej republiky","authors":"Petra Capandová","doi":"10.1515/afpuc-2015-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2015-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Among the basic rights and freedoms, stipulated in the Constitution of the Slovak Republic, are right to protection of health, free medical care based on health insurance, right to medical aids under conditions stipulated by law. These rights are guaranteed through provisions of Art. 40 of the Constitution of the Slovak Republic as part of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and they apply to every individual. Since these rights are considered to be human rights under the international law, they are guaranteed by multilateral treaties in which Slovak Republic is a signatory, such as International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Legal regulation of operating pharmacies in the Slovak Republic covers a broad scope of issues and is quite extensive. Through concerted legislative effort, the legislator had tried to set rules that would make the legal environment in this sector more transparent and easier to navigate through. In some areas, the rules were set by the legislature of the European Union (EU) and the Slovak legislature only adapted them. The most important aspect of legal regulation in this sphere that is not completely regulated by the EU legislature is providing pharmaceutical care and usage of the public health insurance system with regard to providing pharmaceutical care. The main aim of this study is to point out select issues that are associated with the position of a pharmacy operator and obligations stipulated in the Medicines Act 2011 that must be observed and incorporated into the running of a pharmacy. This area of business is fairly strictly regulated and therefore it is necessary to get acquainted with the relevant legislation. The study addresses several issues regulated by the Medicines Act 2011 or the Appropriate Pharmaceutical Practice Regulation 2012 from the legal-theoretical perspective. Slovak Abstract Medzi základné práva a slobody, upravené v druhej hlave Ústavy Slovenskej republiky patrí aj právo na ochranu zdravia, bezplatnú zdravotnú starostlivosť na základe zdravotného poistenia, právo na zdravotnícke pomôcky za zákonom stanovených podmienok. Tieto práva sú garantované v ustanovení Čl. 40 Ústavy Slovenskej republiky v rámci ekonomických, sociálnych a kultúrnych práv a vzťahujú sa na každú fyzickú osobu, t. j. na človeka. Keďže sú tieto práva považované za ľudské práva v zmysle medzinárodného práva, sú garantované aj v mnohostranných medzinárodných zmluvách, ktorých signatárom je aj Slovenská republika, ako napríklad Medzinárodný pakt o hospodárskych, sociálnych a kultúrnych právach. Právna úprava prevádzkovania lekární v Slovenskej republike zahŕňa široké spektrum otázok a je pomerne rozsiahla. Snahou zákonodarcu bolo nastaviť také pravidlá, ktoré by stransparentnili a zjednodušili právne prostredie v tomto sektore. V niektorých oblastiach sú pravidlá dané legislatívou Európskej únie a slovenský právny poriadok ich iba prevzal. Najdôležitejším prvokom v tejto sfére, ktorý nie je priamo u","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"126 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82473762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Hubčík, P. Pullmannová, S. Funari, F. Devínsky, D. Uhríková
Abstract The effect of ionic strength on DNA condensation by cationic liposomes prepared as a mixture of ethane-1,2-diylbis(dodecyl-dimethylammonium bromide) (C2GS12) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) was studied using fluorescence spectroscopy. The DNA condensation followed by changes in emission intensity of ethidium bromide shows a strong dependence on the ionic strength of the solution. At physiologically relevant ionic strength (0.15 mol/l NaCl), the amount of DNA condensed between lipid bilayers is approximately 40% lower compared to 0.005 mol/l NaCl. The structure of formed complexes was studied using small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD). DNA–C2GS12–DOPC complexes form a condensed lamellar phase organisation, which is partially disrupted by the increase of ionic strength. Both the lamellar repeat distance and DNA–DNA distance show dependence on C2GS12/DOPC molar ratio, temperature and also on ionic strength. We found that the method of preparation significantly affects both the quality of organisation and the structural parameters of complexes as discussed in the paper.
{"title":"DNA – DOPC – gemini surfactants complexes: effect of ionic strength","authors":"L. Hubčík, P. Pullmannová, S. Funari, F. Devínsky, D. Uhríková","doi":"10.2478/afpuc-2014-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/afpuc-2014-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effect of ionic strength on DNA condensation by cationic liposomes prepared as a mixture of ethane-1,2-diylbis(dodecyl-dimethylammonium bromide) (C2GS12) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) was studied using fluorescence spectroscopy. The DNA condensation followed by changes in emission intensity of ethidium bromide shows a strong dependence on the ionic strength of the solution. At physiologically relevant ionic strength (0.15 mol/l NaCl), the amount of DNA condensed between lipid bilayers is approximately 40% lower compared to 0.005 mol/l NaCl. The structure of formed complexes was studied using small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD). DNA–C2GS12–DOPC complexes form a condensed lamellar phase organisation, which is partially disrupted by the increase of ionic strength. Both the lamellar repeat distance and DNA–DNA distance show dependence on C2GS12/DOPC molar ratio, temperature and also on ionic strength. We found that the method of preparation significantly affects both the quality of organisation and the structural parameters of complexes as discussed in the paper.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"3 1","pages":"26 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88159412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A group of homochiral imidazolium salts bearing hydrophobic camphor derived moiety and ester or amide functional group were synthesized and characterized. The novel imidazolium bromides were tested as antimicrobial and antifungal agents and their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated and compared to clinically used benzalkonium bromide (BAB) and carbethopendecinium bromide. The MIC values of amide derivatives 2a and 2b were slightly smaller than those for BAB, indicating their good activity. None of the prepared salts was more effective than carbethopendecinium bromide. The biocidal efficacy of amide derivatives was much higher compared to the ester analogues.
{"title":"Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of camphorsulfonic acid derived imidazolium salts","authors":"R. Mikláš, N. Miklášová, M. Bukovský, F. Devínsky","doi":"10.2478/afpuc-2014-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/afpuc-2014-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A group of homochiral imidazolium salts bearing hydrophobic camphor derived moiety and ester or amide functional group were synthesized and characterized. The novel imidazolium bromides were tested as antimicrobial and antifungal agents and their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated and compared to clinically used benzalkonium bromide (BAB) and carbethopendecinium bromide. The MIC values of amide derivatives 2a and 2b were slightly smaller than those for BAB, indicating their good activity. None of the prepared salts was more effective than carbethopendecinium bromide. The biocidal efficacy of amide derivatives was much higher compared to the ester analogues.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"19 1","pages":"42 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80167862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this paper, we demonstrate several possibilities of using neutron scattering in pharmaceutical research based on examples of scientific results achieved at our University. In this second part, elementary principles of small-angle neutron scattering and simple methods of scattering data evaluation are described. Results of scattering on bilayers in unilamellar liposomes with intercalated general anaesthetics, antimicrobials or cholesterol demonstrate the potential of this method at determination of structural properties of bilayers.
{"title":"Neutrons in studies of phospholipid bilayers and bilayer–drug interaction. II. Small-angle scattering","authors":"M. Belička, Ferdinand Devínsky, P. Balgavý","doi":"10.2478/afpuc-2014-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/afpuc-2014-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, we demonstrate several possibilities of using neutron scattering in pharmaceutical research based on examples of scientific results achieved at our University. In this second part, elementary principles of small-angle neutron scattering and simple methods of scattering data evaluation are described. Results of scattering on bilayers in unilamellar liposomes with intercalated general anaesthetics, antimicrobials or cholesterol demonstrate the potential of this method at determination of structural properties of bilayers.","PeriodicalId":7321,"journal":{"name":"Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae","volume":"21 1","pages":"12 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79094520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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