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Banter as transformative practice: linguistic play and joking relationships in a UK swimming club. 作为变革实践的戏谑:英国游泳俱乐部中的语言游戏和玩笑关系。
Pub Date : 2024-08-14 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/humor-2024-0005
Sean Heath

This article investigates the multiple interpretations and uses of banter as an inclusive and exclusionary practice amongst competitive youth swimmers in the Southeast of England. As a metacommunicative act, banter is a form of linguistic play that focuses on the ways in which the words are delivered, and the social relationships involved between those engaged in banter. Through an immersive "apprenticeship" within a competitive swimming club from 2018 to 2022, I was party to particular forms of English "humorous" communication and invitations to join in banter with coaches and swimmers. As competitive swimming can be a monotonous activity, with long periods between competitions and nigh endless repetition of training drills, coaches encouraged swimmers' engagement in banter as an inclusive strategy for squad cohesiveness and to stave off boredom throughout the swimming season. Playful teasing was used to invite engagement in banter from one or more people, helping to foster social bonds, develop joking relationships, and create a relaxed atmosphere within training spaces. Mockery and teasing used to initiate banter were also mobilized as exclusionary social positioning strategies to test the limits of social interaction and define oneself against others. This article asserts that despite the nearly-totalitarian position of the coach within high-performance swimming humorous or joking banter does not simply function as a morale-booting activity or as a substitute for active resistance against monotonous training requirements. By paying attention to the intersubjective processes within joking relationships, here through banter, we can see how youth actively navigate sociality and assert their agency within institutional training environments.

本文研究了英格兰东南部青少年竞技游泳运动员对戏谑作为一种包容和排斥做法的多种解释和使用。作为一种元交流行为,戏谑是一种语言游戏形式,其重点在于语言表达方式以及参与戏谑者之间的社会关系。通过 2018 年至 2022 年在一家竞技游泳俱乐部的浸入式 "见习",我接触到了英语 "幽默 "交流的特殊形式,以及与教练和游泳运动员进行戏谑交流的邀请。由于竞技游泳是一项单调的活动,比赛之间的间隔时间很长,训练演习几乎无休止地重复,因此教练鼓励游泳运动员参与戏谑,以此作为一种包容性策略,增强队伍的凝聚力,并在整个游泳赛季中避免无聊。嬉戏戏弄被用来邀请一人或多人参与戏谑,有助于培养社交纽带,发展玩笑关系,并在训练场地营造轻松氛围。用于发起戏谑的嘲笑和戏弄也被用作排斥性的社会定位策略,以测试社会互动的极限,并将自己与他人区分开来。本文认为,尽管教练在高水平游泳比赛中几乎处于极权地位,但幽默或玩笑式的戏谑并不只是一种鼓舞士气的活动,也不能取代对单调训练要求的积极抵抗。通过关注玩笑关系中的主体间过程(这里是通过戏谑),我们可以看到青少年是如何在制度化的训练环境中积极驾驭社会性并坚持自己的能动性的。
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引用次数: 0
A general mechanism of humor: reformulating the semantic overlap 幽默的一般机制:语义重叠的重新表述
Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1515/humor-2023-0032
Javier Martínez
Abstract This article proposes a cognitive mechanism of humor of general applicability, not restricted to verbal communication. It is indebted to Raskin’s concept of script overlap, and conforms to the incongruity-resolution theoretical framework, but it is built on the notion of constraint, an evoked correspondence between sets of data. Under this view, script overlap is an outcome of a more abstractly described phenomenon, constraint overlap. The important concept of the overlooked argument is introduced to characterize the two overlapping constraints—overt and covert. Their inputs and outputs are not directly encoded in utterances, but implicated by them, and their overlap results in another overlap at the level of the communicated utterances, that the incongruity reveals. Our hypothesis assumes as a given that the evocation of such constraints is a cognitive effect of the inferential process by which a hearer interprets utterances. We base this assumption on Hofstadter’s theory of analogy-making as the essence of human thought. By substituting “stimuli” of any kind for “utterances” in this model, we obtain a mechanism as easily applicable to non-verbal communication—slapstick, cartoons—and we propose it describes the necessary and sufficient conditions for a communicative act in any modality to carry humor.
摘要本文提出了一种不局限于言语交际的、普遍适用的幽默认知机制。它得益于拉斯金的脚本重叠概念,并符合不协调解决理论框架,但它是建立在约束概念上的,即数据集之间的对应关系。在这种观点下,脚本重叠是一种更为抽象的描述现象的结果,即约束重叠。引入了被忽略论证的重要概念来描述两个重叠的约束——显性约束和隐性约束。它们的输入和输出并没有直接编码在话语中,而是被话语所牵连,它们的重叠导致了在沟通话语层面上的另一种重叠,这就是不协调所揭示的。我们的假设假设,这种约束的唤起是听者解释话语的推理过程的认知效应。我们将这一假设建立在霍夫施塔特作为人类思维本质的类比理论的基础上。通过用任何形式的“刺激”代替这个模型中的“话语”,我们获得了一种同样容易适用于非语言交流的机制——闹剧、卡通——我们认为它描述了任何形式的交际行为携带幽默的必要和充分条件。
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引用次数: 0
The Humor Styles Questionnaire: a critique of scale construct validity and recommendations regarding individual differences in style profiles 幽默风格问卷:对量表结构效度的批判和对风格特征个体差异的建议
Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1515/humor-2023-0086
Graeme Galloway
Abstract This paper examines the construct validity of the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) – that is, whether scores on the scale adequately reflect adaptive or maladaptive humor use which is causally related to psychosocial well-being, and considers how research on distinct groups of people defined in terms of their style profiles can clarify the nature of the styles. A number of concerns about scale content are raised, including that coverage of relevant issues and wording of some scale items are problematic; rating scales used to assess humor use require revision; the extent of influence of non-humor components of the items is unclear; and the items associated with any style do not accurately indicate its motivation. Findings concerning style profiles indicate the same style can perform different functions for different people (relationship/stimulation seeking, or self-defense) and also differ from those typically observed in studies of HSQ convergent, divergent, and criterion validity. Further research should take into account the methodological issues discussed and focus on the style profiles and humor content and structure preferences of humor users and their audiences. Reasons to view the styles as predictive of but not causally related to psychosocial well-being are also provided.
摘要:本文考察了幽默风格问卷(HSQ)的结构效度,即量表上的分数是否充分反映了与心理社会健康有因果关系的适应性或非适应性幽默使用,并考虑了根据其风格特征定义的不同人群的研究如何阐明风格的本质。对比额表内容提出了一些关切,包括有关问题的涵盖范围和一些比额表项目的措词有问题;用于评估幽默使用的评定量表需要修订;项目中非幽默成分的影响程度尚不清楚;与任何风格相关的项目都不能准确地表明其动机。有关风格特征的研究结果表明,相同的风格对不同的人具有不同的功能(寻求关系/刺激,或自卫),也不同于HSQ收敛性、发散性和标准效度研究中典型的观察结果。进一步的研究应考虑到所讨论的方法问题,并将重点放在幽默使用者及其受众的风格特征、幽默内容和结构偏好上。此外,还提供了将这些风格视为预测心理健康但与心理健康没有因果关系的理由。
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引用次数: 0
Jennifer Caplan (2023). Funny, you don’t look funny: Judaism and humor from the silent generation to millennials 詹妮弗·卡普兰(2023)。有趣,你看起来不有趣:从沉默的一代到千禧一代的犹太教和幽默
Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1515/humor-2023-0064
E. Oring
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引用次数: 0
Villy Tsakona (2020). Recontextualising humour. rethinking the analysis and teaching of humor. De Gruyter Mouton, 229 pp. Villy Tsakona(2020)。彻底幽默。重新思考幽默的分析与教学。De Gruyter Mouton, 229页。
Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1515/humor-2022-0102
W. Chłopicki
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引用次数: 0
Elisa Gironzetti: The Multimodal Performance of Conversational Humor Elisa Gironzetti:会话幽默的多模态表现
Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1515/humor-2023-0041
Béatrice Priego-Valverde
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引用次数: 0
Shepherd Mpofu, ed.: The politics of laughter in the social media age Shepherd Mpofu主编:社交媒体时代的笑声政治
Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1515/humor-2022-0116
I. Filani
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引用次数: 0
Sexist jokes don’t appear to increase rape proclivity among men high in hostile sexism: Evidence from two pre-registered direct replications of Thomae and Viki (2013) 性别歧视笑话似乎不会增加敌意性别歧视高的男性的强奸倾向:来自两个预先注册的直接复制Thomae和Viki(2013)的证据
Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1515/humor-2022-0134
N. McLatchie, M. Thomae
Abstract Thomae and Viki (2013) reported that increased exposure to sexist humor can increase rape proclivity among men who score high on measures of Hostile Sexism. Here we report two pre-registered direct replications (Total N = 530) of Study 2 from Thomae and Viki (2013) and assess replicability via (i) statistical significance, (ii) Bayes factors, (iii) a small-telescope approach, and (iv) a mini meta-analysis across the original and replication studies. The original results were not supported by any of the approaches. Combining both the original studies and replications yielded strong evidence in support of the null over the experimental hypothesis (Bayes factor = 0.04). The evidence provided by the current studies therefore suggests sexist jokes do not increase rape proclivity among males high in hostile sexism. We encourage researchers to continue to conduct pre-registered and open research to further understand the potential (lack of) impact of sexist humor in the future.
Thomae和Viki(2013)报告称,在敌意性别歧视测试中得分较高的男性中,更多地接触性别歧视幽默会增加强奸倾向。在这里,我们报告了来自Thomae和Viki(2013)的研究2的两个预先注册的直接重复(总N = 530),并通过(i)统计显著性,(ii)贝叶斯因子,(iii)小型望远镜方法,以及(iv)跨原始研究和复制研究的小型荟萃分析来评估可重复性。最初的结果没有得到任何方法的支持。结合原始研究和重复研究,得出了强有力的证据,支持实验假设的零值(贝叶斯因子= 0.04)。因此,目前的研究提供的证据表明,性别歧视的笑话不会增加敌意性别歧视程度高的男性的强奸倾向。我们鼓励研究人员继续进行预注册和开放的研究,以进一步了解性别歧视幽默在未来的潜在(缺乏)影响。
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引用次数: 0
Clown doctors virtualized: hospital professionals’ perception regarding online visits during confinement in Portuguese public hospitals 小丑医生虚拟化:医院专业人员对葡萄牙公立医院坐月子期间在线访问的看法
Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1515/humor-2022-0118
Inês Peceguina, Iêda Alcântara, A. C. Santos, Flávia Diab, Sílvia Carvalho
Abstract Clown doctors’ artistic interventions directed to hospitalized children in the Portuguese public hospitals have been performed over the last 20 years, uninterruptedly. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the doctor clowns’ visits were interrupted, but soon after resumed in some hospitals, by means of visits online. The present study evaluates hospital professionals’ perception (n = 152) regarding clowns’ online visits. Participants were mostly nurses (n = 76), and child educators/teachers (n = 39) working in pediatrics (n = 139). Six months after the beginning of the visits, an online questionnaire was used to collect the data. A mixed-methods approach was used to analyse the data. Results indicate that most hospital professionals have a positive perception of online visits, considering that the quality of performance was preserved, and that children were engaged and benefited from the interactions. Moreover, participants acknowledge the organizations’ ability and promptness in developing an alternative way of visiting the children, even though some stressed that in-person visits are the most desirable format.
小丑医生对葡萄牙公立医院住院儿童的艺术干预已经进行了20多年,不间断。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,小丑医生的出诊被中断,但很快就在一些医院通过在线出诊恢复了。本研究评估了医院专业人员对小丑在线访问的看法(n = 152)。参与者主要是护士(n = 76)和从事儿科工作的儿童教育者/教师(n = 39) (n = 139)。访问开始六个月后,使用在线问卷收集数据。采用混合方法分析数据。结果表明,大多数医院专业人员对在线访问有积极的看法,考虑到表现的质量得到了保留,儿童参与并从互动中受益。此外,与会者承认各组织在制定另一种访问儿童的方式方面的能力和迅速,尽管有些人强调亲自访问是最可取的形式。
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引用次数: 0
‘Just kidding?’ – an exploratory audience study into the ways Flemish youth with a minoritized ethnic identity make sense of ethnic humor and the politics of offense “只是在开玩笑吧?——一个探索性的受众研究,探讨了具有少数民族身份的佛兰德青年如何理解民族幽默和冒犯政治
Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.1515/humor-2022-0119
Anke Lion, Frederik Dhaenens
Abstract Recently, ethnic humor (targeting ethnoreligious identities) is increasingly questioned in European and Western countries, sparking controversy on online and traditional media platforms. Absent from the mediated and academic debate are the opinions from targeted subjects of the joke. This qualitative audience study aims to add to critical humor scholarship by providing insight into how targeted groups make sense of disputes of offense. We interviewed 35 participants (ages 15–24) with a minoritized ethnic identity (mostly a Moroccan or Turkish diasporic background) and religious identity (all identified as Muslim) on how they negotiate offensive (ethnic) humor. Moreover, we asked participants to reflect on the politics of offense (i.e. the power relations underlying the process of publicly claiming offense) and the role media play in the discussion of offended feelings in relation to (ethnic) humor. A thematic analysis of three focus groups indicates how participants’ negotiations were always influenced by contextual factors and tied to their identities, both on a sociopolitical and personal level. Further, participants were highly conscious about their minoritized position in debates on offensive ethnic humor and how this relates to societal power inequalities. As such, they recognized how the politics of offense regarding ethnic humor highlight boundaries between social groups.
近年来,民族幽默(针对民族宗教认同)在欧美国家受到越来越多的质疑,在网络和传统媒体平台上引发了争议。在调解和学术辩论中,没有来自笑话目标对象的意见。这个定性的观众研究旨在通过提供对目标群体如何理解冒犯争议的见解来增加批判性幽默学术。我们采访了35名参与者(年龄在15-24岁),他们具有少数民族身份(主要是摩洛哥或土耳其散居背景)和宗教身份(都被认定为穆斯林),了解他们如何处理冒犯性(种族)幽默。此外,我们要求参与者反思冒犯的政治(即公开声称冒犯的过程背后的权力关系)和媒体在讨论与(种族)幽默有关的冒犯感时所扮演的角色。对三个焦点小组的专题分析表明,参与者的谈判如何总是受到背景因素的影响,并与他们的社会政治和个人身份联系在一起。此外,参与者高度意识到他们在关于攻击性种族幽默的辩论中处于少数地位,以及这与社会权力不平等的关系。因此,他们认识到关于种族幽默的冒犯政治如何突出社会群体之间的界限。
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引用次数: 0
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Humor (Berlin, Germany)
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