Journal of advanced periodontology & implant dentistry最新文献

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) and one of its main presentations, desquamative gingivitis, are common diseases with no definite treatment. Zinc deficiency has a critical role in the pathogenesis of oral mucosal diseases. The current study systematically reviewed the effect of zinc in addition to topical corticosteroids in the treatment of OLP.

Methods: English articles in PubMed, Web of Sciences, Embase, and Scopus were searched until August 2022. The differences in symptoms were analyzed, including pain, burning sensation, and lesion sizes in patients with lichen planus receiving zinc supplementation as an adjuvant to corticosteroid treatment.

Results: A total of 148 articles related to the searched keywords were found. Eventually, two clinical trials were selected. The total population of studied individuals included 60 patients. Due to the high heterogeneity between the studies, meta-analysis was not possible. Administering zinc, in addition to corticosteroids, did not improve the symptoms compared to corticosteroid monotherapy.

Conclusion: Considering the limited number of studies and lack of sufficient evidence, it is not currently possible to reach a definite conclusion regarding the effects of zinc on OLP.

Background: This study was conducted to compare the pain levels in patients and the clinical efficacy of grafts obtained using two techniques, namely de-epithelialized gingival graft (DGG) and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG), in combination with coronally advanced flap (CAF) for the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recessions.

Methods: Twelve patients were treated using DGG+CAF on one side and SCTG+CAF on the other. The patients' pain levels at the surgical site, the number of analgesics taken on days 3 and 7, the mean root coverage (MRC), the percentage of complete root coverage (CRC), color match, and gingival thickness (GT) at the graft recipient site were evaluated 6 months after surgery.

Results: The total number of analgesics taken during the 7-day period after surgery and pain levels at the surgical site from day 3 to day 7 were significantly higher in the DGG+CAF group compared to the SCTG+CAF group (P=0.001). In the 6-month follow-up, color match and CRC were significantly higher in the SCTG+CAF group, while GT was significantly higher in the DGG+CAF group. There was no significant difference in MRC between the two groups.

Conclusion: The pain and analgesic consumption levels were higher in the DGG+CAF group compared to the SCTG+CAF group, and the recipient site had a weaker color match. However, this technique can lead to a greater increase in the thickness of the grafted area.

Background: The success rate of dental implants diminishes over time; the lack of osseointegration and infection are the major causes of most implant failures. One of the effective methods to improve the surface properties is to irradiate ultraviolet (UV) light. This study investigated the effect of UV photofunctionalization on the ultrasuperficial properties of sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) titanium discs.

Methods: In this in vitro study, 24 sandblasted and acid-etched titanium discs, with a lifespan of more than four weeks, were categorized into three groups (n=8): control, ultraviolet C (UVC), and ultraviolet B (UVB). Then, they were exposed to a UV light source for 48 hours at a 1-cm distance. In addition to measuring the contact angle between the liquid and the disc surface in each of the three groups, the atomic concentrations of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms were measured at three different sites on each disc. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests were used to analyze data.

Results: The mean concentration of carbon atoms significantly differed in the control, UVC, and UVB groups (P<0.001). The mean concentrations of nitrogen atoms differed significantly between the three groups (P<0.001). However, the mean concentrations of oxygen atoms were not significantly different between the three groups. In examining the contact angle, wettability was higher in the UVC group than in the UVB group and higher in the UBV group than in the control group.

Conclusion: Photofunctionalization with UV light significantly decreased carbon and nitrogen concentrations on the surface of titanium implants, indicating that the implant's superficial hydrocarbons were eliminated. It was observed that UVC photofunctionalization was more effective than UVB photofunctionalization in reducing superficial contamination and improving wettability.

Background: Limited data are available on the effect of mouthwashes containing Iranian propolis on plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) in patients with chronic gingivitis. The present study compared the effects of propolis and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwashes in patients with chronic gingivitis due to plaque accumulation.

Methods: In the present interventional study, 28 patients 18‒50 years of age with generalized chronic gingivitis were assigned to two groups (n=14). Periodontal parameters, including PI and GI, were determined in all the subjects at baseline. Groups A and B received CHX and propolis mouthwashes, respectively. All the subjects used the mouthwashes for two weeks. Then all the parameters were evaluated gain. Independent t-test was used to compare the periodontal parameters between the two groups. Paired t-test was used for intra-group comparisons. Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05.

Results: Two weeks after using the mouthwashes, the mean PI in the CHX group (21.71±1.63) was significantly lower than that in the propolis group (33.91±5.96). However, the mean PI and GI in the propolis group decreased significantly compared to the baseline (P=0.00).

Conclusion: Propolis significantly decreased the mean plaque and gingival inflammation in patients with chronic gingivitis. Although the reduction in PI in the propolis group was a little less than in the CHX group, the efficacy of propolis in reducing GI was comparable to CHX.

Background: Xenograft and allograft bone substitutes are widely used to replace the missing bone in defects. Since removing the packaging of these grafts can nullify their sterilization, this study aimed to evaluate the sterility and bioactivity changes of an allograft and a xenograft following uncapping/recap.

Methods: Two types of commercial allograft and xenograft vials were unpacked and further exposed to operating room air, where implant surgery was performed for one second, ten minutes, and one hour. After three repetitions, samples were analyzed using microbiological tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) for sterility and bioactivity evaluation.

Results: None of the bone graft samples showed microbial growth or bioactivity-negative changes after seven days of unpacking the vials.

Conclusion: Despite the positive results of this study, future studies and more analysis considering influential factors are required. Also, disinfection and air exchange must still be observed during biomaterial application and bone grafting procedures.

Background: Tightening and loosening of the prosthetic components of the implant are carried out with various screw designs. This study compared the rate of deformation of the abutment screw in two hexagonal and star screw head designs after consecutive tightening and loosening.

Methods: In this study, two fixtures were mounted vertically in die stone blocks using a surveyor. Then the corresponding abutment (with a diameter of 4.5 mm and a gingival height of 2 mm; Dio-SM and Dio-UF system) was mounted on each fixture. In each fixture, six abutment screws from each manufacturer were used (12 abutment screws in total). The abutment screw head of the Dio-UF system is hexagonal, and the abutment screw head of the Dio-SM system is star-shaped. The samples were examined under a stereomicroscope (Nikon C-DS) at a magnification of×50. The image of each abutment screw head (6 abutment screws in each group) was prepared before the procedural steps and after 5, 10, and 15 times of tightening and loosening with 25-Ncm torque using a stereomicroscope. Then the differences in the surface areas of consecutive specimens (0, 5, 10, and 15 consecutive tightening and loosening rounds) between hexagonal and star-shaped abutment screws were calculated. The study results were reported via descriptive statistical methods (mean±standard deviation). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24, and the significance level was defined at P<0.05.

Results: Increasing the number of tightening and loosening rounds increased the screw head surface area in both hexagonal and star shapes. At all stages, the changes in the star-shaped screw head were greater than in the hexagonal screw. These changes were statistically significant at all stages (P<0.05). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the area values and the number of tightening and loosening rounds separately in both screw types (P<0.001). Also, the surface areas of the head of both screws in all tightening and loosening rounds were significantly different (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Increasing the number of tightening and loosening rounds increased the screw head surface area in both hexagonal and star-shaped geometrical forms. Also, the extent of area changes at all stages in star-shaped screw heads was greater than in hexagonal screws.

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory condition with unknown etiology. This condition has been associated with Helicobacter pylori. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the treatment of H. pylori infection and improvements in OLP lesions.

Methods: In this cohort study, 42 patients with erosive or ulcerative OLP lesions were evaluated in terms of H. pylori infection using the H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test. The patients were divided into three groups. The first group consisted of 12 H. pylori-negative patients. The second group consisted of 21 H. pylori-positive patients receiving antibacterial treatment. The third group included nine H. pylori-positive patients not willing to receive treatment. All the three groups underwent the usual OLP treatment. Patients in the second and third groups were re-evaluated by the HpSA test after two months. The efficacy indexes and visual analog scale were used to evaluate clinical improvements.

Results: The efficiency index and pain scores were affected by the intervention (P<0.001). The logistic regression analysis showed that the severity index before treatment was significantly effective (OR=0.745 (95% CI: 0.602‒0.923; P=0.007). No statistical significance for factors affecting other variables (P>0.05) was obtained.

Conclusion: Pain intensity was higher in patients with H. pylori than in those without H. pylori before treatment. Also, in patients with H. pylori, the treatment affects the complete recovery rate.

Background: Pain after periodontal surgeries is one of the most common complications. Echium amoenum is among the important therapeutic herbs in Iranian traditional medicine. Various studies have shown its pain control properties. This study aimed to evaluate this herb's efficacy in controlling pain after periodontal surgeries.

Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 50 patients referred to Tabriz Dental School for clinical crown lengthening surgery were divided into two equal groups: control and test. In the test group (using E. amoenum), 24 hours before surgery, E. amoenum was administered to the patient at home every 12 hours, and a dose of E. amoenum was administered one hour before the procedure. The postoperative pain was assessed using VAS 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 3 hours after the surgery and verbal rating scale (VRS) 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively. A chi-square test was used to compare the pain severity between the two groups.

Results: The VAS index was significantly lower in the E. amoenum group compared to the control group (30 minutes, 1 hour, and 3 hours after the procedure) (P<0.05). In both groups, pain severity increased significantly up to 3 hours postoperatively (P<0.05). In the first 24 hours, the VRS index of the E. amoenum group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), with no significant differences between the two groups at 48 and 72 hours (P>0.05).

Conclusion: The E. amoenum herb reduced the pain severity after clinical crown lengthening surgeries.

Background: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) plays a vital role in some destructive forms of periodontitis. While mechanical and chemical plaque control is the first step in periodontitis treatment, side effects of adjunctive chemical agents such as chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash have led to the application of natural alternatives with minimal side effects. Therefore, this study evaluated the antibacterial effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Quercus infectoria (Qi) galls on Aa in vitro.

Methods: The hydroalcoholic extract of Qi was obtained by the maceration method, and Aa bacterial strain was cultured. The inhibition zone diameter was measured through the agar well diffusion method. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were determined by the broth microdilution method. All the experiments were repeated three times. 0.2% CHX was used as a control.

Results: The inhibition zone diameter of Aa increased with increasing concentration of Qi extract. While MIC and MBC values for CHX were 0.0039 and 0.0078 mg/mL, respectively, both MIC and MBC values of the Qi extract for this bacterium were similar, i.e., 2.5 mg/mL, which was significantly higherd.

Conclusion: Since other in vivo studies have confirmed the other properties of this extract and its safety in terms of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity, hydroalcoholic extract of Qi may be used in mouthwashes or local delivery systems to affect periodontal biofilm.

Background: Horizontal ridge augmentation surgeries are common procedures in periodontics. Histological changes in soft tissues affect the success of surgery in many ways. Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) increases interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and causes inflammation modulation. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of ACS on histological changes and gene expression of soft tissues after horizontal ridge augmentation surgeries.

Methods: This double-blind split-mouth clinical trial was performed on patients needing implants with horizontal ridge augmentation (n=21). The control and intervention groups were considered split-mouth in two areas of the patients' oral soft tissues. A collagen membrane impregnated with ACS was used on the test side, and only a collagen membrane was used on the control side. After four months, histological changes in soft tissues, such as the amount of connective tissue collagen, fibroblast and inflammatory cell counts, and expression of the IL-1β gene, were evaluated.

Results: The fibroblast counts in the ACS group were significantly higher than in the control group. In addition, ACS caused a significant increase in the amount of collagen in the soft tissues compared to the control group (P<0.01). However, the number of inflammatory cells was similar in the two groups (P>0.05). IL-1β gene expression was not significantly different between the case and control groups.

Conclusion: Under the limitations of the present study and based on the results of histological examinations, ACS increased the number of fibroblasts and the amount of collagen in soft tissues without affecting inflammatory cells (P=0.562).