Journal of advanced periodontology & implant dentistry最新文献

Background: Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has been introduced as an alternative to autogenous grafts. This study assessed the biological behavior of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on two types of commercial ADM scaffolds.

Methods: The present in vitro study investigated the behavior of MSCs cultured on scaffold type I CenoDerm® (Tissue Regeneration Corporation) and type II Acellular Dermis (Iranian Tissue Product Co.) as the test groups and an empty well plate as the control group (n=78). Cell attachment was assessed after 12 hours of incubation using 6,4-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Cell proliferation was assessed using the MTT assay at 24- and 84-hour and 7-day intervals. Cell morphology was also assessed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 24 hours. MTT assay and DAPI staining were repeated for five samples in all the three groups. Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results: The DAPI staining and MTT assay showed similar results concerning cell attachment between all the groups at 12 hours (P=0.4). At 24 hours, cell proliferation was significantly higher in scaffold groups (P<0.001). At seven days, the lowest cell proliferation was noted in the scaffold II group, with a significant difference between the groups (P=0.01). At 24 hours, cell expansion was greater in the control group, followed by the scaffold I group.

Conclusion: Both scaffolds were similar in MSC attachment, but scaffold I appeared superior to scaffold II in terms of MSC proliferation and morphology in vitro.

Background: Careful anatomical investigation of canalis sinuosus (CS) is essential to prevent damage to blood vessels and nerves in this area during surgical procedures, such as placing dental implants in the anterior maxillary region. This study investigated the relationship and distance between the CS and its adjacent structures.

Methods: A total of 400 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of Iranian adults aged 20-86 years were included in this retrospective study. Two observers assessed all the images twice with a time interval of one month. The closest tooth to the CS, its position relative to the CS, and distance measurements of the CS from adjacent structures were determined.

Results: CS was found in 10.5% of all images. The mean diameter of the canal was 1.06±0.29 mm, which was not significantly different between the age groups, right and left sides, or genders. The most common location of CS was mid-position relative to the upper lateral incisors. In linear measurements, only the distance from the CS to the buccal cortical plate and perpendicular to the nasopalatine canal exhibited a significant difference between the two sexes, with no significant difference between the right and left sides.

Conclusion: CS location was significantly more palato-lateral in males. There was no significant difference in the prevalence between the two sexes.

Background: The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the efficacy of different surgical regenerative methods for peri-implantitis treatment.

Methods: A preliminary search was conducted in seven electronic databases. The studies included in the analysis implemented surgical regenerative treatment in at least one study group. Baseline and follow-up values for bleeding on probing (BoP), pocket depth (PD), plaque index (PI), bone level (BL), and bone gain (BG) were extracted. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated using Cohen's d or Hedges' g, and a random-effects-restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method was applied for the meta-analysis.

Results: Fifteen studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. The meta-analysis was performed on six studies comparing regenerative techniques that involved bone grafts with those that did not. The overall effect size for using bone grafts at the one-year follow-up was 0.04 (95% CI: -0.26‒0.35; P=0.78) for BoP, -0.08 (95% CI: -0.42‒0.27; P=0.66) for PD, 0.37 (95% CI: 0.08‒0.65; P=0.01) for PI, -0.44 (95% CI: -0.84 to -0.03; P=0.03) for BL, and 0.16 (95% CI: -0.68‒1.01; P=0.70) for BG.

Conclusion: Various materials have been employed for peri-implant defect filling and coverage. A bone substitute did not significantly improve BoP, PD, and BG values, while PI and BL were significantly ameliorated at one-year follow-up. However, recommending a single unified protocol as the most effective for surgical regenerative treatment of peri-implantitis was not feasible.

Background: The use of bone graft materials has significantly increased. Given the inherent variations in structure and functionality between different grafting materials, this evaluated and compared the physical attributes of antler and bovine femur bone substitutes.

Methods: In the present in vitro investigation, the surface morphological architecture of the two bone substitutes with different origins was assessed through scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique was employed to measure the porosity, specific surface area (SSA), and pore morphology.

Results: Scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that the surface of the bovine particles appeared smoother, while the antler particles exhibited a rougher surface texture. The BET analysis revealed that both samples exhibited identical pore morphology. The SSA was 15.974 m²/g in the antler particles compared with 18.404 m²/g in the bovine sample. The total porosity volume in the antler and bovine femur bone substitutes were 0.2172 cm³/g and 0.2918 cm³/g, respectively. Additionally, the antler particles had a porosity percentage of 40%, whereas the bovine femur bone substitute showed a porosity percentage of 43.5%.

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it seems that the two samples of bone grafting materials have comparable physical structures.

This research aimed to introduce an auto-adaptive metal artifact reduction (aMAR) algorithm in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess the levels of the pre-implant alveolar crest. Dental implants as a treatment modality for edentulous patients consist of a titanium alloy, which creates a metal artifact, resulting in a dark dental structure in the CBCT scans. Metallic artifacts are limiting factors for the precise detection in CBCT images. These are related to the dark areas around materials and metallic structures (e.g., restorations, implants, and endodontic instruments). To overcome this problem, the metal artifact reduction (MAR) program has been recommended as a post-procedure stage for CBCT image reconstruction. Recent developments offer CBCT scanners with an aMAR option with a greater dynamic range to help overcome the challenges of peri-implant bone evaluation to reach accurate dental diagnoses.

Background: Scaling and root planing (SRP) is an inevitable primary step in non-surgical periodontal therapy. Debridement carried out with manual instruments and ultrasonics results in the removal of tooth structure. Current research revolves around laser as an efficient adjunct to SRP. This study evaluated and compared the effectiveness of root surface calculus removal between ultrasonics and Er,Cr:YSGG laser.

Methods: Twenty-eight single-rooted teeth extracted due to periodontal disease were selected for the study. The specimens were randomly assigned to two groups (n=14). Group I underwent ultrasonic instrumentation using a piezo ultrasonic scaler, and group II was subjected to laser instrumentation using Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Waterlase). The specimens were processed, fixed, viewed under a field emission scanning electron microscope and evaluated using the remaining calculus index (RCI) and loss of tooth substance index (LTSI).

Results: Ultrasonics-treated specimens revealed more remaining calculus (1.57±0.65) and lost tooth substance (1.71±0.61) compared to the Er,Cr:YSGG laser-treated specimens, with significantly lower RCI (0.71±0.61) and LTSI (1.00±0.56). There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in the efficacy of root surface calculus removal between the two groups.

Conclusion: Compared to ultrasonics, Er,Cr:YSGG laser demonstrated superior results by causing precise removal of root surface calculus without significantly affecting tooth structure and aiding in new attachment.

Rehabilitating thin jaws without reconstructive surgery entails using narrow implants. The proposed treatment adopted an innovative implant system, allowing the mini-screws to be parallel and immediately loaded. A mandible, wearing an overdenture, was functionalized contextually to the residual dental extraction and the placement of six 2.4-mm thick one-piece implants. Low-profile intermediate abutments, the LEMs, able to rotate over the spherical heads of the fixtures, were connected after suturing, oriented, and blocked in a mutual parallel position. The copings, engaging with a tapered juncture of the LEMs, resulted in their alignment to be intraorally wedged together. The provisional superstructure enclosed the copings and was immediately connected to the implants, and the definitive prosthesis was delivered after three months. No clinical signs of peri-implantitis or radiographically evident bone loss were recorded after a two-year follow-up without any prosthetic complication. No cases have been published regarding mini-implants bearing fixed prosthesis rehabilitation.

Background: Gingival recession (GR) has become one of the most common concerns in oral mucosal diseases. It causes discomfort such as root hypersensitivity, root caries, and aesthetic problems, leading to the development of various surgical techniques to address GRs. This study compared the non-advanced tunnel and m-VISTA techniques in treating multiple GRs.

Methods: A literature search related to the efficiency of non-advanced tunnel and m-VISTA techniques was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE (ScienceDirect), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library), Springer Link, and Google Scholar. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting periodontal parameters published in the recent four years (2019-2023) were included and assessed for the risk of bias. All in vitro, animal, pilot studies, case reports, and case series were excluded.

Results: Five RCTs were included with 195 cases of GRs. Comparing the two techniques revealed a significant increase in keratinized tissue width (KTW) from baseline to 6 months (-1.4 mm), in clinical attachment level (CAL) (-2.65 mm), and in recession depth (-2.7 mm) for the tunnel technique. On the other hand, a significant increase in GR width (-2.26 mm) was found in the m-VISTA group. Finally, there were no significant differences in probing depths.

Conclusion: Both techniques were effective in root coverage and may be valuable for treating multiple GRs.

Background: E-cigarette consumption is increasing, and like conventional smoking, it can cause some harmful effects. This systematic review compared the effect of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes on salivary biomarkers.

Methods: The search strategies included electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE) and related journals up to May 2023. A qualitative assessment was performed on data extracted from the included studies. Seven studies were included in this systematic review (number of patients=563).

Results: Eleven biomarkers were assessed and compared between e-cigarette and conventional cigarette smokers. The data showed that the different effects of electronic and conventional cigarettes on the level of these biomarkers were not achievable. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies (I² statistic>90%), performing a meta-analysis was impossible. Even after a sub-group classification, homogeneous data were not achieved.

Conclusion: The current data do not provide evidence of obtainable outcomes between conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes on salivary biomarkers.

Background: This research aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of pain and wound healing and serological inflammatory markers after full-mouth implantation in one session compared to several sessions.

Methods: A single-masked clinical trial was conducted on 20 patients (n=10) receiving full-mouth implants. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was operated under general anesthesia in one session and the second group in multi-sessions. Inflammation level was evaluated through white blood cell (WBC) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) before and after surgery by a blood test. Pain and early wound healing (EHS) assessment was conducted after surgery with VAS and EHS indicators, respectively. Serological and clinical parameters were compared by repeated-measures ANOVA and Sidak and Man-Whitney U tests, respectively, using SPSS 20.

Results: The CRP level 48 hours postoperatively was not different in the two groups; however, seven days after treatment, it was higher in the multi-session group than in the single-session approach. The WBC was not different between the two groups at evaluated intervals. Serum levels of WBC and CRP increased 48 hours postoperatively and decreased seven days later. EHS showed no difference between the two groups at the three investigated intervals. The amount of VAS 24 and 48 hours and 7 days postoperatively was higher in multi-session surgery than in the one-session approach. In both groups, VAS was not different at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively and decreased over seven days.

Conclusion: Full-mouth implant surgery under general anesthesia in one session caused less inflammation and pain postoperatively while presenting the same wound-healing process as the multi-session surgery.