Among all late complications of diabetes, those involving the foot have traditionally required more face-to-face patient visits to clinics [1]. The COVID-19 (corona virus infectious disease) pandemic has resulted in the closing of most outpatient clinics for face-to-face consultations. Unfortunately, the enormous focus on COVİD-19 has also led to disregard of many other conditions [2]. This has resulted in a paradigm shift in the delivery of care for those with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), which appears to be very important, granted that especially subjects with DFUs require urgent treatment in order to prevent amputations and decrease mortality [3].
{"title":"The Impact of COVID-19 on Diabetic Foot Care","authors":"S. Papachristou, N. Papanas","doi":"10.33696/DIABETES.1.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/DIABETES.1.026","url":null,"abstract":"Among all late complications of diabetes, those involving the foot have traditionally required more face-to-face patient visits to clinics [1]. The COVID-19 (corona virus infectious disease) pandemic has resulted in the closing of most outpatient clinics for face-to-face consultations. Unfortunately, the enormous focus on COVİD-19 has also led to disregard of many other conditions [2]. This has resulted in a paradigm shift in the delivery of care for those with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), which appears to be very important, granted that especially subjects with DFUs require urgent treatment in order to prevent amputations and decrease mortality [3].","PeriodicalId":73706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and clinical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49637139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetic retinopathy is a progressive ophthalmic microvascular complication of diabetes and is one of the commonest complications of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). The prevalence of diabetic eye disease varies within different population and age groups, and many risk factors are associated with the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in T1D. This review discusses the current prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in children and young people (0-18 years) with T1D and the risk factors associated with the presence of diabetic eye disease in this population.
{"title":"Risks and Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Children and Young People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Rebecca L. Thomas, S. Ng","doi":"10.33696/DIABETES.1.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/DIABETES.1.021","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic retinopathy is a progressive ophthalmic microvascular complication of diabetes and is one of the commonest complications of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). The prevalence of diabetic eye disease varies within different population and age groups, and many risk factors are associated with the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in T1D. This review discusses the current prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in children and young people (0-18 years) with T1D and the risk factors associated with the presence of diabetic eye disease in this population.","PeriodicalId":73706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and clinical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42999751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-30DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.27.20220970
C. Dun, Christi M. Walsh, S. Bae, S. Bae, A. Adalja, Eric S Toner, Timothy A. Lash, Farah Hashim, J. Paturzo, D. Segev, D. Segev, M. Makary, M. Makary
Background: Global demand for a COVID-19 vaccine will exceed the initial limited supply. Identifying individuals at highest risk of COVID-19 death may help allocation prioritization efforts. Personalized risk prediction that uses a broad range of comorbidities requires a cohort size larger than that reported in prior studies. Methods: Medicare claims data was used to identify patients age 65 years or older with diagnosis of COVID-19 between April 1, 2020 and August 31, 2020. Demographic characteristics, chronic medical conditions, and other patient risk factors that existed before the advent of COVID-19 were identified. A random forest model was used to empirically explore factors associated with COVID-19 death. The independent impact of factors identified were quantified using multivariate logistic regression with random effects. Results: We identified 534,023 COVID-19 patients of whom 38,066 had an inpatient death. Demographic characteristics associated with COVID-19 death included advanced age (85 years or older: aOR: 2.07; 95% CI, 1.99-2.16), male sex (aOR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.82-1.94), and non-white race (Hispanic: aOR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.66-1.83). Leading comorbidities associated with COVID-19 mortality included sickle cell disease (aOR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.21-2.47), chronic kidney disease (aOR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.29-1.36), leukemias and lymphomas (aOR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14-1.30), heart failure (aOR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.16-1.22), and diabetes (aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.15-1.22). Conclusions: We created a personalized risk prediction calculator to identify candidates for early vaccine and therapeutics allocation (www.predictcovidrisk.com). These findings may be used to protect those at greatest risk of death from COVID-19.
{"title":"A Machine Learning Study of 534,023 Medicare Beneficiaries with COVID-19: Implications for Personalized Risk Prediction","authors":"C. Dun, Christi M. Walsh, S. Bae, S. Bae, A. Adalja, Eric S Toner, Timothy A. Lash, Farah Hashim, J. Paturzo, D. Segev, D. Segev, M. Makary, M. Makary","doi":"10.1101/2020.10.27.20220970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.27.20220970","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Global demand for a COVID-19 vaccine will exceed the initial limited supply. Identifying individuals at highest risk of COVID-19 death may help allocation prioritization efforts. Personalized risk prediction that uses a broad range of comorbidities requires a cohort size larger than that reported in prior studies. Methods: Medicare claims data was used to identify patients age 65 years or older with diagnosis of COVID-19 between April 1, 2020 and August 31, 2020. Demographic characteristics, chronic medical conditions, and other patient risk factors that existed before the advent of COVID-19 were identified. A random forest model was used to empirically explore factors associated with COVID-19 death. The independent impact of factors identified were quantified using multivariate logistic regression with random effects. Results: We identified 534,023 COVID-19 patients of whom 38,066 had an inpatient death. Demographic characteristics associated with COVID-19 death included advanced age (85 years or older: aOR: 2.07; 95% CI, 1.99-2.16), male sex (aOR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.82-1.94), and non-white race (Hispanic: aOR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.66-1.83). Leading comorbidities associated with COVID-19 mortality included sickle cell disease (aOR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.21-2.47), chronic kidney disease (aOR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.29-1.36), leukemias and lymphomas (aOR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14-1.30), heart failure (aOR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.16-1.22), and diabetes (aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.15-1.22). Conclusions: We created a personalized risk prediction calculator to identify candidates for early vaccine and therapeutics allocation (www.predictcovidrisk.com). These findings may be used to protect those at greatest risk of death from COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":73706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and clinical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48361605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-02DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.01.322636
R. Kellar, Robert B. Diller, A. Tabor, Dominic Dominguez, R. Audet, Tatum A. Bardsley, Alyssa J. Talbert, Nathan Cruz, Alison L. Ingraldi, B. Ensley
Chronic wounds in patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus (DMII) where wounds remain open with a complicated pathophysiology, healing, and recovery process is a public health concern. Normal wound healing plays a critical role in wound closure, restoration of mechanical properties, and the biochemical characteristics of the remodeled tissue. Biological scaffolds provide a tissue substitute to help facilitate wound healing by mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the dermis. In the current study an electrospun biomimetic scaffold, wound healing device (WHD), containing tropoelastin (TE) and collagen was synthesized to mimic the biochemical and mechanical characteristics of healthy human skin. The WHD was compared to a commercially available porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) matrix that has been used in both partial and full-thickness wounds, Oasis® Wound Matrix. Wound closure rates, histochemistry, qPCR, and mechanical testing of treated wound sites were evaluated. The WHD in a splinted, full-thickness, diabetic murine wound healing model demonstrated an enhanced rate of wound closure, decreased tissue inflammation, skin organ regeneration, and a stronger and more durable remodeled tissue that more closely mimics native unwounded skin compared to the control device.
{"title":"Improved Wound Closure Rates and Mechanical Properties Resembling Native Skin in Murine Diabetic Wounds Treated with a Tropoelastin and Collagen Wound Healing Device","authors":"R. Kellar, Robert B. Diller, A. Tabor, Dominic Dominguez, R. Audet, Tatum A. Bardsley, Alyssa J. Talbert, Nathan Cruz, Alison L. Ingraldi, B. Ensley","doi":"10.1101/2020.10.01.322636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.01.322636","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic wounds in patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus (DMII) where wounds remain open with a complicated pathophysiology, healing, and recovery process is a public health concern. Normal wound healing plays a critical role in wound closure, restoration of mechanical properties, and the biochemical characteristics of the remodeled tissue. Biological scaffolds provide a tissue substitute to help facilitate wound healing by mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the dermis. In the current study an electrospun biomimetic scaffold, wound healing device (WHD), containing tropoelastin (TE) and collagen was synthesized to mimic the biochemical and mechanical characteristics of healthy human skin. The WHD was compared to a commercially available porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) matrix that has been used in both partial and full-thickness wounds, Oasis® Wound Matrix. Wound closure rates, histochemistry, qPCR, and mechanical testing of treated wound sites were evaluated. The WHD in a splinted, full-thickness, diabetic murine wound healing model demonstrated an enhanced rate of wound closure, decreased tissue inflammation, skin organ regeneration, and a stronger and more durable remodeled tissue that more closely mimics native unwounded skin compared to the control device.","PeriodicalId":73706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and clinical research","volume":"2 1","pages":"86 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47571191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert S Kellar, Robert B Diller, Aaron J Tabor, Dominic D Dominguez, Robert G Audet, Tatum A Bardsley, Alyssa J Talbert, Nathan D Cruz, Alison L Ingraldi, Burt D Ensley
Chronic wounds in patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus (DMII) where wounds remain open with a complicated pathophysiology, healing, and recovery process is a public health concern. Normal wound healing plays a critical role in wound closure, restoration of mechanical properties, and the biochemical characteristics of the remodeled tissue. Biological scaffolds provide a tissue substitute to help facilitate wound healing by mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the dermis. In the current study an electrospun biomimetic scaffold, wound healing device (WHD), containing tropoelastin (TE) and collagen was synthesized to mimic the biochemical and mechanical characteristics of healthy human skin. The WHD was compared to a commercially available porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) matrix that has been used in both partial and full-thickness wounds, Oasis® Wound Matrix. Using a diabetic murine model C57BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J mice (db/db) wound closure rates, histochemistry (CD31 and CD163), qPCR (GAPDH, TNF-α, NOS2, ARG1 and IL10), and mechanical testing of treated wound sites were evaluated. The WHD in a splinted, full thickness, diabetic murine wound healing model demonstrated skin organ regeneration, an enhanced rate of wound closure, decreased tissue inflammation, and a stronger and more durable remodeled tissue that more closely mimics native unwounded skin compared to the control device.
{"title":"Improved Wound Closure Rates and Mechanical Properties Resembling Native Skin in Murine Diabetic Wounds Treated with a Tropoelastin and Collagen Wound Healing Device.","authors":"Robert S Kellar, Robert B Diller, Aaron J Tabor, Dominic D Dominguez, Robert G Audet, Tatum A Bardsley, Alyssa J Talbert, Nathan D Cruz, Alison L Ingraldi, Burt D Ensley","doi":"10.33696/diabetes.1.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/diabetes.1.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic wounds in patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus (DMII) where wounds remain open with a complicated pathophysiology, healing, and recovery process is a public health concern. Normal wound healing plays a critical role in wound closure, restoration of mechanical properties, and the biochemical characteristics of the remodeled tissue. Biological scaffolds provide a tissue substitute to help facilitate wound healing by mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the dermis. In the current study an electrospun biomimetic scaffold, wound healing device (WHD), containing tropoelastin (TE) and collagen was synthesized to mimic the biochemical and mechanical characteristics of healthy human skin. The WHD was compared to a commercially available porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) matrix that has been used in both partial and full-thickness wounds, Oasis<sup>®</sup> Wound Matrix. Using a diabetic murine model C57BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J mice (db/db) wound closure rates, histochemistry (CD31 and CD163), qPCR (GAPDH, TNF-α, NOS2, ARG1 and IL10), and mechanical testing of treated wound sites were evaluated. The WHD in a splinted, full thickness, diabetic murine wound healing model <i>demonstrated skin organ regeneration, an enhanced rate of wound closure, decreased tissue inflammation, and a stronger and more durable remodeled tissue</i> that more closely mimics native unwounded skin compared to the control device.</p>","PeriodicalId":73706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and clinical research","volume":"2 3","pages":"86-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7990315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25517670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The neuropeptide Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid peptide, with a wide-range of biological activities including vasodilation [1], neurogenic inflammation [1], immune function [2] and hypertension [3]. In addition to these various roles, it has also been heavily implicated in metabolic disease, with roles in feeding, energy dissipation processes and pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion. One of the most striking effects of delivering CGRP either by intraperitoneal or intracranial routes is an acute reduction of food intake and energy expenditure [4–7]. This important function has been linked to activation of brain parabrachial neurons which contain CGRP and acutely suppress feeding to cause starvation [8]. Remarkably, CGRP is present in both central and peripheral nervous systems, where it is likely to have different biological activities. Krahn et al. noted that intracranial CGRP delivery was more potent at inhibiting feeding compared to intraperitoneal route [5]. Moreover, whole-body deletion of mouse CGRPα increased food intake, but also led to a surprising resistance to weight gain on diet-induced obesity [9], suggesting that complementary effects on energy expenditure were being recruited to dissipate the additional calories ingested. These data highlight the need to scrutinize central and peripheral specificity of the CGRP peptide in energy balance.
{"title":"Can Monoclonal Antibodies against CGRP Offer New Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes?","authors":"Celine E Riera","doi":"10.33696/diabetes.1.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/diabetes.1.028","url":null,"abstract":"The neuropeptide Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid peptide, with a wide-range of biological activities including vasodilation [1], neurogenic inflammation [1], immune function [2] and hypertension [3]. In addition to these various roles, it has also been heavily implicated in metabolic disease, with roles in feeding, energy dissipation processes and pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion. One of the most striking effects of delivering CGRP either by intraperitoneal or intracranial routes is an acute reduction of food intake and energy expenditure [4–7]. This important function has been linked to activation of brain parabrachial neurons which contain CGRP and acutely suppress feeding to cause starvation [8]. Remarkably, CGRP is present in both central and peripheral nervous systems, where it is likely to have different biological activities. Krahn et al. noted that intracranial CGRP delivery was more potent at inhibiting feeding compared to intraperitoneal route [5]. Moreover, whole-body deletion of mouse CGRPα increased food intake, but also led to a surprising resistance to weight gain on diet-induced obesity [9], suggesting that complementary effects on energy expenditure were being recruited to dissipate the additional calories ingested. These data highlight the need to scrutinize central and peripheral specificity of the CGRP peptide in energy balance.","PeriodicalId":73706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and clinical research","volume":"2 4","pages":"114-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7889048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25383473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rates of type 2 diabetes are reaching epidemic levels. Yet, the tissue specific alterations due to insulin resistance are only recently being investigated. The goal of the present study was to evaluate retinal insulin signal transduction in a common mouse model of type 2 diabetes, the db/db mouse. Retinal lysates from five month old male db/db and db/+ (control) mice were collected and processed for Western blotting or ELISA analyses for insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), Akt, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and caspase 3 levels. Data demonstrate increased TNFα and IRS-1 phosphorylation on serine 307. This led to decreased Akt phosphorylation on serine 473 and increased cleavage of caspase 3. Taken together, the data suggest dysfunctional insulin signaling in the retina of the db/db mouse. insulin.
{"title":"Insulin Signal Transduction is Impaired in the Type 2 Diabetic Retina.","authors":"Youde Jiang, Li Liu, Hainan Li, Jie-Mei Wang, Jena J Steinle","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rates of type 2 diabetes are reaching epidemic levels. Yet, the tissue specific alterations due to insulin resistance are only recently being investigated. The goal of the present study was to evaluate retinal insulin signal transduction in a common mouse model of type 2 diabetes, the db/db mouse. Retinal lysates from five month old male db/db and db/+ (control) mice were collected and processed for Western blotting or ELISA analyses for insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), Akt, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and caspase 3 levels. Data demonstrate increased TNFα and IRS-1 phosphorylation on serine 307. This led to decreased Akt phosphorylation on serine 473 and increased cleavage of caspase 3. Taken together, the data suggest dysfunctional insulin signaling in the retina of the db/db mouse. insulin.</p>","PeriodicalId":73706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and clinical research","volume":"2 1","pages":"12-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7236787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37957908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
40 In 2017, approximately 424.9 million adults (age 2079 yrs) were affected by diabetes, with 4 million deaths. Global diabetes burden is estimated to increase up to 628.9 million people. Moreover, diabetes care costed approximately $727 billion in 2017. In addition to mortality and economic cost, diabetes exerts huge effect on a patient’s life. It affects the adults at their most productive years which may lead to less productivity, mobility, and considerable expenditure. Diabetes has become one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in India as well. According to international reports, over 73 million adults were affected with diabetes in India in 2017. The total economic burden was estimated at around $32 billion. Of note, India will be home to the world’s largest population with diabetes by 2045 with approximately 134.3 million patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Approximately, 1 million are attributable to diabetes. India also houses the second largest population of T2DM patients with undiagnosed disease at around 42.2 million. Furthermore, India also reports more 16,000 cases of type 1 diabetes every year in children and adolescents with 128,500 children and adolescents suffering from type 1 disease in 2017. India also have the third largest population of elderly with T2DM of about 11 million patients. Diabetes is also responsible for loss of billions of dollars in GDP in India as well as worldwide [1].
{"title":"Obesity, Family History of Diabetes, and Consanguineous Marriages are Risk Factors among Urban Population in South Indian City of Bengaluru","authors":"Aravinda Jagadeesha","doi":"10.33696/diabetes.1.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/diabetes.1.007","url":null,"abstract":"40 In 2017, approximately 424.9 million adults (age 2079 yrs) were affected by diabetes, with 4 million deaths. Global diabetes burden is estimated to increase up to 628.9 million people. Moreover, diabetes care costed approximately $727 billion in 2017. In addition to mortality and economic cost, diabetes exerts huge effect on a patient’s life. It affects the adults at their most productive years which may lead to less productivity, mobility, and considerable expenditure. Diabetes has become one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in India as well. According to international reports, over 73 million adults were affected with diabetes in India in 2017. The total economic burden was estimated at around $32 billion. Of note, India will be home to the world’s largest population with diabetes by 2045 with approximately 134.3 million patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Approximately, 1 million are attributable to diabetes. India also houses the second largest population of T2DM patients with undiagnosed disease at around 42.2 million. Furthermore, India also reports more 16,000 cases of type 1 diabetes every year in children and adolescents with 128,500 children and adolescents suffering from type 1 disease in 2017. India also have the third largest population of elderly with T2DM of about 11 million patients. Diabetes is also responsible for loss of billions of dollars in GDP in India as well as worldwide [1].","PeriodicalId":73706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and clinical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48584214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youde Jiang, Li Liu, Hainan Li, Jiemei Wang, J. Steinle
Rates of type 2 diabetes are reaching epidemic levels. Yet, the tissue specific alterations due to insulin resistance are only recently being investigated. The goal of the present study was to evaluate retinal insulin signal transduction in a common mouse model of type 2 diabetes, the db/db mouse. Retinal lysates from five month old male db/db and db/+ (control) mice were collected and processed for Western blotting or ELISA analyses for insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), Akt, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and caspase 3 levels. Data demonstrate increased TNFα and IRS-1 phosphorylation on serine 307. This led to decreased Akt phosphorylation on serine 473 and increased cleavage of caspase 3. Taken together, the data suggest dysfunctional insulin signaling in the retina of the db/db mouse.
{"title":"Insulin Signal Transduction is Impaired in the Type 2 Diabetic Retina","authors":"Youde Jiang, Li Liu, Hainan Li, Jiemei Wang, J. Steinle","doi":"10.1101/856245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/856245","url":null,"abstract":"Rates of type 2 diabetes are reaching epidemic levels. Yet, the tissue specific alterations due to insulin resistance are only recently being investigated. The goal of the present study was to evaluate retinal insulin signal transduction in a common mouse model of type 2 diabetes, the db/db mouse. Retinal lysates from five month old male db/db and db/+ (control) mice were collected and processed for Western blotting or ELISA analyses for insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), Akt, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and caspase 3 levels. Data demonstrate increased TNFα and IRS-1 phosphorylation on serine 307. This led to decreased Akt phosphorylation on serine 473 and increased cleavage of caspase 3. Taken together, the data suggest dysfunctional insulin signaling in the retina of the db/db mouse.","PeriodicalId":73706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and clinical research","volume":"2 1","pages":"12 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42063556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Editorial is usually a brief article, written by the editor that expresses publishers or journals collective views on a current issue. As an Emeritus Professor, I have taken the liberty of writing these editorial comments, at the invitation of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Diabetes and Clinical Research. I am briefly discussing collective views of the Global Health Organizations, as well as expressing my own views, on this very important subject, -Global Syndemic of Metabolic Diseases.
{"title":"Global Syndemic of Metabolic Diseases: Editorial Comments","authors":"G. Rao","doi":"10.33696/diabetes.1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/diabetes.1.002","url":null,"abstract":"Editorial is usually a brief article, written by the editor that expresses publishers or journals collective views on a current issue. As an Emeritus Professor, I have taken the liberty of writing these editorial comments, at the invitation of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Diabetes and Clinical Research. I am briefly discussing collective views of the Global Health Organizations, as well as expressing my own views, on this very important subject, -Global Syndemic of Metabolic Diseases.","PeriodicalId":73706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and clinical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69669792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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