Journal of advanced periodontology & implant dentistry最新文献

Background: Immediate molar implants (IMIs) have been shown to provide an effective treatment, but their placement comes with potential anatomically related risks.

Methods: CBCTs of>400 dental sites were analyzed for key anatomical features at mandibular molar sites that can impact the placement of IMIs. Features measured included distances from each molar furcation to points risking lingual plate perforation or inferior alveolar nerve (IAC) damage, distances from molar root apices to IAC, mesiodistal and buccolingual widths of molar inter-septal bone (ISB), and thicknesses of buccal and lingual cortical plates at first and second mandibular molar sites.

Results: Distances from molar furcations to contact with lingual cortical plates and to IAC decreased significantly from mesial to distal, as did distances from root apices to the mandibular canal. Both buccolingual and mesiodistal ISB widths and thicknesses of buccal and lingual cortical plates increased mesiodistally. Buccolingual ISB widths were largest coronally for both molar sites and decreased apically. The reverse was found with mesiodistal septal ISB widths, which increased coronoapically.

Conclusion: Risks of lingual perforations or IAC damage were significantly greater at second molars vs. first molars. The ability to place IMIs in ISB at first molars was estimated to be>twice as often as at second molars. Maximal implant lengths for IMIs placed in the furcal bone should not exceed 10 mm.

Background: Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder that manifests itself in several organs. There is little consensus in the literature on oral manifestations, particularly dental and periodontal. This study aimed to identify the oral manifestations of sickle cell disease, focusing on dental and periodontal manifestations.

Methods: An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and African Index Medicus. Quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the 2013 Guideline CARE. This systematic review covered research published between 2000 and 2022.

Results: A total of 962 articles were identified, 26 of which were selected, including 13 case-control studies, 4 cohort studies, 7 cross-sectional studies, and 2 case reports. The risk of bias was high for 3.84% of the studies, medium for 38.46%, and low for 57.60%. Oral manifestations were reported in 24 studies, with a predominance of periodontal ones in 10 studies. An association between sickle cell disease and dental caries, pulpal necrosis, and delayed tooth eruption has been reported.

Conclusion: Several oral manifestations, particularly periodontal, of sickle cell disease have been reported. However, current data do not provide evidence of a possible association between sickle cell disease and oral symptoms, particularly periodontal manifestations.

Dental autotransplantation (DAT) is an effective technique for replacing missing teeth. This case report presents a novel computer-assisted approach using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for 3D planning. A 15-year-old female with a hopeless molar due to failed endodontic treatment underwent DAT. Following 3D planning, the donor tooth was surgically extracted and transplanted into the prepared socket, followed by semi-rigid splinting. A meticulous 42-month clinical and radiographic follow-up demonstrated the success and stability of the procedure. This innovative method emphasizes the role of advanced computer technology and 3D imaging in enhancing surgical precision and treatment outcomes. Within the limitations of this case report, DAT, combined with computer-assisted planning, proved a reliable and predictable treatment option for replacing hopeless teeth, particularly in young patients. This approach showed the potential of DAT to transform tooth replacement strategies with better accuracy and decision-making.

In the current report, we discuss the available treatment options and present a successfully treated periodontal-endodontic lesion using autogenous peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSCs) and platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM). A patient presented with a complaint of food impaction and bad breath. Clinically, the lower right first molar was non-vital and had a deep periodontal pocket and attachment loss. Radiographically, the distal root had an angular bone loss extending to the apex. The endodontic condition was treated with chemomechanical debridement, calcium hydroxide dressing, and obturation. Later, we reflected a full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap and thoroughly debrided the granulation tissue. We filled the defect with a gel containing PBMSCs and PRFM, prepared from the patient's peripheral blood, and sutured the flap. After nine months, we noticed significant osseous fill and 5 mm of gain in the clinical attachment level. The outcomes of the case show the periodontal regenerative potential of the novel combination.

Background: This study compared tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interlukin-1β (IL-1β) concentrations in the saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with gingivitis and periodontitis and healthy individuals.

Methods: In this study, 45 patients (n=15 in each group) were selected, and the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in their salivary and GCF samples were measured using the ELISA method. Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way analysis of variance, post hoc Bonferroni test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data.

Results: According to the results of the post hoc Bonferroni test, the mean salivary and GCF levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in healthy individuals were significantly lower than those with periodontitis (P<0.05) and gingivitis (P<0.05). Also, the mean levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the saliva and GCF of patients with periodontitis were significantly higher than patients with gingivitis (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, saliva, like GCF, can be considered a source for monitoring the markers related to periodontal disease. However, more uniformity was observed in GCF than in saliva in terms of alignment of markers secretion.

Periodontal bony defects pose a significant challenge in periodontology, necessitating advanced regenerative approaches to restore the lost structures. Stem cell-based therapies have emerged as a promising solution due to their ability to differentiate into various cells, modulating the regenerative microenvironment. This narrative review explores the potential of stem cells derived from multiple sources in treating periodontal bony defects. Additionally, we examine evidence from both animal and human studies, highlighting advancements, clinical outcomes, and limitations. By investigating these findings, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the advantages of stem cell-based therapies compared to other regenerative techniques in addressing periodontal bony defects and discusses the limitations of their translation into routine clinical practice.

Background: Herbal extracts have gained attention for their potential benefits in promoting oral health and preventing dental caries and periodontal diseases. This study evaluated the antimicrobial effects and cytotoxicity of ethanolic extracts of Salvia officinalis and Juglans regia, both individually and in combination, against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, and Candida albicans, microorganisms associated with oral diseases.

Methods: In this in vitro study, the hydroalcoholic (ethanolic) extracts of J. regia and S. officinalis were prepared using the maceration method. To determine the antimicrobial effectiveness, the zone of inhibition in the disk agar diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed for each extract, separately and in combination. The extracts' cytotoxicity was investigated at their effective doses using the MTT (methyl thiazole tetrazolium) assay.

Results: Compared to the negative control, ethanolic extracts of S. officinalis and J. regia exhibited a significant inhibitory effect (P<0.001) on S. mutans and L. casei. Salvia officinalis extract exhibited antimicrobial activities, as evidenced by the MIC values of 237.5 µg/mL for S. mutans, 118.7 µg/mL for Lactobacillus casei, and 31.25 mg/mL for C. albicans. The ethanolic extract of Juglans regia exhibited MIC values of 29.6 µg/mL for S. mutans, 475 µg/mL for L. casei, and 15.62 mg/mL for C. albicans, respectively. MTT assay results showed that the extracts had no cytotoxic effects at the MIC on the L929 cell line; however, pure chlorhexidine was toxic at 0.2% concentration.

Conclusion: The study results revealed that the ethanolic extracts of S. officinalis and J. regia and their combined application showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms pertinent to oral health. In addition, cytotoxicity evaluations indicated that these extracts are non-toxic to the L929 cell line at effective concentrations.

Background: Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a signaling molecule used successfully in periodontal regeneration. This review aims to evaluate histologic evidence of the effect of FGF2 on the regeneration of periodontal ligament (PDL), cementum, and alveolar bone in animal studies.

Methods: A scoping review of the animal models was conducted to assess the histologic evidence of the effect of FGF2 on periodontal regeneration. The search was performed for English articles published until January 1, 2025. Any histologic findings regarding PDL, cementum, or bone regeneration and other outcomes such as epithelial down-growth, ankylosis, neovascularization, root resorption, and any clinical observation through histologic or radiographic analysis were considered as desired outcomes.

Results: The MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched, and 516 records were identified. After the screening, 22 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The primary outcomes measured were any histologic findings regarding the regeneration of PDL, cementum, and alveolar bone. The included studies investigated the effect of FGF2 on the various periodontal defects, including 1-, 2-, and 3-wall vertical defects, circumferential defects, furcation involvement, and recession-type defects. In all types of defects, PDL, cementum, and alveolar bone formation were enhanced in most groups containing FGF2 compared to groups without FGF2. Most studies mentioned better radiographic results regarding bone formation or bone fill.

Conclusion: FGF2 can promote regeneration in all parts of periodontal tissue in surgically created periodontal defects in animal models, including cementum, PDL, and alveolar bone.

Background: Dental implant therapy is a top option for replacing lost or unsalvageable teeth. The most common placement protocols are immediate and delayed. A key factor for successful treatment is the stability of the marginal bone, which can be evaluated through radiography and salivary biomarkers. This study evaluated the relationship between salivary alkaline phosphatase levels and the alveolar crest bone height in immediate and delayed implants.

Methods: This study involved 62 patients: 31 for immediate and 31 for delayed implant placement in posterior jaw regions. Unstimulated saliva (5 mL) was collected from all the patients before surgery and at 14- and 4-month postoperative intervals to assess salivary alkaline phosphatase activity using spectrophotometry. Intraoral periapical digital radiographs were taken immediately after surgery and 2 and 4 months postoperatively to evaluate alveolar crest bone height. Measurements at the mesial and distal implant sites were analyzed using Scanora software.

Results: No significant differences were found in salivary alkaline phosphatase activity or alveolar crest bone resorption based on gender, implant timing, or jaw region (P>0.05). However, patient age significantly correlated with alkaline phosphatase activity and bone resorption (P<0.05). There was no correlation between alkaline phosphatase levels and alveolar crest bone height.

Conclusion: Salivary alkaline phosphatase cannot be considered a reliable diagnostic biomarker for evaluating the condition of the alveolar crest bone around dental implants.

Background: Subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) is considered the gold standard in the treatment of gingival recession. Donor site morbidity has led to the introduction of non-autogenous grafts such as acellular dermal matrix (ADM). This systematic review compared SCTG with ADM to treat root coverage in Miller's Class I and Class II gingival recession.

Methods: Articles in PubMed (11), Scopus (1), EBSCO (2), and Google Scholar (1) were incorporated in this study. The studies included randomized controlled trials from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2022. Studies that compared root coverage and reduction in recession depth using SCTG and ADM grafts were included in the review. Fourteen randomized control trials (RCTs) were included in this systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. The risk bias assessment was assessed using the ROBINS-2 tool.

Results: Of the 14 included studies, 11 articles concluded that ADM is as effective as SCTG for treating root coverage in Class I and Class II gingival recession. However, 3 studies showed a statistically significant difference between SCTG and ADM results, indicating better root coverage achieved with SCTG than with ADM.

Conclusion: ADMs may be an alternative treatment in cases where multiple areas of recession where SCTGs harvested from the palate area would be insufficient.