Pub Date : 2021-10-10DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.109
J. Zang, Haiqing Dong
Tumor immunotherapy, including monoclonal antibody of immune checkpoint blockade, therapeutic antibody, cancer vaccine and cell therapy, etc., is to restart and maintain the tumor immune cycle, restore the normal antitumor immune response of the body, so as to control and eliminate the tumor [1,2]. Among them, tumor vaccine, which can elicit robust immune response and produce sustained immune memory effect, is particularly favored in the treatment and prevention of tumor recurrence [3,4]. Notably, compared with specific antigen vaccine, whole cell vaccine does not need complex antigen screening and purification process, and can provide all antigens of specific tumor, so it has great prospects [5,6]. Nevertheless, the immune effect of whole cell vaccine is not satisfactory because of its low immunogenicity and limitation efficiency of antigen presentation [7,8].
{"title":"Commentary on “A Vaccine for Photodynamic Immunogenic Cell Death: Tumor Cell Caged b y Cellular Disulfide–Thiol Exchange for Immunotherapy”","authors":"J. Zang, Haiqing Dong","doi":"10.33696/immunology.3.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.3.109","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor immunotherapy, including monoclonal antibody of immune checkpoint blockade, therapeutic antibody, cancer vaccine and cell therapy, etc., is to restart and maintain the tumor immune cycle, restore the normal antitumor immune response of the body, so as to control and eliminate the tumor [1,2]. Among them, tumor vaccine, which can elicit robust immune response and produce sustained immune memory effect, is particularly favored in the treatment and prevention of tumor recurrence [3,4]. Notably, compared with specific antigen vaccine, whole cell vaccine does not need complex antigen screening and purification process, and can provide all antigens of specific tumor, so it has great prospects [5,6]. Nevertheless, the immune effect of whole cell vaccine is not satisfactory because of its low immunogenicity and limitation efficiency of antigen presentation [7,8].","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44565009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-10DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.106
G. Zakiryanova, E. Kustova, N. Urazalieva, Emile T. Baimukhametov, V. A. Makarov, G. Shurin, Narymzhan N. Nakisbekov, M. Shurin
Gulnur K. Zakiryanova1*, Elena Kustova2, Nataliya T. Urazalieva2, Emile T. Baimukhametov3, Valeriy A. Makarov4, Galina V. Shurin6, Narymzhan N. Nakisbekov5, Michael R. Shurin6* 1Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan 2Laboratory of Immunology, Scientific Center of Pediatric and Children Surgery, Almaty, Kazakhstan 3Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Department of Oncology, Almaty, Kazakhstan 4Almaty Oncology Center, Department of Oncosurgery, Almaty, Kazakhstan 5Joint Use Center, Atchabarov Scientific Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan 6Departments of Pathology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
{"title":"Expression of Pu.1, C/Ebp? and Bach1 Transcription Factors in Immune Cells in Patients with Cancer","authors":"G. Zakiryanova, E. Kustova, N. Urazalieva, Emile T. Baimukhametov, V. A. Makarov, G. Shurin, Narymzhan N. Nakisbekov, M. Shurin","doi":"10.33696/immunology.3.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.3.106","url":null,"abstract":"Gulnur K. Zakiryanova1*, Elena Kustova2, Nataliya T. Urazalieva2, Emile T. Baimukhametov3, Valeriy A. Makarov4, Galina V. Shurin6, Narymzhan N. Nakisbekov5, Michael R. Shurin6* 1Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan 2Laboratory of Immunology, Scientific Center of Pediatric and Children Surgery, Almaty, Kazakhstan 3Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Department of Oncology, Almaty, Kazakhstan 4Almaty Oncology Center, Department of Oncosurgery, Almaty, Kazakhstan 5Joint Use Center, Atchabarov Scientific Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan 6Departments of Pathology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43441719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-10DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.105
{"title":"Novel Combination Treatments for AML","authors":"","doi":"10.33696/immunology.3.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.3.105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46340556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-12DOI: 10.33696/immunology.4.148
Ji Ma, Xianping Ma, Rang Wang, Fang Li, T. Hu, Huashan Yi
for Detection of the NS4
用于检测NS4
{"title":"Establishment of an Indirect Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of the NS4 Protein of Bluetongue Virus","authors":"Ji Ma, Xianping Ma, Rang Wang, Fang Li, T. Hu, Huashan Yi","doi":"10.33696/immunology.4.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.4.148","url":null,"abstract":"for Detection of the NS4","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46865439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.100
W. L. Gluck, Wesley M. Smith, S. P. Callahan, Robert A. Brevetta, A. Stenbit, J. Martin, Anna V. Blenda, S. Arce, W. Edenfield
Observations early in the viral pandemic of 2020 noted the resemblance between severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and the hypercytokinemic state of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) [1]. Conti and colleagues [2] have outlined the binding of COVID-19 to the Toll-like receptor with subsequent cytokine driven fever and pneumonitis, while in Kenderian’s [3] murine model of CRS, ruxolitinib abrogated the development of cytokine excess. Cao [4] reported faster clinical recovery with JAK inhibition and Capochiani’s RESPIRE trial reported an 89% overall response rate (ORR) with ruxolitinib therapy [5]. Discordant findings regarding JAK inhibition have been reported on the superiority of baricitinib plus remdesivir over remdesivir alone in shortening recovery times in hospitalized patients [6] while the randomized RUXCOVID trial failed to impact severe complications of the disease by adding ruxolitinib to standard of care [7]. Other groups [8,9] have reported inflammatory cytokine profiles along with evidence that elevated IL-6 and TNFα are strong predictors of disease severity and survival. While cytokine excess could be an epiphenomenal surrogate for another process, therapeutic strategies have evolved around addressing the excessive cytokine levels complicating a significant fraction of COVID-19 patients.
{"title":"Efficacy of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Alone or in Combination with Ruxolitinib for the Treatment of Penn Class 3 and 4 Cytokine Release Syndrome Complicating COVID-19","authors":"W. L. Gluck, Wesley M. Smith, S. P. Callahan, Robert A. Brevetta, A. Stenbit, J. Martin, Anna V. Blenda, S. Arce, W. Edenfield","doi":"10.33696/immunology.3.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.3.100","url":null,"abstract":"Observations early in the viral pandemic of 2020 noted the resemblance between severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and the hypercytokinemic state of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) [1]. Conti and colleagues [2] have outlined the binding of COVID-19 to the Toll-like receptor with subsequent cytokine driven fever and pneumonitis, while in Kenderian’s [3] murine model of CRS, ruxolitinib abrogated the development of cytokine excess. Cao [4] reported faster clinical recovery with JAK inhibition and Capochiani’s RESPIRE trial reported an 89% overall response rate (ORR) with ruxolitinib therapy [5]. Discordant findings regarding JAK inhibition have been reported on the superiority of baricitinib plus remdesivir over remdesivir alone in shortening recovery times in hospitalized patients [6] while the randomized RUXCOVID trial failed to impact severe complications of the disease by adding ruxolitinib to standard of care [7]. Other groups [8,9] have reported inflammatory cytokine profiles along with evidence that elevated IL-6 and TNFα are strong predictors of disease severity and survival. While cytokine excess could be an epiphenomenal surrogate for another process, therapeutic strategies have evolved around addressing the excessive cytokine levels complicating a significant fraction of COVID-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46372997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.104
Nicolas Vitale
{"title":"Body Mass Index and Covi d-19: Likely Causes for Obesity and Undernutrition Correlation with Disease Severity","authors":"Nicolas Vitale","doi":"10.33696/immunology.3.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.3.104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44507618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-16DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.102
K. Pusic, L. Won, R. P. Kraig, A. Pusic
Environmental enrichment produces beneficial effects in the brain at genetic, molecular, cellular and behavior levels, and has long been studied as a therapeutic intervention for a wide variety of neurological disorders. However, the complexity of applying a robust environmental enrichment paradigm makes clinical use difficult. Accordingly, there has been increased interest in developing environmental enrichment mimetics, also known as enviromimetics. Here we review the benefits of environmental enrichment for migraine treatment, and discuss the potential of using extracellular vesicles derived from interferon gamma-stimulated dendritic cells as an effective mimetic.
{"title":"Environmental Enrichment and Its Benefits for Migraine: Dendritic Cell Extracellular Vesicles as an Effective Mimetic","authors":"K. Pusic, L. Won, R. P. Kraig, A. Pusic","doi":"10.33696/immunology.3.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.3.102","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental enrichment produces beneficial effects in the brain at genetic, molecular, cellular and behavior levels, and has long been studied as a therapeutic intervention for a wide variety of neurological disorders. However, the complexity of applying a robust environmental enrichment paradigm makes clinical use difficult. Accordingly, there has been increased interest in developing environmental enrichment mimetics, also known as enviromimetics. Here we review the benefits of environmental enrichment for migraine treatment, and discuss the potential of using extracellular vesicles derived from interferon gamma-stimulated dendritic cells as an effective mimetic.","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"3 1","pages":"215 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43949540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.095
Sardar Sindhu, R. Ahmad, F. Al-Mulla
The coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic has profoundly devastated human health and wellbeing all over the world, along with colossal setback to global economy in terms of soaring new infections, hospitalizations, ICU admissions, work losses, closures of businesses and institutions, bankruptcies, and precautionary measures involving social distancing, hygiene, and travel restrictions across the globe. COVID-19 was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a public health emergency of international concern in January 2020, and then as a pandemic in March 2020. There are over 154.64 million confirmed coronavirus infections and more than 3.23 million deaths reported to the WHO globally until date (as of 11:21 a.m. CEST, 6 May, 2021) [1]. The disease is caused by a zoonotic positive-sense single-stranded ssRNA virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is known to have four structural proteins: spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N), with close genetic similarity to bat coronaviruses. The global science initiative source called “Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data” (GISAID) has reported seven SARS-CoV-2 clades as G, GH, GR, L, O, S, and V [2].
{"title":"Increased Binding Affinity of Furin to D614G Mutant S-glycoprotein May Augment Infectivity of the Predominating SARS-CoV-2 Variant","authors":"Sardar Sindhu, R. Ahmad, F. Al-Mulla","doi":"10.33696/immunology.3.095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.3.095","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic has profoundly devastated human health and wellbeing all over the world, along with colossal setback to global economy in terms of soaring new infections, hospitalizations, ICU admissions, work losses, closures of businesses and institutions, bankruptcies, and precautionary measures involving social distancing, hygiene, and travel restrictions across the globe. COVID-19 was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a public health emergency of international concern in January 2020, and then as a pandemic in March 2020. There are over 154.64 million confirmed coronavirus infections and more than 3.23 million deaths reported to the WHO globally until date (as of 11:21 a.m. CEST, 6 May, 2021) [1]. The disease is caused by a zoonotic positive-sense single-stranded ssRNA virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is known to have four structural proteins: spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N), with close genetic similarity to bat coronaviruses. The global science initiative source called “Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data” (GISAID) has reported seven SARS-CoV-2 clades as G, GH, GR, L, O, S, and V [2].","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47435250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.093
Seitz Tamara, Kelani Hasan, Wenisch Christoph, Laferl Hermann
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to a high number of deaths worldwide as well as an overload of healthcare systems and an economic collapse. One of the reasons can be attributed to the lack of knowledge about the duration of infectivity at the beginning of the pandemic, resulting in hospital isolation of patients and absence periods of employees. In particular, the absence of healthcare workers placed an unprecedented strain on healthcare systems. Thereupon, at least one negative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test from a respiratory specimen was required for ending isolation [1]. However, prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding was reported for several weeks following infection [2-9]. The aim of this paper is to discuss the current state of knowledge about duration of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and necessity of isolation.
{"title":"Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity","authors":"Seitz Tamara, Kelani Hasan, Wenisch Christoph, Laferl Hermann","doi":"10.33696/immunology.3.093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.3.093","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to a high number of deaths worldwide as well as an overload of healthcare systems and an economic collapse. One of the reasons can be attributed to the lack of knowledge about the duration of infectivity at the beginning of the pandemic, resulting in hospital isolation of patients and absence periods of employees. In particular, the absence of healthcare workers placed an unprecedented strain on healthcare systems. Thereupon, at least one negative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test from a respiratory specimen was required for ending isolation [1]. However, prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding was reported for several weeks following infection [2-9]. The aim of this paper is to discuss the current state of knowledge about duration of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and necessity of isolation.","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43153880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.097
S. Wilz
SARS-Cov-2 is the virus that causes the disease COVID-19. The disease has led to the worst worldwide health crisis in 100 years. While many patients remain asymptomatic, most patients develop a mild respiratory infection. Symptoms include cough, fever and chills, fatigue and body aches, headache and loss of the sense of taste or smell. However, a proportion of patients develop severe disease. Symptoms of severe disease include higher fever, hypoxia and respiratory distress, leading to hospitalization, and sometimes the need for mechanical ventilation and ultimately death [1].
{"title":"The Variable Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Potential Treatment with Combination IL-15 and IL-21","authors":"S. Wilz","doi":"10.33696/immunology.3.097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.3.097","url":null,"abstract":"SARS-Cov-2 is the virus that causes the disease COVID-19. The disease has led to the worst worldwide health crisis in 100 years. While many patients remain asymptomatic, most patients develop a mild respiratory infection. Symptoms include cough, fever and chills, fatigue and body aches, headache and loss of the sense of taste or smell. However, a proportion of patients develop severe disease. Symptoms of severe disease include higher fever, hypoxia and respiratory distress, leading to hospitalization, and sometimes the need for mechanical ventilation and ultimately death [1].","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48842713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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