Introduction : The human endosymbiotic actinidic archaea catabolises cholesterol and uses it for its energy metabolism. The ring oxidation of cholesterol generates pyruvate which enters the GABA shunt pathway resulting in the formation of succinyl CoA and glycine used for porphyrin synthesis. The side chain oxidation of cholesterol results in steroid synthesis and the generation of the steroidal glycoside digoxin which serves as an endogenous regulator of the sodium potassium pump inhibiting it. The archaea are magnetotactic and contain the dipolar porphyrins and magnetite. Digoxin by inhibiting the sodium potassium ATPase generates a pumped phonon system involving dipolar porphyrins and magnetite. This generates a frohlich model of Bose-Einstein condensate at normal temperature resulting in quantal perception. The quantal perception can result in perceiving low level of EMF from the environment. This can generate conscious perception. The generation of porphyrins and digoxin in actinidic archaeal neurons was tested in disorders of consciousness schizophrenia and autism. Schizophrenia and autism are both disorders of consciousness. Materials and Methods: Freshly diagnosed schizophrenia and autism based on DSM IV criteria were chosen for the study. Serum cytochrome 450, digoxin synthesis and porphyrin synthesis were studied. There were 10 patients in each group and each patient had an age and sex matched healthy control selected randomly from the general population. The blood samples were drawn in the fasting state before treatment was initiated. Plasma from fasting heparinised blood was used and the experimental protocol was as follows (I) Plasma+phosphate buffered saline, (II) same as I+cholesterol substrate, (III) same as II+cerium 0.1 mg/ml, (IV) same as II+ciprofloxacine and doxycycline each in a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Cholesterol substrate was prepared as described by Richmond. Aliquots were withdrawn at zero time immediately after mixing and after incubation at 37 o C for 1 hour. The following estimations were carried out:- Cytochrome F420, digoxin and ALA.Cytochrome F420 was estimated flourimetrically (excitation wavelength 420 nm and emission wavelength 520 nm). Results: Plasma of control subjects showed increased levels of the above mentioned parameters with after incubation for 1 hour and addition of cholesterol substrate resulted in still further significant increase in these parameters. The plasma of patients showed similar results but the extent of increase was more. The addition of antibiotics to the control plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of cerium increased their levels. The addition of antibiotics to the patient’s plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of cerium increased their levels but the extent of change was more in patient’s sera as compared to controls. Conclusion : The actinidic archaeal induced quantal perceptive mirror neuron function is hyperactive in both disord
{"title":"EndosymbioticActinidicArchaeal Modulated Mirror Quantal Perceptive Neurons Mediate Consciousness and Functions as Quantal Observer","authors":"R. Kurup, P. A. Kurup","doi":"10.3968/4383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/4383","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : The human endosymbiotic actinidic archaea catabolises cholesterol and uses it for its energy metabolism. The ring oxidation of cholesterol generates pyruvate which enters the GABA shunt pathway resulting in the formation of succinyl CoA and glycine used for porphyrin synthesis. The side chain oxidation of cholesterol results in steroid synthesis and the generation of the steroidal glycoside digoxin which serves as an endogenous regulator of the sodium potassium pump inhibiting it. The archaea are magnetotactic and contain the dipolar porphyrins and magnetite. Digoxin by inhibiting the sodium potassium ATPase generates a pumped phonon system involving dipolar porphyrins and magnetite. This generates a frohlich model of Bose-Einstein condensate at normal temperature resulting in quantal perception. The quantal perception can result in perceiving low level of EMF from the environment. This can generate conscious perception. The generation of porphyrins and digoxin in actinidic archaeal neurons was tested in disorders of consciousness schizophrenia and autism. Schizophrenia and autism are both disorders of consciousness. Materials and Methods: Freshly diagnosed schizophrenia and autism based on DSM IV criteria were chosen for the study. Serum cytochrome 450, digoxin synthesis and porphyrin synthesis were studied. There were 10 patients in each group and each patient had an age and sex matched healthy control selected randomly from the general population. The blood samples were drawn in the fasting state before treatment was initiated. Plasma from fasting heparinised blood was used and the experimental protocol was as follows (I) Plasma+phosphate buffered saline, (II) same as I+cholesterol substrate, (III) same as II+cerium 0.1 mg/ml, (IV) same as II+ciprofloxacine and doxycycline each in a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Cholesterol substrate was prepared as described by Richmond. Aliquots were withdrawn at zero time immediately after mixing and after incubation at 37 o C for 1 hour. The following estimations were carried out:- Cytochrome F420, digoxin and ALA.Cytochrome F420 was estimated flourimetrically (excitation wavelength 420 nm and emission wavelength 520 nm). Results: Plasma of control subjects showed increased levels of the above mentioned parameters with after incubation for 1 hour and addition of cholesterol substrate resulted in still further significant increase in these parameters. The plasma of patients showed similar results but the extent of increase was more. The addition of antibiotics to the control plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of cerium increased their levels. The addition of antibiotics to the patient’s plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of cerium increased their levels but the extent of change was more in patient’s sera as compared to controls. Conclusion : The actinidic archaeal induced quantal perceptive mirror neuron function is hyperactive in both disord","PeriodicalId":7348,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"50-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77792119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Sintim, Ivy V. Yeboah-Badu, C. Akotsen-Mensah, K. Ansah
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Pedaliaceae is produced mainly in developing countries where abundant and inexpensive labour is available and usually by small holders. It is cultivated for its edible seeds which is high in nutritious fatty acids. In Africa sesame has in recent years been promoted to diversify agricultural production especially in the Sahel region. It has the potential to become an important field crop in Ghana especially in the drier regions. Unavailable field data on constraints to sesame production including its insect pests may be the reason for its non-commercial cultivation in Ghana. A preliminary survey of arthropods associated with sesame, was conducted in the transitional zone of Ghana during the 2009 growing season. In order to achieve maximum natural infestation, no conscious control measure was adopted. A wide spectrum of arthropods including chewers, suckers, pollinators, scavengers and predators were found. In all 60 insect species and 11 spiders were collected and identified at least to family level. It appears that, Araneae, Coleopterans, Hemipterans, Hymenopterans, Lepidopterans and Orthopterans may be important. These arthropods recorded on sesame in Ghana have several implications for the future. This includes several scenarios where these endemic insects will prefer sesame in a host shift situation; the beneficial populations could be exploited and incorporated as field banker crops in local farming systems, sesame could be used as a trap crop or it could be adopted as an attractor for insect pollinators in tree crop plantations. The description, incidence and dynamics of these important insects and spiders of sesame are discussed.
{"title":"A Faunistic Description of Endemic Arthropods Associated with Sesame","authors":"H. Sintim, Ivy V. Yeboah-Badu, C. Akotsen-Mensah, K. Ansah","doi":"10.3968/4788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/4788","url":null,"abstract":"Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Pedaliaceae is produced mainly in developing countries where abundant and inexpensive labour is available and usually by small holders. It is cultivated for its edible seeds which is high in nutritious fatty acids. In Africa sesame has in recent years been promoted to diversify agricultural production especially in the Sahel region. It has the potential to become an important field crop in Ghana especially in the drier regions. Unavailable field data on constraints to sesame production including its insect pests may be the reason for its non-commercial cultivation in Ghana. A preliminary survey of arthropods associated with sesame, was conducted in the transitional zone of Ghana during the 2009 growing season. In order to achieve maximum natural infestation, no conscious control measure was adopted. A wide spectrum of arthropods including chewers, suckers, pollinators, scavengers and predators were found. In all 60 insect species and 11 spiders were collected and identified at least to family level. It appears that, Araneae, Coleopterans, Hemipterans, Hymenopterans, Lepidopterans and Orthopterans may be important. These arthropods recorded on sesame in Ghana have several implications for the future. This includes several scenarios where these endemic insects will prefer sesame in a host shift situation; the beneficial populations could be exploited and incorporated as field banker crops in local farming systems, sesame could be used as a trap crop or it could be adopted as an attractor for insect pollinators in tree crop plantations. The description, incidence and dynamics of these important insects and spiders of sesame are discussed.","PeriodicalId":7348,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"33-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72709545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-20DOI: 10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.2860
A. Volobuev, P. I. Romanchuk, Vladimir K. Malishev
The existing discrete form of the Hardy-Weinberg genetic law is applicable for a family tree. For population it is necessary to use a continuous time scale. The differential form of the Hardy-Weinberg law is offered. On the basis of this form of the law the demographic problem is considered where oncological diseases connected with the action of the stochastic mutagen factor. Genetic-mathematical aspects of hemophilia are considered in the assumption of the equivalent constant mutagen factor action.
{"title":"Population and Mutagenesis or About Hardy and Weinberg One Methodical Mistake","authors":"A. Volobuev, P. I. Romanchuk, Vladimir K. Malishev","doi":"10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.2860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.2860","url":null,"abstract":"The existing discrete form of the Hardy-Weinberg genetic law is applicable for a family tree. For population it is necessary to use a continuous time scale. The differential form of the Hardy-Weinberg law is offered. On the basis of this form of the law the demographic problem is considered where oncological diseases connected with the action of the stochastic mutagen factor. Genetic-mathematical aspects of hemophilia are considered in the assumption of the equivalent constant mutagen factor action.","PeriodicalId":7348,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81434123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-20DOI: 10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.9024
J. Moreno, M. David, H. Kasai
The interaction of oxygen with Fe nanowire-filled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) was investigated using density functional theory calculations. The adsorption energies and stable structures on different adsorption sites on the Fe nanowire-filled SWCNT were obtained and compared with pristine SWCNT. The results show that the oxygen atom adsorbs strongly on a bridge site on the SWCNT surface in all cases, with weaker adsorption energies for the Fe nanowire-filled cases. Meanwhile, the molecular adsorption was enhanced by the presence of Fe while lowering the energy barrier required for dissociation. Thus, filling with Fe enhances the oxygen reduction capabilities of SWCNTs and makes them better catalysts for various applications such us in hydrogen fuel cells.
{"title":"Interaction of Oxygen With Fe Nanowire-Filled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes","authors":"J. Moreno, M. David, H. Kasai","doi":"10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.9024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.9024","url":null,"abstract":"The interaction of oxygen with Fe nanowire-filled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) was investigated using density functional theory calculations. The adsorption energies and stable structures on different adsorption sites on the Fe nanowire-filled SWCNT were obtained and compared with pristine SWCNT. The results show that the oxygen atom adsorbs strongly on a bridge site on the SWCNT surface in all cases, with weaker adsorption energies for the Fe nanowire-filled cases. Meanwhile, the molecular adsorption was enhanced by the presence of Fe while lowering the energy barrier required for dissociation. Thus, filling with Fe enhances the oxygen reduction capabilities of SWCNTs and makes them better catalysts for various applications such us in hydrogen fuel cells.","PeriodicalId":7348,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73123307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-20DOI: 10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.2716
J. Mazurkiewicz, P. Tomasik
Effect of external electric field (EEF) of 0.001, 0.005 and 0.01 a.u. upon molecular energy, charge distribution and dipole moments of non-dissociated and inner salt forms of alanine (Ala), arginine (Arg), aspartic acid Asp), cysteine (Cys), glutamic acid (Gln), glycine (Gly), isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), ornithine (Orn), proline (Pro), serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), and valine (Val) were studied. For that purpose HyperChem 8.0 software was used together with the AM1 method for optimization of the conformation of the molecules in a computer vacuum. Based on the effect of EEF upon the charge density localized at the nitrogen atom of the α-amino group the acids were divided into two groups. They were Group I in which EEF increased the negative charge (Ala, Gly, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Pro, and Thr) and Group II in which EEF induced opposite effect (Cys, Ser, Tyr and Val). Generally, an increase in the EEF strength declined energy and increased dipole moments in non-ionized amino acids and in their inner salt forms. Energy of non-dissociated forms was more negative than these of corresponding zwitterions. Orientation of the molecules in EEF strongly depended on the EEF strength.
{"title":"Effect of External Electric Field Upon Selected Proteogenic Amino Acids","authors":"J. Mazurkiewicz, P. Tomasik","doi":"10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.2716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.2716","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of external electric field (EEF) of 0.001, 0.005 and 0.01 a.u. upon molecular energy, charge distribution and dipole moments of non-dissociated and inner salt forms of alanine (Ala), arginine (Arg), aspartic acid Asp), cysteine (Cys), glutamic acid (Gln), glycine (Gly), isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), ornithine (Orn), proline (Pro), serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), and valine (Val) were studied. For that purpose HyperChem 8.0 software was used together with the AM1 method for optimization of the conformation of the molecules in a computer vacuum. Based on the effect of EEF upon the charge density localized at the nitrogen atom of the α-amino group the acids were divided into two groups. They were Group I in which EEF increased the negative charge (Ala, Gly, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Pro, and Thr) and Group II in which EEF induced opposite effect (Cys, Ser, Tyr and Val). Generally, an increase in the EEF strength declined energy and increased dipole moments in non-ionized amino acids and in their inner salt forms. Energy of non-dissociated forms was more negative than these of corresponding zwitterions. Orientation of the molecules in EEF strongly depended on the EEF strength.","PeriodicalId":7348,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Science","volume":"43 1","pages":"35-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79637617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-20DOI: 10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020120604.2958
Wusheng Tang, Qinghua Li, S. Ma
This paper creates personnel dispatching model of handling service center using simulation software―WITNESS. It also makes recommendations for improvement and improvement measures via the research and analysis of handling pipeline to achieve the following objectives: improving the efficiency of operating personnel and tooling equipment; reducing the working hours consumption of handling, and reducing costs; reducing the handling efficiency problems due to fewer or lack of personnel; reducing logistics costs of enterprises, including handling with the most rapid speed and staff scheduling; finding bottleneck resources of this center and strategies to address artificial constraints.
{"title":"Simulating Optimum Design of Handling Service Center System Based on WITNESS","authors":"Wusheng Tang, Qinghua Li, S. Ma","doi":"10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020120604.2958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020120604.2958","url":null,"abstract":"This paper creates personnel dispatching model of handling service center using simulation software―WITNESS. It also makes recommendations for improvement and improvement measures via the research and analysis of handling pipeline to achieve the following objectives: improving the efficiency of operating personnel and tooling equipment; reducing the working hours consumption of handling, and reducing costs; reducing the handling efficiency problems due to fewer or lack of personnel; reducing logistics costs of enterprises, including handling with the most rapid speed and staff scheduling; finding bottleneck resources of this center and strategies to address artificial constraints.","PeriodicalId":7348,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"64-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81914002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-20DOI: 10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.2660
Min Zhao
In Newtonian mechanics, the motion of the charge in the magnetic field is the equidistance helical line. It is composed of the uniform motion in magnetic field’s direction and the circular motion in vertical direction. In quantum mechanics, its motion is the two-dimensional resonance. Its energy level is separate. Its wave function is probability. With this theory, magnetic focusing is explained to that a large number of charge moving in the magnetic field is not 100% at a point. They will be dispersed according to probability.
{"title":"Classical and Quantum Explanation of the Magnetic Focusing","authors":"Min Zhao","doi":"10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.2660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.2660","url":null,"abstract":"In Newtonian mechanics, the motion of the charge in the magnetic field is the equidistance helical line. It is composed of the uniform motion in magnetic field’s direction and the circular motion in vertical direction. In quantum mechanics, its motion is the two-dimensional resonance. Its energy level is separate. Its wave function is probability. With this theory, magnetic focusing is explained to that a large number of charge moving in the magnetic field is not 100% at a point. They will be dispersed according to probability.","PeriodicalId":7348,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"51-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78675415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-20DOI: 10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.2889
Yuhui Zhu
The paper aims to discuss the influence of Astragalus Polysacharin (APS) on hormones regulating blood glucose in active rats. The experiment was conducted to detect the plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations in swimming rats in different states. The result of the experiment showed that the ASP-injected rat group had higher plasma insulin and glucagon concentration, compared with that of the pure-water-drinking rat group (control group). After one-hour swimming, the APS-injected rat group had higher glucagon concentration than that of the control group (P<0.05); when just fatigued, the APS-injected group showed evidently higher plasma insulin concentration, compared with the control group (P<0.01). The conclusion is drawn that APS can enhance the release of plasma insulin and glucagon in active rats; promote their compatibility effect in the process of glycogen synthesis and storage, hence increasing glycogen reserves. It can delay fatigue caused by hypoglycemia, and accelerate physical recovery from exercise-induced fatigue.
{"title":"Effect of APS on Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose in Active Rats","authors":"Yuhui Zhu","doi":"10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.2889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.2889","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to discuss the influence of Astragalus Polysacharin (APS) on hormones regulating blood glucose in active rats. The experiment was conducted to detect the plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations in swimming rats in different states. The result of the experiment showed that the ASP-injected rat group had higher plasma insulin and glucagon concentration, compared with that of the pure-water-drinking rat group (control group). After one-hour swimming, the APS-injected rat group had higher glucagon concentration than that of the control group (P<0.05); when just fatigued, the APS-injected group showed evidently higher plasma insulin concentration, compared with the control group (P<0.01). The conclusion is drawn that APS can enhance the release of plasma insulin and glucagon in active rats; promote their compatibility effect in the process of glycogen synthesis and storage, hence increasing glycogen reserves. It can delay fatigue caused by hypoglycemia, and accelerate physical recovery from exercise-induced fatigue.","PeriodicalId":7348,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Science","volume":"32 1","pages":"75-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77494914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-20DOI: 10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.2858
M. M. Matute
An investigation of the soil nematodes associated with Brassica rapa and the effects of temperature and pH on their populations was carried out. The nematodes recovered were categorized into three ecologically functional groups; Nitrogen Releasing Nematodes (NRN, bacterial- and fungal- feeders), Plant-Parasitic Nematodes (PPN), and Pest Suppressor Nematodes (PSN, Carnivorous or predatory (Ca) and Omnivorous (Om), nematodes). While over 67% of the NRN were bacterial feeding nematodes (Ba 2 ), dominated by Plectus and Acrobeloides; over 65% of the PPN were contributed by the Pl 3 nematodes dominated by Helicotylenchus mucronatus and Rotylenchus buxophilus ; and the PSN were dominated (over 63%) by the omnivores (Om 4 ; Mesodorylaimus and Dorylaimus). Populations of all the nematode categories recovered fluctuated significantly (P < 0.01) during the sampling period. All the nematode groups were similarly weakly negatively correlated with pH and temperature. Approximately 1000 H. mucronatus nematodes/100 mL of soil was recorded. This is 10x the value for which the management of PPN is recommended. The entire soil nematode food web structure was represented in the nematodes recovered, all groups of nematodes responded similarly to environmental changes, all groups of nematodes tended to be acidophilic and thermophobic, and the PPN could potentially be a threat for profitable B. rapa production.
{"title":"Soil Nematodes of Brassica rapa: Influence of Temperature and pH","authors":"M. M. Matute","doi":"10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.2858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.2858","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation of the soil nematodes associated with Brassica rapa and the effects of temperature and pH on their populations was carried out. The nematodes recovered were categorized into three ecologically functional groups; Nitrogen Releasing Nematodes (NRN, bacterial- and fungal- feeders), Plant-Parasitic Nematodes (PPN), and Pest Suppressor Nematodes (PSN, Carnivorous or predatory (Ca) and Omnivorous (Om), nematodes). While over 67% of the NRN were bacterial feeding nematodes (Ba 2 ), dominated by Plectus and Acrobeloides; over 65% of the PPN were contributed by the Pl 3 nematodes dominated by Helicotylenchus mucronatus and Rotylenchus buxophilus ; and the PSN were dominated (over 63%) by the omnivores (Om 4 ; Mesodorylaimus and Dorylaimus). Populations of all the nematode categories recovered fluctuated significantly (P < 0.01) during the sampling period. All the nematode groups were similarly weakly negatively correlated with pH and temperature. Approximately 1000 H. mucronatus nematodes/100 mL of soil was recorded. This is 10x the value for which the management of PPN is recommended. The entire soil nematode food web structure was represented in the nematodes recovered, all groups of nematodes responded similarly to environmental changes, all groups of nematodes tended to be acidophilic and thermophobic, and the PPN could potentially be a threat for profitable B. rapa production.","PeriodicalId":7348,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82947814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-20DOI: 10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.9026
C. Telloli, F. Coren, E. Marrocchino, C. Vaccaro
Po Valley and Friuli Plain in Italy and Belgian Plain in Europe, are areas with the highest concentration of solid particulate matter in all the world (European Space Agency, 2004). This implies that those areas does not respect the limits imposed by European Parliament in 2008. Aim of this study is the characterization of the particulate matter, through direct sampling in atmosphere to define physical properties and source of this particulate. A first campaign has been carried out in June-July 2009 in the Po Valley during farming activities of threshing, by means of a small aircraft (Cessna172P), that has been used as platform for collecting measure particles. Particle concentration has been measured for five aerodynamic equivalent diameters (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0µm) using a laser counter (LIGHTHOUSE HH3016). The acquisition has been carried out vertically profiling the atmosphere from 150 to 2400m. SEM, as well as SEM-EDS analysis on single particles, have been carried out with the aim to obtain detailed dimensional and morphological information to define origin, toxicity and the nature of organic matter (Germani & Buseck, 1991; Grassi, Narducci, & Tognotti, 2004).
{"title":"Vertical Profiles of Airborne PM in Po Valley During Wheat Harvest Activities","authors":"C. Telloli, F. Coren, E. Marrocchino, C. Vaccaro","doi":"10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.9026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3968/J.ANS.1715787020130604.9026","url":null,"abstract":"Po Valley and Friuli Plain in Italy and Belgian Plain in Europe, are areas with the highest concentration of solid particulate matter in all the world (European Space Agency, 2004). This implies that those areas does not respect the limits imposed by European Parliament in 2008. Aim of this study is the characterization of the particulate matter, through direct sampling in atmosphere to define physical properties and source of this particulate. A first campaign has been carried out in June-July 2009 in the Po Valley during farming activities of threshing, by means of a small aircraft (Cessna172P), that has been used as platform for collecting measure particles. Particle concentration has been measured for five aerodynamic equivalent diameters (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0µm) using a laser counter (LIGHTHOUSE HH3016). The acquisition has been carried out vertically profiling the atmosphere from 150 to 2400m. SEM, as well as SEM-EDS analysis on single particles, have been carried out with the aim to obtain detailed dimensional and morphological information to define origin, toxicity and the nature of organic matter (Germani & Buseck, 1991; Grassi, Narducci, & Tognotti, 2004).","PeriodicalId":7348,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Natural Science","volume":"207 1","pages":"27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77488390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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