HRB open research最新文献

Background: Risk of sarcopenia and poor nutritional status are observed in older adults receiving home care. Hence, the aim of the POWER trial is to investigate the effectiveness of a whey protein oral nutritional supplement (ONS) combined with an online resistance training (RT) programme compared to RT alone on physical function, nutritional status and health-related outcomes in community-dwelling older adults receiving supportive home care who are at risk of sarcopenia.

Methods: This home-based, randomised controlled trial will include older adults aged ≥70 years, receiving supportive home care (professional and/or informal), who will be screened for sarcopenia via telephone. Forty-six participants will be randomised into either (i) ONS + RT or (ii) RT only trial arms. Participants in the ONS + RT group will be provided with a whey protein ONS enriched with leucine and vitamin D to consume day daily for 12 weeks. All participants will be provided with an online RT programme twice weekly via Zoom. The primary outcomes are physical function, measured using the Timed Up and Go test and nutritional status, measured using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Full Form. Secondary outcomes include body composition, dietary intake, gait speed, muscle strength, cognitive function, depression risk, activities of daily living, quality of life and feasibility of intervention implementation. All outcomes will be measured at baseline (T1), post-intervention (T2) and 12 weeks post-intervention (T3).

Conclusion: This study will provide data on the effectiveness of a whey protein ONS enriched with leucine and vitamin D combined with an online RT programme delivered via Zoom, compared to the RT programme alone, for older adults at risk of sarcopenia and receiving supportive home care. If effective, this combined approach could act as an important strategy to support maintenance of physical function and nutritional status in older adults, for whom home-based interventions are likely a more feasible option.

Trial registration: NCT05688956; registered December 2022.

Background: Evidence synthesis plays a vital role in healthcare research, informing clinical practice and policy. Increasingly, students are involved in reviews, yet their experiences, including the barriers and facilitators for participation, remain underexplored. This study aims to examine the barriers and opportunities encountered by novice student team members in evidence synthesis.

Methods: This Study Within A Review (SWAR) will adopt a mixed-methods approach. Undergraduate and postgraduate students in health-related disciplines engaged in or having just completed their first evidence synthesis at the University of Limerick (Ireland) will be recruited through academic networks and word of mouth. Data will be collected primarily via focus groups, in addition to a short online survey. Thematic analysis will be employed to analyse qualitative data, while descriptive statistics will be used for survey responses. Qualitative and quantitative data will be collected concurrently and narratively integrated at the point of analysis using a weaving approach.

Results: This study aims to describe the experiences of students involved in evidence synthesis, identifying barriers and facilitators related to their participation. Findings will inform recommendations for improving evidence synthesis training, mentorship, and student engagement strategies.

Conclusion: Understanding student experiences in evidence synthesis may inform the development of targeted training and support mechanisms. The findings will provide valuable insights for academic institutions and research teams seeking to optimise student involvement in evidence synthesis.

Objective: This scoping review will explore and chart the evidence relating to non-pharmacological interventions that support education and/or employment for adolescent and young adults (AYAs) following a cancer diagnosis.

Introduction: The number of newly diagnosed AYAs with cancer is increasing and so too is the number of AYAs living with and beyond cancer. In line with missed schooling and long-term side-effects of treatment, it is unsurprising that this group may under-perform academically and be at higher risk of unemployment in comparison to their peers. Developing an overview of existing interventions to support education and/or employment for this cohort, is therefore important.

Inclusion criteria: Studies that explore non-pharmacological interventions that support education and/or employment for AYAs (aged 15-39 years at cancer diagnosis) post-cancer diagnosis. Interventions can be group-based, individual, and/or online in format, and can be vocational, psychosocial, physical, educational or multidisciplinary in nature. Qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods studies, case studies, observational studies, reports and theses will be included.

Methods: This scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. Databases to be searched include EMBASE, Web of Science, Medline (OVID), CINAHL, and PsycInfo, with no limitation on publication date. Grey literature will be searched, limited to the first 100 searches on Google Scholar. Titles and abstracts will be screened and two independent reviewers will review identified fill-texts. A data extraction tool will be used for data extraction.

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major global health concern, with millions of new cases occurring annually, particularly among young adults. These infections can lead to serious health complications, including infertility and increased risk of HIV, and are compounded by social stigma and mental health challenges. There have been significant global increases in STI diagnoses in recent years. The objective of this systematic review is to synthesise evidence on the predictors of trends in gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis, and HIV over the last ten years. We aim to provide insight into the multifaceted drivers of the recent increasing STI diagnosis rates.

Methods: We have developed a comprehensive search strategy that includes searching for relevant published literature and grey literature. We will include studies that contain evidence of longitudinal associations between changes in the incidence of diagnoses of four targeted STIs (i.e., gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis, and HIV) during the last ten years. In addition, we will explore changes in sociodemographic and behavioural variables during the same time among representative samples of national populations. We will conduct a narrative analysis of the included studies.

Discussion: The proposed synthesis plan is part of a larger research project that has been designed in response to the priorities of sexual health policymakers in Ireland. It will provide useful information regarding recent international trends in diagnoses of gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis, and HIV, which will inform further efforts to understand the recent increases in STI diagnoses in Ireland. We acknowledge that it will be limited by publication bias, the biases affecting the included studies, a potential lack of data on important sub-populations, and restrictions related to testing availability across countries. Ultimately, trends in STI diagnoses are best understood through the design of comprehensive behavioural surveillance systems, which this review may usefully inform.

Background: Implementation of public health measures during the first wave of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, including travel restrictions and physical distancing, may have impacted population behaviour in seeking medical care. Identifying factors associated with healthcare avoidance is important, especially for vulnerable groups.

Methods: A national cross-sectional telephone survey addressing the impact of public health restrictions on physical, mental and social wellbeing, was conducted during the first period of easing of COVID-19 restrictions in May and June 2020. Secondary data analysis of the dataset was carried out to examine the factors associated with self-reported deliberate/conscious avoidance of General Practitioner (G.P.) and hospital-based care. Poisson regression analyses were conducted to estimate risk ratios with robust variance estimation of the association between selected demographic and self-reported health factors and the risk of avoiding G.P. and hospital-based healthcare.

Results: Of the 969 participants, 152 (15.7%) deliberately avoided contacting their G.P. about non COVID-19 related concerns while 81 (8.4%) reported avoiding hospitals. In multivariate analyses, three groups, women (Rate Ratio(RR): 1.77, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.30 - 2.43), individuals who reported experiencing an adverse life event within the previous 3 months (RR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.27 - 2.28), and those with self-reported poor health status (trend p < 0.001) were more likely to report that they avoided contact with their G.P. Individuals at a higher risk of avoiding hospital-based care were older (trend with age, p = 0.063), those who tended to agree they were "likely to catch COVID-19" (trend p = 0.052), and those with self-reported poor health status (trend p <0.001).

Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of public health awareness and education regarding accessing healthcare during a pandemic and should be considered in future pandemic preparedness.

Objective: To review the current state of the art of human milk banking including evidence on development and implementation of human milk banking services in middle- and high-income countries; models of delivery; and the roles of key stakeholders in supporting and sustaining human milk banking services.

Introduction: Donor Human Milk (DHM) is human milk in excess of an infant's current and future needs that is donated for use by another infant. The World Health Organisation recommends that it should be available to all preterm and low birthweight infants. human milk banks (HMBs) require operational sustainability to ensure all year-round consistency and equity of DHM supply. This review will inform the co-design of an evidence framework for a national human milk banking resource network.

Inclusion criteria: Systematic reviews of studies reporting on the development, implementation and sustainability of a milk banking service in middle- and high-income countries.

Methods: The guidelines for umbrella reviews from the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis will be followed. A key word search strategy will be used to search: CINAHL (EBSCO), MEDLINE (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO), Embase (Ovid), JBI Evidence Synthesis, Epistemonikos, and the PROSPERO register. A grey literature search will be undertaken on Google scholar, BASE and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) website. English language and date restrictions (2000-current) will be used. Titles and abstracts and full-text articles will be independently screened by two reviewers. The reference lists of the included studies will be searched. Studies will be screened in Covidence by two independent reviewers. All reviewers will agree on the included studies. Data will be extracted and presented graphically using figures and tables. Narrative summary text will accompany the tables and figures.This protocol has been registered on PROSPERO.

Background: Breastfeeding is the recommended method of infant feeding. The postpartum period can be a challenging time for women who experience illness requiring pharmacotherapy. However, breastfeeding women may use medication less frequently than their counterparts who are not breastfeeding. Some women report the need for pharmacotherapy as a reason for earlier than desired breastfeeding cessation. The experiences of women in relation to self-management of medication use and breastfeeding are poorly understood.

Aim: The aim of this systematic review is to explore the barriers and facilitators to self-management for women who wish to breastfeed but require concurrent pharmacotherapy in the first two years postpartum, using mixed-methods and a systems-based theoretical framework.

Methods: Systematic searches will be performed using six electronic bibliographic databases. Dual independent selection, data extraction and quality assessment of studies will be carried out. A convergent integrated approach to data synthesis will be used. The System Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model will be used as a theoretical framework to guide data synthesis. Input and collaboration from public and patient involvement (PPI) contributors will be sought throughout.

Conclusion: Enhancing understanding of mothers' self-management experiences when they wish to breastfeed and take medication is arguably key to improving maternal and child health and quality of life. The proposed review will synthesise the available data regarding the barriers and facilitators to self-management for women who face the need for concurrent pharmacotherapy and breastfeeding. In doing so, important supports and unmet needs of this cohort will be revealed.

Prospero registration number: CRD420251000918. Amendments to this protocol will be uploaded as revision notes to any platforms where the protocol was published.

Background: Infection prevention and control work environments are complex in nature and have long been associated with extended public health crisis events; major global outbreaks, including epidemics, and pandemics. The role of infection control practitioners shifted exponentially during the COVID-19 pandemic and with this rapid change came anxiety, emotional exhaustion and burnout. Burnout at work generally occurs in response to chronic and prolonged exposure to emotionally challenging events, causing emotional exhaustion, feelings of cynicism, and lack of accomplishment at work. This systematic review aims to investigate burnout in infection control practitioners during extended public health crisis events in upper middle and high income countries globally.

Methods: A mixed-methods systematic review will be carried out and will include qualitative, quantitative and primary mixed-methods studies that investigate the elements of burnout and associated factors such as individual factors and organisational challenges, during extended public health crisis events. After an initial scoping literature search, up to six databases will be searched for studies on burnout in relation to infection prevention practitioners. Study quality will be checked using standardised Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. The proposed review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute convergent integrated approach for mixed methods systematic reviews. Following data extraction, quantitative data will be converted into 'qualitized data' in the form of textual descriptions.

Discussion: It is well documented that adverse conditions during extended public health crisis events can lead to burnout. This systematic review will investigate burnout in infection control practitioners in upper-middle and high-income countries during public health crisis events. The findings will inform healthcare professionals, senior policy makers and researchers contributing to a richer understanding of burnout and associated factors in infection control practitioners with the aim of informing implementation of support structures in practice.Protocol Registration Number: PROSPERO 2024 CRD42024508996.

Background: Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) in mental health research is increasingly recognised as a moral and ethical imperative, necessary to increase the relevance and effectiveness of translation of research findings. Despite policy mandates and growing evidence of its benefits, PPI implementation in mental health research remains inconsistent. Little attention has been given to the state of scientific knowledge on PPI capacity strengthening in mental health research that can support more meaningful implementation. The aims of this scoping review are to: determine the state of knowledge concerning PPI in mental health research capacity-strengthening initiatives; identify the outcome measures used to evaluate the impact of capacity strengthening initiatives for PPI on contributors, research processes, and policy; and map the barriers and enablers to the implementation of capacity strengthening initiatives for PPI.

Methods: This scoping review will follow JBI and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Sources will include peer-reviewed articles, grey literature, and organisational materials describing training or skill-building initiatives for adult PPI contributors in mental health research. Searches will be conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL, supplemented by hand-searching, targeted internet searches, and stakeholder consultation. Data extraction will capture descriptive details, initiative content, outcomes, and contextual factors, with barriers and enablers categorised according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) domains.

Conclusion: This review will provide the first comprehensive synthesis of capacity-strengthening initiatives for PPI contributors in mental health research. Findings will inform the development of a co-designed blueprint for capacity-strengthening for PPI contributors, and progress broader efforts to embed lived experience expertise and general public perspectives equitably within mental health research systems.

Objective: The objective for this scoping review is to systematically identify and map the breadth, type, and characteristics of population-level communication interventions on breastfeeding.

Introduction: Breastfeeding is the human biological norm and is well established to be foundational for health throughout the life course. Population-level communication interventions, or mass communication interventions can support positive social and cultural norms and practices that enable breastfeeding. To inform the development of effective mass communication interventions there is a need to systematically identify, analyse and synthesise the existing evidence to inform such guidance.

Inclusion criteria: We will include evidence on the development, implementation and effectiveness of population-level communications interventions in high development index countries (including traditional mass media, social media or other mass communication interventions) aimed at influencing breastfeeding at scale. We will include empirical evidence from primary studies and evidence synthesis.

Methods: We will search databases for primary studies and reviews, written in English language, from 1990 onwards: PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, PsycInfo, MIDIRS and ProQuest. We will conduct forward and reverse citation searching of included studies and reviews and grey literature searches via web searches, OSF, and contact with known authors/ organisations in the field. The search will be undertaken in January/February 2025.Screening and data extraction will be conducted using EPPI reviewer web (ER6), making use of automation tools to support efficiency. Disagreements will be discussed until a consensus is reached or a third author makes a final decision.Data extraction will include information on study location, target and subject populations, message content, message framing, declared conflicts of interest and underlying theory used.