Ana Gabriela Hounie, Maria Conceição do Rosario-Campos, Juliana Belo Diniz, Roseli Gendaki Shavitt, Ygor A Ferrão, Antonio Carlos Lopes, Marcos T Mercadante, Geraldo F Busatto, Euripedes Constantino Miguel
{"title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder in Tourette syndrome.","authors":"Ana Gabriela Hounie, Maria Conceição do Rosario-Campos, Juliana Belo Diniz, Roseli Gendaki Shavitt, Ygor A Ferrão, Antonio Carlos Lopes, Marcos T Mercadante, Geraldo F Busatto, Euripedes Constantino Miguel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7356,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology","volume":"99 ","pages":"22-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25903758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The syndrome of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis: clinical features and differential diagnosis.","authors":"R Mark Sadler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7356,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology","volume":"97 ","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25774386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synaptic properties and connectivity of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons are modified in CA1 hippocampus of the KA model of epilepsy (Fig. 1). These changes affect interneurons that target dendritic areas of principal cells and have important consequences for network activity and hyperexcitability. Some of these changes contribute to hyperexcitability, while others likely develop to compensate for the hyperexcitability of the network. However, some of these "compensatory" changes might also paradoxically contribute to hyperexcitability and epileptogenesis.
{"title":"Selective degeneration and synaptic reorganization of hippocampal interneurons in a chronic model of temporal lobe epilepsy.","authors":"Stéphanie Ratté, Jean-Claude Lacaille","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synaptic properties and connectivity of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons are modified in CA1 hippocampus of the KA model of epilepsy (Fig. 1). These changes affect interneurons that target dendritic areas of principal cells and have important consequences for network activity and hyperexcitability. Some of these changes contribute to hyperexcitability, while others likely develop to compensate for the hyperexcitability of the network. However, some of these \"compensatory\" changes might also paradoxically contribute to hyperexcitability and epileptogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7356,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology","volume":"97 ","pages":"69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25774390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neocortical epilepsy: aspects distinguishing intractable from benign neocortical epilepsies.","authors":"J C Martin del Campo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7356,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology","volume":"97 ","pages":"105-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25774394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The high-resolution, phased array, or surface coil techniques offer promise of improvements in diagnosis of cortical abnormalities. Further prospective studies in larger numbers of patients will be needed to determine the exact improvement, which might be expected from experienced image interpreters. Combining high-resolution imaging with MEG would seem to be the best noninvasive way of accurately localizing seizure foci, and any potential anatomic derangements, currently available to us.
{"title":"High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), surface coil MRI, and magnetoencephalography.","authors":"Donald H Lee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The high-resolution, phased array, or surface coil techniques offer promise of improvements in diagnosis of cortical abnormalities. Further prospective studies in larger numbers of patients will be needed to determine the exact improvement, which might be expected from experienced image interpreters. Combining high-resolution imaging with MEG would seem to be the best noninvasive way of accurately localizing seizure foci, and any potential anatomic derangements, currently available to us.</p>","PeriodicalId":7356,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology","volume":"97 ","pages":"279-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25775492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychological treatment in intractable epilepsy: approaches, evidence, and future directions.","authors":"Paul A Derry","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7356,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology","volume":"97 ","pages":"375-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25775504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Even with all the newer diagnostic tools, including MRI with multiple sequences, evoked potentials, CSF studies, and so forth, multiple sclerosis remains a clinical diagnosis. In the past it was, to a large extent, a wastebasket diagnosis. Since we really could not do much about it, if our diagnosis was wrong it really didn't matter a great deal. Now, with an increasing number of effective therapies and with good therapies for some of the MS mimics, accurate diagnosis is a must. In addition to the cost of treatment, many of the current treatments such as Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) are not benign and we should not subject our patients to unnecessary harmful therapies.
{"title":"Multiple sclerosis mimics.","authors":"Robert M Herndon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Even with all the newer diagnostic tools, including MRI with multiple sequences, evoked potentials, CSF studies, and so forth, multiple sclerosis remains a clinical diagnosis. In the past it was, to a large extent, a wastebasket diagnosis. Since we really could not do much about it, if our diagnosis was wrong it really didn't matter a great deal. Now, with an increasing number of effective therapies and with good therapies for some of the MS mimics, accurate diagnosis is a must. In addition to the cost of treatment, many of the current treatments such as Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) are not benign and we should not subject our patients to unnecessary harmful therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7356,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology","volume":"98 ","pages":"161-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25790215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: distinction from multiple sclerosis and treatment issues.","authors":"Dean M Wingerchuk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7356,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology","volume":"98 ","pages":"303-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25790223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The myelin basic protein gene: a prototype for combinatorial mammalian transcriptional regulation.","authors":"Hooman F Farhadi, Alan C Peterson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7356,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology","volume":"98 ","pages":"65-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25790355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preclinical models, if used appropriately, can greatly accelerate the understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders. A number of animal models have predictive validity for antidopaminergic compounds that have traditionally been used to suppress motor and vocal tics in TS. Other models have been proposed that may have construct validity for specific hypotheses of infectious/immune and neural circuit etiologies of TS. A more comprehensive set of models is described, based on the hypothesis that primary symptoms of TS, including sensory tics and premonitory urges, result from dysfunction in brain mechanisms that regulate sensorimotor gating. These models utilize operational measures of central gating mechanisms, including PPI of the startle reflex, to achieve predictive validity across a number of different chemical classes of drugs, and to achieve construct validity across broad domains of neurodevelopmental, immune and genetic etiologies of TS. PPI-based animal models offer a number of strong advantages for predictive and mechanistic studies of TS. Ultimately, the utility of these "deficient gating" models will be judged by their ability to bring us closer to identifying the causes and effective treatments of this disorder.
{"title":"Preclinical models relevant to Tourette syndrome.","authors":"Neal R Swerdlow, Ashley N Sutherland","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preclinical models, if used appropriately, can greatly accelerate the understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders. A number of animal models have predictive validity for antidopaminergic compounds that have traditionally been used to suppress motor and vocal tics in TS. Other models have been proposed that may have construct validity for specific hypotheses of infectious/immune and neural circuit etiologies of TS. A more comprehensive set of models is described, based on the hypothesis that primary symptoms of TS, including sensory tics and premonitory urges, result from dysfunction in brain mechanisms that regulate sensorimotor gating. These models utilize operational measures of central gating mechanisms, including PPI of the startle reflex, to achieve predictive validity across a number of different chemical classes of drugs, and to achieve construct validity across broad domains of neurodevelopmental, immune and genetic etiologies of TS. PPI-based animal models offer a number of strong advantages for predictive and mechanistic studies of TS. Ultimately, the utility of these \"deficient gating\" models will be judged by their ability to bring us closer to identifying the causes and effective treatments of this disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":7356,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurology","volume":"99 ","pages":"69-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25903761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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