Entrepreneurship is generally considered the engine of growth, given its role in introducing innovations into the economic system. Developed countries have already become a victim of rapid aging of their populations, while the similar trend has just started in developing countries. The previous literature has suggested that aging and nascent entrepreneurship are negatively related. This study investigated the relationship between aging and innovation using dynamic panel techniques. We found that the level of innovation activities represented by the number of patent applications is negatively related to aging. This association remains even after other demographic and institutional confounders are taken into account. We also found that education and flexibility of business regulations are positively related to innovation.
{"title":"The older, the wiser and also the less innovative? An empirical analysis of the relationship between population aging and innovativeness","authors":"Gabriele Ruiu, Marco Breschi, Alessio Fornasin","doi":"10.36922/ijps.0429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.0429","url":null,"abstract":"Entrepreneurship is generally considered the engine of growth, given its role in introducing innovations into the economic system. Developed countries have already become a victim of rapid aging of their populations, while the similar trend has just started in developing countries. The previous literature has suggested that aging and nascent entrepreneurship are negatively related. This study investigated the relationship between aging and innovation using dynamic panel techniques. We found that the level of innovation activities represented by the number of patent applications is negatively related to aging. This association remains even after other demographic and institutional confounders are taken into account. We also found that education and flexibility of business regulations are positively related to innovation.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135201681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Child protection workers who interact with vulnerable children daily are indirectly exposed to multiple traumatic events, and the possibility of experiencing burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS) is high. Concurrently with these outcomes, positive results can occur in this type of activity, which are experienced in the form of compassion satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to explain the effect personal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) exert on the professional quality of life (ProQOL) of selected categories of employees (foster parents, psychologists, and social workers), via the employees’ attachment security and closeness toward the children they work with. This study is the first to investigate factors that influence the development of ProQOL in a more complex sample of child protection workers. Data were collected at a single point in time with the help of 11 Child Protection Services Bureaus from Romania, using an online survey, yielding 223 participants, including 130 foster parents and 93 specialists. The mediating model was tested with structural equation modeling. The overall fit of the model is acceptable. The indirect effects of ACEs on the components of ProQOL are statistically significant, and attachment security and closeness in the child-employee dyad act as protective factors against the development of burnout and STS in this sample. Findings confirm the beneficial effects of employee attachment security and closeness towards children they work with on their ProQOL. These results could be implemented by considering attachment-based approaches in supporting professionals.
{"title":"Professional quality of life in the child protection system: The mediating role of attachment security and closeness in the child-employee dyad","authors":"Flavia Teculeasa, F. Golu, Adrian Gorbănescu","doi":"10.36922/ijps.0884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.0884","url":null,"abstract":"Child protection workers who interact with vulnerable children daily are indirectly exposed to multiple traumatic events, and the possibility of experiencing burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS) is high. Concurrently with these outcomes, positive results can occur in this type of activity, which are experienced in the form of compassion satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to explain the effect personal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) exert on the professional quality of life (ProQOL) of selected categories of employees (foster parents, psychologists, and social workers), via the employees’ attachment security and closeness toward the children they work with. This study is the first to investigate factors that influence the development of ProQOL in a more complex sample of child protection workers. Data were collected at a single point in time with the help of 11 Child Protection Services Bureaus from Romania, using an online survey, yielding 223 participants, including 130 foster parents and 93 specialists. The mediating model was tested with structural equation modeling. The overall fit of the model is acceptable. The indirect effects of ACEs on the components of ProQOL are statistically significant, and attachment security and closeness in the child-employee dyad act as protective factors against the development of burnout and STS in this sample. Findings confirm the beneficial effects of employee attachment security and closeness towards children they work with on their ProQOL. These results could be implemented by considering attachment-based approaches in supporting professionals.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46768853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For several decades, proposals have been made to redistribute social transfers (mainly pensions) and the time people spend on training and work (paid or otherwise) throughout the life course, in line with an analytical perspective that considers the life course as a whole, not just certain stages or transitions. One recent proposal, known as temporary leave (TL), would provide the opportunity to take temporary periods of voluntary paid exit from work over the life course, in exchange for a proportional delay in the age of retirement. This paper discusses the suitability of TL as a social policy for aging European societies.
{"title":"Active aging and alternatives to age-based retirement","authors":"Alfredo Alfageme","doi":"10.36922/ijps.482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.482","url":null,"abstract":"For several decades, proposals have been made to redistribute social transfers (mainly pensions) and the time people spend on training and work (paid or otherwise) throughout the life course, in line with an analytical perspective that considers the life course as a whole, not just certain stages or transitions. One recent proposal, known as temporary leave (TL), would provide the opportunity to take temporary periods of voluntary paid exit from work over the life course, in exchange for a proportional delay in the age of retirement. This paper discusses the suitability of TL as a social policy for aging European societies.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45840660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies on homosexual men reveal a secondary self-label, the sex role, which can affect many dimensions of their lives. Based on their roles in anal intercourse, homosexual men adopt self-label or sex role as top, bottom, and versatile. Unwelcoming social space, along with the legal and religious constraints in Islamic communities on homosexuality has made information about their personality traits scarce. Therefore, this study assessed the personality traits of homosexual men with different sex roles and compared them to each other and heterosexual men. In an ex post facto study, 197 Iranian homosexual men (30 tops, 36 bottoms, and 131 versatile) and 49 Iranian heterosexual men were included using purposive and snowball samplings to complete a short 71-item Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). The results showed top group obtaining highest mean score among the groups for scales of validity (F) and hypochondriasis (Hs), while bottom group obtaining highest mean scores for scales correction (K), depression (D), hysteria (Hy), paranoia (Pa), psychasthenia (Pt), and hypomania (Ma). These results suggested that bottoms encounter more difficulties in forming relationships and concealing their sexual identity. Depression, hopelessness, and a sense of failure in attracting support and affection from others are more prominent among bottoms.
{"title":"Personality traits in homosexual men with different sex roles in Iran","authors":"Seyed Mohsen Pourmohseni Shakib, Sajjad Rezaei, Ashkan Naseh","doi":"10.36922/ijps.0390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.0390","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on homosexual men reveal a secondary self-label, the sex role, which can affect many dimensions of their lives. Based on their roles in anal intercourse, homosexual men adopt self-label or sex role as top, bottom, and versatile. Unwelcoming social space, along with the legal and religious constraints in Islamic communities on homosexuality has made information about their personality traits scarce. Therefore, this study assessed the personality traits of homosexual men with different sex roles and compared them to each other and heterosexual men. In an ex post facto study, 197 Iranian homosexual men (30 tops, 36 bottoms, and 131 versatile) and 49 Iranian heterosexual men were included using purposive and snowball samplings to complete a short 71-item Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). The results showed top group obtaining highest mean score among the groups for scales of validity (F) and hypochondriasis (Hs), while bottom group obtaining highest mean scores for scales correction (K), depression (D), hysteria (Hy), paranoia (Pa), psychasthenia (Pt), and hypomania (Ma). These results suggested that bottoms encounter more difficulties in forming relationships and concealing their sexual identity. Depression, hopelessness, and a sense of failure in attracting support and affection from others are more prominent among bottoms.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43429721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lifelong learning is essential to support optimum development, cope with life challenges, improve healthy autonomy and contribute to a just, sustainable, and prosperous society. The value of the legal right to lifelong learning is not well understood, tested, or applied, as lifelong learning is rarely extended to all people till the end of life. Education or learning was formally accepted as a human right under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. Together with UNESCO Recommendation against Discrimination in Education (1960), these two international agreements ensure access, relevance, and equity of lifelong learning. Possible reasons for low compliance and slow implementation of lifelong learning to the end of life are discussed. Canada’s efforts can serve as a model for lifelong learning policies for later life because, as a federated country, it requires national and provincial laws to work together to achieve the same desired outcome for lifelong learning across thirteen different provinces and territories. Furthermore, for the first time, the 2021 Canadian census provided detailed data for the population aged 65–100 years, and it supports evidence-based policy development regarding for whom, when, what, when, where, and how lifelong learning outcomes can be provided nationally. A combination of need and capacity is a better measure than determining eligibility by age 65–100 years, and the quality of learning should be based on responsiveness to specific needs and its relevance to learners in the last four decades of life. The needs for knowledge range from life management, personal growth, societal contributions, and legacy for the future. Learning options should be continuous, encourage individual choice, and rely on geragogy. To be equitable, learning in later life should be delivered in formal, non-formal, or informal means in residential and institutional settings.
{"title":"The right to lifelong learning: Addressing policy challenges for late-life learning in Canada","authors":"S. Brink","doi":"10.36922/ijps.339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.339","url":null,"abstract":"Lifelong learning is essential to support optimum development, cope with life challenges, improve healthy autonomy and contribute to a just, sustainable, and prosperous society. The value of the legal right to lifelong learning is not well understood, tested, or applied, as lifelong learning is rarely extended to all people till the end of life. Education or learning was formally accepted as a human right under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. Together with UNESCO Recommendation against Discrimination in Education (1960), these two international agreements ensure access, relevance, and equity of lifelong learning. Possible reasons for low compliance and slow implementation of lifelong learning to the end of life are discussed. Canada’s efforts can serve as a model for lifelong learning policies for later life because, as a federated country, it requires national and provincial laws to work together to achieve the same desired outcome for lifelong learning across thirteen different provinces and territories. Furthermore, for the first time, the 2021 Canadian census provided detailed data for the population aged 65–100 years, and it supports evidence-based policy development regarding for whom, when, what, when, where, and how lifelong learning outcomes can be provided nationally. A combination of need and capacity is a better measure than determining eligibility by age 65–100 years, and the quality of learning should be based on responsiveness to specific needs and its relevance to learners in the last four decades of life. The needs for knowledge range from life management, personal growth, societal contributions, and legacy for the future. Learning options should be continuous, encourage individual choice, and rely on geragogy. To be equitable, learning in later life should be delivered in formal, non-formal, or informal means in residential and institutional settings.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49653890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boo Ho Voon, Phang Ing, Corina Joseph, Muhammad Abang Azlan, V. Mathew, Kelvin Tee Yong Goh
Sustainable socioeconomic development service dimensions, determining the suburban residents’ satisfaction from the residents’ perspectives, have yet to be contextually identified for more effective policies and strategies to benefit the targeted households. This case-based empirical research paper aims to examine the relevant sustainable suburban socioeconomic service dimensions from the residents’ perspectives. Interviews and questionnaire survey data were employed to identify the numerous dimensions and items in relevance. Batu Kawa suburban in Kuching (Sarawak, Borneo), Malaysia, was chosen based on its exemplary socioeconomic development and multi-ethnicity. The survey involved 283 respondents. The findings reveal that there were ten dimensions for the sustainable socioeconomic development service dimensions. The findings also indicate that the residents were generally satisfied, but there is still room for further improvement, especially in terms of public transport system, road traffic, safety and security, sport facilities, pollution, and job opportunities. The results suggested that there were differences between two geographical areas separated by the Sarawak River.
{"title":"Sustainable socioeconomic development service for suburban population: A case study in East Malaysia","authors":"Boo Ho Voon, Phang Ing, Corina Joseph, Muhammad Abang Azlan, V. Mathew, Kelvin Tee Yong Goh","doi":"10.36922/ijps.442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.442","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable socioeconomic development service dimensions, determining the suburban residents’ satisfaction from the residents’ perspectives, have yet to be contextually identified for more effective policies and strategies to benefit the targeted households. This case-based empirical research paper aims to examine the relevant sustainable suburban socioeconomic service dimensions from the residents’ perspectives. Interviews and questionnaire survey data were employed to identify the numerous dimensions and items in relevance. Batu Kawa suburban in Kuching (Sarawak, Borneo), Malaysia, was chosen based on its exemplary socioeconomic development and multi-ethnicity. The survey involved 283 respondents. The findings reveal that there were ten dimensions for the sustainable socioeconomic development service dimensions. The findings also indicate that the residents were generally satisfied, but there is still room for further improvement, especially in terms of public transport system, road traffic, safety and security, sport facilities, pollution, and job opportunities. The results suggested that there were differences between two geographical areas separated by the Sarawak River.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41602756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transportation socialization as a rising field of study has gained much attention in traditional immigration countries, such as the United States and European countries. Treating transportation behaviors as a routine activity, previous studies mainly looked at the discrepancy in transportation choices between immigrants and natives, for example, automobile usage in the U.S. By examining immigrants’ minibus ridership in Hong Kong (a unique local public transportation service) and extending the previous theoretical thread on spatial assimilation, this study expands the social and geographical scope of transportation assimilation to a non-traditional immigration region and further tests the applicability of general immigration theory on transportation socialization. Capitalizing on a large sample of pooled census data, we are the first to explore the changing pattern of immigrants’ transportation socialization in Hong Kong and Asia. By looking at the transportation assimilation through individual and locational level factors, we found the pattern in Hong Kong to be generally in line with the previous studies in traditional immigration countries on the individual level but not on the locational level.
{"title":"Shouting “chin min yau lok” (stop at the front) in a minibus: Transportation assimilation among immigrants in Hong Kong","authors":"Xiaohang Zhao, Skylar Biyang Sun, Guixiang Zhang","doi":"10.36922/ijps.0386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.0386","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation socialization as a rising field of study has gained much attention in traditional immigration countries, such as the United States and European countries. Treating transportation behaviors as a routine activity, previous studies mainly looked at the discrepancy in transportation choices between immigrants and natives, for example, automobile usage in the U.S. By examining immigrants’ minibus ridership in Hong Kong (a unique local public transportation service) and extending the previous theoretical thread on spatial assimilation, this study expands the social and geographical scope of transportation assimilation to a non-traditional immigration region and further tests the applicability of general immigration theory on transportation socialization. Capitalizing on a large sample of pooled census data, we are the first to explore the changing pattern of immigrants’ transportation socialization in Hong Kong and Asia. By looking at the transportation assimilation through individual and locational level factors, we found the pattern in Hong Kong to be generally in line with the previous studies in traditional immigration countries on the individual level but not on the locational level.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45043193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Japan, the population of immigrants has been increasing sharply, while the population is aging rapidly. Therefore, Japan is chosen for a case study to examine the relationship between demographic change and immigration. Immigration is important to the growth of the labor force due to population aging and the decline in working age population. Existing studies generally support the hypothesis that a positive association exists between population aging and immigration, which is as aging population increases, the number of immigrants increases in industrialized countries. However, there remain uncertainties as to what age range of the population is considered to increase in the proportion of older people related to the positive association, and how population composition by age group is related to the immigration in Japan. This study examines how the population composition by age group is related to immigration in Japan by applying econometric methods for the period 1975 – 2019. The results indicate that a decrease in the ratio of the population aged 60 – 64 to the total population and an increase in the population aged 65 and over are associated with increases in the ratio of foreign resident population to the total population of Japanese nationals.
{"title":"Population aging and immigration: Evidence from Japan","authors":"Mikiko Oliver","doi":"10.36922/ijps.407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.407","url":null,"abstract":"In Japan, the population of immigrants has been increasing sharply, while the population is aging rapidly. Therefore, Japan is chosen for a case study to examine the relationship between demographic change and immigration. Immigration is important to the growth of the labor force due to population aging and the decline in working age population. Existing studies generally support the hypothesis that a positive association exists between population aging and immigration, which is as aging population increases, the number of immigrants increases in industrialized countries. However, there remain uncertainties as to what age range of the population is considered to increase in the proportion of older people related to the positive association, and how population composition by age group is related to the immigration in Japan. This study examines how the population composition by age group is related to immigration in Japan by applying econometric methods for the period 1975 – 2019. The results indicate that a decrease in the ratio of the population aged 60 – 64 to the total population and an increase in the population aged 65 and over are associated with increases in the ratio of foreign resident population to the total population of Japanese nationals.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43972430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food insecurity and mental health disorders have been increasing in all populations globally due to a variety of sociopolitical factors. Our study examines how the severity of food insecurity is associated with major depression in adults. We analyzed data from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which includes a nationally representative sample from households across the United States. Our sample was restricted to adults aged 18 and older, resulting in a sample size of 5856 participants. We used a multiple logistic regression with sampling weights applied to evaluate whether adult food insecurity severity is associated with major depression. Overall, higher severity of food insecurity was associated with increased odds of depression. Specifically, adults with very low food security had a 315% significantly increased odds of depression compared to those with full food security (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.15, 95% CI = 3.09 – 5.64, p < 0.05). Females also had a 60% significantly higher odds of depression (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.12 – 2.30, p < 0.05) and higher income levels were significantly associated with lower odds of depression (aOR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.83–0.97, p < 0.05). Our study supports prior research that food insecurity has adverse effects on mental health. These results can be used to inform public health research and interventions for food insecurity and mental health moving forward.
由于各种社会政治因素，全球所有人口中的粮食不安全和精神健康障碍一直在增加。我们的研究考察了食物不安全的严重程度与成年人重度抑郁症的关系。我们分析了2017-2018年全国健康和营养检查调查的数据，其中包括来自美国各地家庭的具有全国代表性的样本。我们的样本仅限于18岁及以上的成年人，因此样本量为5856名参与者。我们使用多元逻辑回归和抽样权重来评估成人食品不安全严重程度是否与重度抑郁症相关。总的来说，食物不安全的严重程度越高，患抑郁症的几率就越高。具体而言，食物保障非常低的成年人患抑郁症的几率比食物保障完全的成年人显著增加315%(校正优势比[aOR] = 4.15, 95% CI = 3.09 - 5.64, p < 0.05)。女性患抑郁症的几率比男性高60% (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.12 ~ 2.30, p < 0.05)，收入水平越高，患抑郁症的几率越低(aOR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.83 ~ 0.97, p < 0.05)。我们的研究支持了先前的研究，即食品不安全对心理健康有不利影响。这些结果可用于为今后的粮食不安全和精神卫生公共卫生研究和干预措施提供信息。
{"title":"Association between food insecurity severity and major depression: Findings from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","authors":"Elizabeth Luke, J. Wallace, R. Wong","doi":"10.36922/ijps.435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.435","url":null,"abstract":"Food insecurity and mental health disorders have been increasing in all populations globally due to a variety of sociopolitical factors. Our study examines how the severity of food insecurity is associated with major depression in adults. We analyzed data from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which includes a nationally representative sample from households across the United States. Our sample was restricted to adults aged 18 and older, resulting in a sample size of 5856 participants. We used a multiple logistic regression with sampling weights applied to evaluate whether adult food insecurity severity is associated with major depression. Overall, higher severity of food insecurity was associated with increased odds of depression. Specifically, adults with very low food security had a 315% significantly increased odds of depression compared to those with full food security (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.15, 95% CI = 3.09 – 5.64, p < 0.05). Females also had a 60% significantly higher odds of depression (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.12 – 2.30, p < 0.05) and higher income levels were significantly associated with lower odds of depression (aOR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.83–0.97, p < 0.05). Our study supports prior research that food insecurity has adverse effects on mental health. These results can be used to inform public health research and interventions for food insecurity and mental health moving forward.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44939330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karina Pisco, F. Ortega, Pilar Martin, Chinedu U. Obioha, D. Curtis
This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of formal and informal messages transmitted to urban and rural communities in Ecuador, on the knowledge of prevention and control of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Six focus groups were carried out with six to eight people per group through Zoom platform, from August 2020 to April 2021; NVivo 12 software was used for the thematic analysis of the data. Thirty-nine people, including male and female, participated in the study with mean age 39 years. Main outcomes included: use of alternative medicine for prevention and control of COVID-19; religious acceptance; impact of COVID-19 on mental health; lack of understanding and knowledge of the disease; and the mixed messages shared through official and unofficial channels about virus prevention and control. The study demonstrates the importance of using formal channels of communication to transmit accurate information, to reach people regardless of their geographical location.
{"title":"An assessment of the impact of formal and informal messages about COVID-19 on the knowledge and practices for prevention and control among rural and urban communities in Ecuador","authors":"Karina Pisco, F. Ortega, Pilar Martin, Chinedu U. Obioha, D. Curtis","doi":"10.36922/ijps.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.406","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of formal and informal messages transmitted to urban and rural communities in Ecuador, on the knowledge of prevention and control of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Six focus groups were carried out with six to eight people per group through Zoom platform, from August 2020 to April 2021; NVivo 12 software was used for the thematic analysis of the data. Thirty-nine people, including male and female, participated in the study with mean age 39 years. Main outcomes included: use of alternative medicine for prevention and control of COVID-19; religious acceptance; impact of COVID-19 on mental health; lack of understanding and knowledge of the disease; and the mixed messages shared through official and unofficial channels about virus prevention and control. The study demonstrates the importance of using formal channels of communication to transmit accurate information, to reach people regardless of their geographical location.","PeriodicalId":73473,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47838811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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