Purpose: This study aimed to determine analgesic efficacy of a combination of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block (BLSCPB) and standard analgesia with standard analgesia alone in patients undergoing thyroid cancer surgery under general anaesthesia.Materials and Methods: It was a randomised-controlled trial conducted at the Anaesthesia Department of the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore. A sample size of 60 patients (30 patients in each group) was calculated with 95% confidence interval and power of 80%.Results: The mean pain-free duration for the Group A (BLSCPB group) was 72 min (SD 30.1) compared to 53 min (standard deviation 30.3) for the Group B. This shows a significant reduction in pain-free duration in Group A. Average NRS pain score in the Group A at q 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min was (0.83, 1.83, 0.23, 1.76 and 1.49), whereas the average pain score on NRS in the Group B at the same time interval mentioned above for Group A was (2.1, 2.73, 4.53, 2.44 and 1.85)Conclusion: Administration of BLSCPB resulted in superior analgesia after thyroid cancer surgery.Key words: Analgesia, cervical plexus block, post-operative pain, regional anaesthesia, thyroidectomy
{"title":"ANALGESIC EFFICACY OF COMBINATION OF BILATERAL SUPERFICIAL CERVICAL PLEXUS BLOCK AND STANDARD ANALGESIA WITH STANDARD ANALGESIA ALONE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING THYROID CANCER SURGERY. A RANDOMISED-CONTROLLED TRIAL","authors":"H. Najeeb, Ahsan Waqar Khan, A. Siddiqui","doi":"10.37029/JCAS.V5I2.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37029/JCAS.V5I2.218","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aimed to determine analgesic efficacy of a combination of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block (BLSCPB) and standard analgesia with standard analgesia alone in patients undergoing thyroid cancer surgery under general anaesthesia.Materials and Methods: It was a randomised-controlled trial conducted at the Anaesthesia Department of the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore. A sample size of 60 patients (30 patients in each group) was calculated with 95% confidence interval and power of 80%.Results: The mean pain-free duration for the Group A (BLSCPB group) was 72 min (SD 30.1) compared to 53 min (standard deviation 30.3) for the Group B. This shows a significant reduction in pain-free duration in Group A. Average NRS pain score in the Group A at q 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min was (0.83, 1.83, 0.23, 1.76 and 1.49), whereas the average pain score on NRS in the Group B at the same time interval mentioned above for Group A was (2.1, 2.73, 4.53, 2.44 and 1.85)Conclusion: Administration of BLSCPB resulted in superior analgesia after thyroid cancer surgery.Key words: Analgesia, cervical plexus block, post-operative pain, regional anaesthesia, thyroidectomy","PeriodicalId":73631,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer & allied specialties","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80067242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Majid Ali, A. Farrugia, R. Bhogal, Saboor Khan, G. Marangoni, J. Ahmad
Introduction: Assessment of systemic inflammatory response forms the basis of several scoring systems that attempt to prognosticate patients with periampullary pancreatic carcinoma (PPC). We assessed the validity of three of these scoring systems for patients’ prognosis following intervention for PPC: Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) and its modified version (mGPS), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).Methods: EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were searched for all published studies until September 2018 using comprehensive text word and MeSH terms. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology guidelines was followed. All identified studies were analysed and relevant studies were included in the review.Results: Three studies which assessed the role of GPS, four studies that evaluated the use of NLR and three that assessed the role of PLR in patients with PPC were identified. None of these studies demonstrated any value in the pre-operative assessment of patients with PPC. The limited number of studies available precluded further statistical analysis.Conclusions: Based on available evidence, GPS, NLR and PLR do not appear to be useful scoring systems to predict prognosis of patients with PPC. Larger studies are warranted before the application of inflammatory scoring systems could be recommended in patients with PPC.Key words: Periampullary cancer, Glasgow prognostic score, modified Glasgow prognostic score, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio
{"title":"PROGNOSTIC POWER OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SCORING SYSTEMS IN PERIAMPULLARY PANCREATIC CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW","authors":"Majid Ali, A. Farrugia, R. Bhogal, Saboor Khan, G. Marangoni, J. Ahmad","doi":"10.37029/JCAS.V5I2.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37029/JCAS.V5I2.204","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Assessment of systemic inflammatory response forms the basis of several scoring systems that attempt to prognosticate patients with periampullary pancreatic carcinoma (PPC). We assessed the validity of three of these scoring systems for patients’ prognosis following intervention for PPC: Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) and its modified version (mGPS), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).Methods: EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were searched for all published studies until September 2018 using comprehensive text word and MeSH terms. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology guidelines was followed. All identified studies were analysed and relevant studies were included in the review.Results: Three studies which assessed the role of GPS, four studies that evaluated the use of NLR and three that assessed the role of PLR in patients with PPC were identified. None of these studies demonstrated any value in the pre-operative assessment of patients with PPC. The limited number of studies available precluded further statistical analysis.Conclusions: Based on available evidence, GPS, NLR and PLR do not appear to be useful scoring systems to predict prognosis of patients with PPC. Larger studies are warranted before the application of inflammatory scoring systems could be recommended in patients with PPC.Key words: Periampullary cancer, Glasgow prognostic score, modified Glasgow prognostic score, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio","PeriodicalId":73631,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer & allied specialties","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82739988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ROBOTIC HEPATOBILIARY AND PANCREATIC SURGERY","authors":"J. Ahmad, G. Marangoni","doi":"10.37029/JCAS.V4I4.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37029/JCAS.V4I4.213","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":73631,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer & allied specialties","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73047680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 27-year-old male underwent total thyroidectomy for thyroid swelling. Histopathology showed papillary thyroid carcinoma [T3 - 6.0 cm] with extra-thyroidal extension. The patient was treated with 150 mCi radioactive iodine(RAI) as adjuvant ablative therapy. Radioiodine refractory disease was identified 1-year post-RAI therapy with elevated thyroglobulin levels and negative I-131 whole body scan. F-18 FDG positron emission tomography/computedtomography scan showed activity in the right thyroid bed and multilevel right cervical nodes. Right-sided modified neck dissection was done, which showed Castleman disease (hyaline vascular type) in right cervical nodes. The most probable cause of elevated tumour markers was found out to be 0.6 cm right thyroid bed nodule on follow-up ultrasonography. Our patient also had coexistent conditions as; osteopoikilosis and Hepatitis C along with thyroid carcinoma.Key words: Castleman disease, lymph node, radioiodine, thyroid cancer
{"title":"CASTLEMAN DISEASE: A GREAT MIMICKER OF METASTASES IN RADIOIODINE REFRACTORY THYROID CANCER","authors":"N. Rashid, Aamna Hassan, N. Akhter, A. Hameed","doi":"10.37029/JCAS.V4I4.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37029/JCAS.V4I4.209","url":null,"abstract":"A 27-year-old male underwent total thyroidectomy for thyroid swelling. Histopathology showed papillary thyroid carcinoma [T3 - 6.0 cm] with extra-thyroidal extension. The patient was treated with 150 mCi radioactive iodine(RAI) as adjuvant ablative therapy. Radioiodine refractory disease was identified 1-year post-RAI therapy with elevated thyroglobulin levels and negative I-131 whole body scan. F-18 FDG positron emission tomography/computedtomography scan showed activity in the right thyroid bed and multilevel right cervical nodes. Right-sided modified neck dissection was done, which showed Castleman disease (hyaline vascular type) in right cervical nodes. The most probable cause of elevated tumour markers was found out to be 0.6 cm right thyroid bed nodule on follow-up ultrasonography. Our patient also had coexistent conditions as; osteopoikilosis and Hepatitis C along with thyroid carcinoma.Key words: Castleman disease, lymph node, radioiodine, thyroid cancer","PeriodicalId":73631,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer & allied specialties","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81030832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Overexpression of antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein is one of the major contributors to oncogenesis and high levels have been identified in a variety of tumour types. We investigated an immunohistochemicalexpression of Bcl-2 protein in cutaneous basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) to elucidate whether there are differences in the expression pattern related to tumour growth phenotype.Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 45 cutaneous BCCs, which were categorised into the nonaggressive (NA-BCCs; 31 cases) and aggressive histologic variants (A-BCCs; 14 cases).Results: There were 3 tumours (6.6%) with negative staining and 42 tumours (93.4%) with positive staining for Bcl-2 protein, 10 of which (23.8%) displayed low and remaining 32 cases (76.2%) exhibited high expression. All three “Bcl-2 negative” BCCs showed aggressive-growth features (infiltrative subtypes). When Bcl-2 values were evaluated as negative/low versus high expression, there was significantly lower Bcl-2 protein expression in the A-BCCs comparedto the NA-BCCs. Even an intensity of immunostaining showed a tendency of being weaker in the A-BCCs. In spite of that, three infiltrative BCCs showed a diffuse strong immunoreactivity.Conclusion: An immunohistochemical positivity of Bcl-2 protein in the neoplastic cells of cutaneous BCC was nearly constant feature, and its decreased staining was associated with an infiltrative growth pattern. It suggests that a lowBcl-2 protein expression in tumor tissue might be considered an unfavorable prognostic indicator.Key words: Basal cell carcinoma, B-cell lymphoma-2 protein, biological behavior
{"title":"EXPRESSION OF ANTI-APOPTOTIC PROTEIN BCL-2 IN CUTANEOUS BASAL CELL CARCINOMA","authors":"V. Bartoš, M. Kullová","doi":"10.37029/JCAS.V4I4.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37029/JCAS.V4I4.202","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Overexpression of antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein is one of the major contributors to oncogenesis and high levels have been identified in a variety of tumour types. We investigated an immunohistochemicalexpression of Bcl-2 protein in cutaneous basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) to elucidate whether there are differences in the expression pattern related to tumour growth phenotype.Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 45 cutaneous BCCs, which were categorised into the nonaggressive (NA-BCCs; 31 cases) and aggressive histologic variants (A-BCCs; 14 cases).Results: There were 3 tumours (6.6%) with negative staining and 42 tumours (93.4%) with positive staining for Bcl-2 protein, 10 of which (23.8%) displayed low and remaining 32 cases (76.2%) exhibited high expression. All three “Bcl-2 negative” BCCs showed aggressive-growth features (infiltrative subtypes). When Bcl-2 values were evaluated as negative/low versus high expression, there was significantly lower Bcl-2 protein expression in the A-BCCs comparedto the NA-BCCs. Even an intensity of immunostaining showed a tendency of being weaker in the A-BCCs. In spite of that, three infiltrative BCCs showed a diffuse strong immunoreactivity.Conclusion: An immunohistochemical positivity of Bcl-2 protein in the neoplastic cells of cutaneous BCC was nearly constant feature, and its decreased staining was associated with an infiltrative growth pattern. It suggests that a lowBcl-2 protein expression in tumor tissue might be considered an unfavorable prognostic indicator.Key words: Basal cell carcinoma, B-cell lymphoma-2 protein, biological behavior","PeriodicalId":73631,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer & allied specialties","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81582829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of unmet supportive care needs among bone sarcoma patients in Kuching, Sarawak and explored the relationship between these needs with various associated factors. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among all bone sarcoma patients recruited from Sarawak General Hospital in Kuching, Sarawak. Data collection was done using an adopted questionnaire via interview assisted survey. Unmet needs were assessed using the 59-item Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-SF59). Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 75 respondents participated in the study. The patients were mainly above 36 years (56%), Sarawak natives (33.3%) and married (54.7%). Majority of patients were not undergoing any active treatment (52%). Nine out of 10 items with highest ‘moderate’ to ‘high’ level unmet needs were from the domain of Health system and information. Needs from Physical and daily living, and sexuality domains were found to have statistically significant associations with ethnicity, age and marital status. Conclusion: Patients who were diagnosed with bone sarcoma had substantive unmet supportive care needs in relation with their illness trajectory. It is important that such needs to be acknowledged in order to provide quality healthcare services to them. Key words : bone sarcoma, unmet needs, Malaysia, SCNS-SF59,supportive care needs
{"title":"UNMET SUPPORTIVE CARE NEEDS AMONG BONE SARCOMA PATIENT IN SARAWAK","authors":"C. W. Lian, Nurul Bahariah Dollah, C. Thon","doi":"10.37029/JCAS.V4I4.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37029/JCAS.V4I4.211","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of unmet supportive care needs among bone sarcoma patients in Kuching, Sarawak and explored the relationship between these needs with various associated factors. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among all bone sarcoma patients recruited from Sarawak General Hospital in Kuching, Sarawak. Data collection was done using an adopted questionnaire via interview assisted survey. Unmet needs were assessed using the 59-item Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-SF59). Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 75 respondents participated in the study. The patients were mainly above 36 years (56%), Sarawak natives (33.3%) and married (54.7%). Majority of patients were not undergoing any active treatment (52%). Nine out of 10 items with highest ‘moderate’ to ‘high’ level unmet needs were from the domain of Health system and information. Needs from Physical and daily living, and sexuality domains were found to have statistically significant associations with ethnicity, age and marital status. Conclusion: Patients who were diagnosed with bone sarcoma had substantive unmet supportive care needs in relation with their illness trajectory. It is important that such needs to be acknowledged in order to provide quality healthcare services to them. Key words : bone sarcoma, unmet needs, Malaysia, SCNS-SF59,supportive care needs","PeriodicalId":73631,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer & allied specialties","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84392574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Splenic hamartoma, also known as splenoma, splenic adenoma or nodular hyperplasia, is a rare benign splenic tumor. It is composed of disordered vascular channels with abnormal mixture of red or white splenic pulp. Mostly it is asymptomatic and encountered incidentally at imaging, surgery or autopsy. Radiologically hamartomas are almost identical to hemangioma. In such circumstances radiolabelled blood pool imaging and radiocolloid scintigraphy helps to differentiate the two entities. We present a case of asymptomatic splenic lesion on hybrid radionuclide imaging with SPECT-CT, findings suggestive of hamartoma. Key Words: Splenic hamartoma, SPECT-CT, Radiocolloid scintigraphy
{"title":"HYBRID SCINTIGRAPHY OF RARE SPLENIC HAMARTOMA","authors":"Mairah Razi, H. Bashir, Z. Faruqui","doi":"10.37029/jcas.v4i4.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37029/jcas.v4i4.212","url":null,"abstract":"Splenic hamartoma, also known as splenoma, splenic adenoma or nodular hyperplasia, is a rare benign splenic tumor. It is composed of disordered vascular channels with abnormal mixture of red or white splenic pulp. Mostly it is asymptomatic and encountered incidentally at imaging, surgery or autopsy. Radiologically hamartomas are almost identical to hemangioma. In such circumstances radiolabelled blood pool imaging and radiocolloid scintigraphy helps to differentiate the two entities. We present a case of asymptomatic splenic lesion on hybrid radionuclide imaging with SPECT-CT, findings suggestive of hamartoma. Key Words: Splenic hamartoma, SPECT-CT, Radiocolloid scintigraphy","PeriodicalId":73631,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer & allied specialties","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75289108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small bowel is not easily accessed by endoscope and diagnosis of its pathology relies on clinical assessment and imaging. Traditional contrast studies have the disadvantage of not including the mural and extramural details. This is best seen with magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) which is rapidly replacing computed tomography enterography due to better soft tissue resolution and lack of ionizing radiation. Comprehensive MRE requires axial and coronal T1- and T2-WI, high-resolution diffusion-weighted images, fat-suppressed three-dimensional T1-W breath-hold gradient-echo images of the abdomen, and pelvis before and after intravenous gadolinium-based contrast material administration. MRE is the preferred imaging technique for small bowel pathology due to its ability to show mural and extramural details which allow differentiation in acute, active, and chronicity of changes. Being radiation free, there is no age limitation for its use.
{"title":"MR ENTEROGRAPHY: AN EMERGENT TECHNIQUE FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF SMALL BOWEL LESIONS IN ONCOLOGICAL AND NON-ONCOLOGY DISEASES","authors":"W. Ahmad, Iram Zaheer, I. Niazi, K. A. Mufti","doi":"10.37029/JCAS.V4I4.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37029/JCAS.V4I4.208","url":null,"abstract":"Small bowel is not easily accessed by endoscope and diagnosis of its pathology relies on clinical assessment and imaging. Traditional contrast studies have the disadvantage of not including the mural and extramural details. This is best seen with magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) which is rapidly replacing computed tomography enterography due to better soft tissue resolution and lack of ionizing radiation. Comprehensive MRE requires axial and coronal T1- and T2-WI, high-resolution diffusion-weighted images, fat-suppressed three-dimensional T1-W breath-hold gradient-echo images of the abdomen, and pelvis before and after intravenous gadolinium-based contrast material administration. MRE is the preferred imaging technique for small bowel pathology due to its ability to show mural and extramural details which allow differentiation in acute, active, and chronicity of changes. Being radiation free, there is no age limitation for its use.","PeriodicalId":73631,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer & allied specialties","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74066488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Therapeutic manipulation of immune system in cancer has been an extensive area of research in the field of oncoimmunology. Immunotherapy helps the immune system to combat against cancer. Tumour cells take an edge of immunosuppressive mechanisms and inhibit antitumour immune responses. Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) is an immunosuppressive enzyme which is involved in tumour immune escape mechanism in various cancers. IDO can degrade the tryptophan into kynurenines and has an ability to enhance the immune tolerance through mammalian target of rapamycin pathway general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) pathway and induction of regulatory T (T-regs) cells. IDO-induced T-regs suppress the local immune responses in the tumour microenvironment and promote metastasis. IDO overexpression in various cancers is associated with poor prognosis. Several preclinical and clinical trials have been proceeding and recommend that IDO inhibitor may be an influential tool against a wide range of cancers. IDO inhibitors as adjuvant therapeutic agents may also have clinical implications. Thus, IDO has the potential to be used as an immunotherapeutic target. This review discusses the promising role of IDO in cancer and its implication in immunotherapy.Key words: Breast cancer, colorectal cancer, haematological malignancies, immunotherapy, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer
{"title":"INDOLEAMINE 2,3 DIOXYGENASE AS AN IMMUNOTHERAPEUTIC TARGET BRINGS A NEW HOPE FOR CANCER PATIENTS","authors":"K. Asghar, A. Loya","doi":"10.37029/JCAS.V4I3.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37029/JCAS.V4I3.175","url":null,"abstract":"Therapeutic manipulation of immune system in cancer has been an extensive area of research in the field of oncoimmunology. Immunotherapy helps the immune system to combat against cancer. Tumour cells take an edge of immunosuppressive mechanisms and inhibit antitumour immune responses. Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) is an immunosuppressive enzyme which is involved in tumour immune escape mechanism in various cancers. IDO can degrade the tryptophan into kynurenines and has an ability to enhance the immune tolerance through mammalian target of rapamycin pathway general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) pathway and induction of regulatory T (T-regs) cells. IDO-induced T-regs suppress the local immune responses in the tumour microenvironment and promote metastasis. IDO overexpression in various cancers is associated with poor prognosis. Several preclinical and clinical trials have been proceeding and recommend that IDO inhibitor may be an influential tool against a wide range of cancers. IDO inhibitors as adjuvant therapeutic agents may also have clinical implications. Thus, IDO has the potential to be used as an immunotherapeutic target. This review discusses the promising role of IDO in cancer and its implication in immunotherapy.Key words: Breast cancer, colorectal cancer, haematological malignancies, immunotherapy, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer","PeriodicalId":73631,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer & allied specialties","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82679433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY IN A KNOWN THYMOMA PATIENT","authors":"A. Iqbal, M. Naveed","doi":"10.37029/jcas.v4i3.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37029/jcas.v4i3.191","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":73631,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer & allied specialties","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75563318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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