Pub Date : 2021-01-14DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90942
Wei Zheng, B. Deng
Adenomyosis is a benign uterus disease in which the invasion of the endometrial glands and/or stroma within myometrium is found and usually appears between the ages of 40 and 50 years in women. There are several differences in their pathogenesis. The secondary dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia are the common symptoms. Ultrasound sonography, MRI, CA125, and histological examination can be helpful for the diagnosis of adenomyosis. The treatment of adenomyosis depends on the patient’s age, symptoms, and desire for future fertility, including medical treatment and surgical treatment.
{"title":"Adenomyosis","authors":"Wei Zheng, B. Deng","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90942","url":null,"abstract":"Adenomyosis is a benign uterus disease in which the invasion of the endometrial glands and/or stroma within myometrium is found and usually appears between the ages of 40 and 50 years in women. There are several differences in their pathogenesis. The secondary dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia are the common symptoms. Ultrasound sonography, MRI, CA125, and histological examination can be helpful for the diagnosis of adenomyosis. The treatment of adenomyosis depends on the patient’s age, symptoms, and desire for future fertility, including medical treatment and surgical treatment.","PeriodicalId":73732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endometriosis","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85570069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-29DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93091
Francisco M. Peinado, Luz M. Iribarne-Durán, O. Ocón-Hernández, N. Olea, F. Artacho-Cordón
In the last years, the variety and consumption of cosmetics and personal care products (PCPs) have greatly increased, although the long-term adverse effects to low doses of chemicals used in their production and with proven hormone-mimicking properties have been still poorly addressed. Among these endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), parabens, benzophenones, bisphenols, and phthalates are the most widely found in these products. Given the estrogenic-dependent nature of the endometrium, it has been hypothesized the potential contribution of these EDCs contained in cosmetics and PCPs in the risk of endometriosis. In this book chapter, we have summarized the current evidence supporting this hypothesis, highlighting epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro studies that have addressed the potential influence of parabens, benzophenones, bisphenols, and phthalates in the origin and progression of this chronic feminine disease.
{"title":"Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products and Risk of Endometriosis","authors":"Francisco M. Peinado, Luz M. Iribarne-Durán, O. Ocón-Hernández, N. Olea, F. Artacho-Cordón","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.93091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93091","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years, the variety and consumption of cosmetics and personal care products (PCPs) have greatly increased, although the long-term adverse effects to low doses of chemicals used in their production and with proven hormone-mimicking properties have been still poorly addressed. Among these endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), parabens, benzophenones, bisphenols, and phthalates are the most widely found in these products. Given the estrogenic-dependent nature of the endometrium, it has been hypothesized the potential contribution of these EDCs contained in cosmetics and PCPs in the risk of endometriosis. In this book chapter, we have summarized the current evidence supporting this hypothesis, highlighting epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro studies that have addressed the potential influence of parabens, benzophenones, bisphenols, and phthalates in the origin and progression of this chronic feminine disease.","PeriodicalId":73732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endometriosis","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84864477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-29DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91820
P. Alexander, Koval Alexey, F. Antón, Tyurina Svetlana, Fedotova Irina, Khabibullakh Tamana
Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases in the world with a great variety of symptoms and clinical features. The true prevalence rates in the general population are not known, but according to different authors, endometriosis is to be found in 10% in women of reproductive age. According to different publications, around half of the patients with infertility were diagnosed with endometriosis which change the significance of this disease from the only female to a socio-economical problem. In this chapter, we will focus on the current view on endometriosis-associated infertility, from superficial to adenomyosis, with a closer view of surgical treatment, as it is still the standard of care for diagnosis and in severe cases—treatment of the disease.
{"title":"Benefits of Surgical Intervention in Women with Endometriosis-Related Infertility","authors":"P. Alexander, Koval Alexey, F. Antón, Tyurina Svetlana, Fedotova Irina, Khabibullakh Tamana","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91820","url":null,"abstract":"Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases in the world with a great variety of symptoms and clinical features. The true prevalence rates in the general population are not known, but according to different authors, endometriosis is to be found in 10% in women of reproductive age. According to different publications, around half of the patients with infertility were diagnosed with endometriosis which change the significance of this disease from the only female to a socio-economical problem. In this chapter, we will focus on the current view on endometriosis-associated infertility, from superficial to adenomyosis, with a closer view of surgical treatment, as it is still the standard of care for diagnosis and in severe cases—treatment of the disease.","PeriodicalId":73732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endometriosis","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76649387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-02DOI: 10.1201/9780429448980-12
M. Rohilla
{"title":"Adenomyosis and endometriosis","authors":"M. Rohilla","doi":"10.1201/9780429448980-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429448980-12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endometriosis","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72393053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnostic evaluation","authors":"Neha Agarwal, S. Chopra, A. Syal","doi":"10.1201/9780429448980-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429448980-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endometriosis","volume":"329 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78430785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medical management of endometriosis","authors":"Bharti Joshi, N. Aggarwal","doi":"10.1201/9780429448980-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429448980-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endometriosis","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91042626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-19DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91324
Victoria Turpin, A. Leonova, Sanjay Agarwal, W. Foster
Endometriosis is a common estrogen dependent and inflammatory disease affecting approximately 176 million women worldwide. Currently, the time between onset of symptoms and a definitive diagnosis has been reported by several international studies to range from 6 to 12 years. Presently, laparoscopic surgery followed by histopathological confirmation of lesions remains the gold standard for diagnosis. In part because of cost and invasiveness, current trends favor reduced laparoscopic surgeries in preference of the non-surgical diagnosis of endometriosis. However, the search for a clinical marker or markers of endometriosis that provide equal or similar sensitivity and specificity to laparoscopy has remained elusive. Thus, the search for a diagnostic test for the diagnosis of endometriosis continues to be a high priority research and clinical issue. Recent studies have reported favorable results with microRNA; however, lack of replication and absence of validation suggest that circulating miRNA may not be reliable for clinical use. Use of different screening platforms together with divergent methods may account for some of the lack or reproducibility in the literature. Herein we critically assess the recent literature and explore sources for discrepant findings. We suggest that prospective studies using validated reference miRNA to normalize results together with improved study design may yet reveal a suitable diagnostic marker or panel of markers for the diagnosis of endometriosis.
{"title":"microRNA and Overcoming the Challenges of Their Use in the Diagnosis of Endometriosis","authors":"Victoria Turpin, A. Leonova, Sanjay Agarwal, W. Foster","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91324","url":null,"abstract":"Endometriosis is a common estrogen dependent and inflammatory disease affecting approximately 176 million women worldwide. Currently, the time between onset of symptoms and a definitive diagnosis has been reported by several international studies to range from 6 to 12 years. Presently, laparoscopic surgery followed by histopathological confirmation of lesions remains the gold standard for diagnosis. In part because of cost and invasiveness, current trends favor reduced laparoscopic surgeries in preference of the non-surgical diagnosis of endometriosis. However, the search for a clinical marker or markers of endometriosis that provide equal or similar sensitivity and specificity to laparoscopy has remained elusive. Thus, the search for a diagnostic test for the diagnosis of endometriosis continues to be a high priority research and clinical issue. Recent studies have reported favorable results with microRNA; however, lack of replication and absence of validation suggest that circulating miRNA may not be reliable for clinical use. Use of different screening platforms together with divergent methods may account for some of the lack or reproducibility in the literature. Herein we critically assess the recent literature and explore sources for discrepant findings. We suggest that prospective studies using validated reference miRNA to normalize results together with improved study design may yet reveal a suitable diagnostic marker or panel of markers for the diagnosis of endometriosis.","PeriodicalId":73732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endometriosis","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78461968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne Marie Darling, Jorge E Chavarro, Susan Malspeis, Holly R Harris, Stacey A Missmer
Purpose: Diet is a potentially modifiable risk factor for endometriosis. It has been hypothesized that vitamins C, E, and the B vitamins may influence factors involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, such as oxidative stress and steroid hormone metabolism. In this large, prospective cohort study, we examined the relation between intake of vitamins C, E, the B vitamins, and the use of multivitamin supplements and diagnosis of endometriosis.
Methods: Data were collected from women in the Nurses' Health Study II between 1991 and 2005. Diet was assessed via food frequency questionnaire. Incidence rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using time-varying Cox proportional hazards models.
Results: A total of 1383 incident cases of laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis were observed among 70,617 women during 735,286 person years of follow-up. Intakes of thiamine (B1) (RR = 0.84, CI = 0.72-0.99; P-value, test for linear trend [P] = 0.04), folate (B9) (RR = 0.79, CI = 0.66-0.93; P = 0.003), vitamin C (RR = 0.81, CI = 0.68-0.95; P = 0.02), and vitamin E (RR = 0.70, CI = 0.59-0.83; P<0.0001) solely from food sources were inversely related to endometriosis diagnosis. However, intakes of these nutrients from supplements alone were unrelated to endometriosis.
Conclusion: Thiamine, folate, vitamin C, and vitamin E from food sources are inversely related to endometriosis risk. Our results suggest that the protective mechanism may not be related to the nutrients themselves but rather other components of foods rich in these micronutrients or factors correlated with diets high in these vitamin-rich foods.
目的:饮食是子宫内膜异位症的一个潜在可改变的危险因素。有假说认为维生素C、E和B族维生素可能影响子宫内膜异位症发病的相关因素，如氧化应激和类固醇激素代谢。在这项大型的前瞻性队列研究中，我们研究了维生素C、E、B族维生素的摄入量、复合维生素补充剂的使用和子宫内膜异位症诊断之间的关系。方法:收集1991年至2005年护士健康研究II中妇女的数据。通过食物频率问卷对饮食进行评估。使用时变Cox比例风险模型估计发病率比(RR)和95%置信区间(CI)。结果:在735,286人年的随访中，70,617名女性共观察到1383例腹腔镜确诊子宫内膜异位症。硫胺素(B1)摄入量(RR = 0.84, CI = 0.72-0.99;P值，线性趋势检验[P] = 0.04)，叶酸(B9) (RR = 0.79, CI = 0.66-0.93;P = 0.003)，维生素C (RR = 0.81, CI = 0.68-0.95;P = 0.02)，维生素E (RR = 0.70, CI = 0.59-0.83;结论:食物来源的硫胺素、叶酸、维生素C和维生素E与子宫内膜异位症风险呈负相关。我们的研究结果表明，这种保护机制可能与营养素本身无关，而是与富含这些微量营养素的食物的其他成分或与富含这些维生素的食物的饮食相关的因素有关。
{"title":"A prospective cohort study of Vitamins B, C, E, and multivitamin intake and endometriosis.","authors":"Anne Marie Darling, Jorge E Chavarro, Susan Malspeis, Holly R Harris, Stacey A Missmer","doi":"10.5301/je.5000151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5301/je.5000151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Diet is a potentially modifiable risk factor for endometriosis. It has been hypothesized that vitamins C, E, and the B vitamins may influence factors involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, such as oxidative stress and steroid hormone metabolism. In this large, prospective cohort study, we examined the relation between intake of vitamins C, E, the B vitamins, and the use of multivitamin supplements and diagnosis of endometriosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from women in the Nurses' Health Study II between 1991 and 2005. Diet was assessed via food frequency questionnaire. Incidence rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using time-varying Cox proportional hazards models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1383 incident cases of laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis were observed among 70,617 women during 735,286 person years of follow-up. Intakes of thiamine (B1) (RR = 0.84, CI = 0.72-0.99; P-value, test for linear trend [P] = 0.04), folate (B9) (RR = 0.79, CI = 0.66-0.93; P = 0.003), vitamin C (RR = 0.81, CI = 0.68-0.95; P = 0.02), and vitamin E (RR = 0.70, CI = 0.59-0.83; P<0.0001) solely from food sources were inversely related to endometriosis diagnosis. However, intakes of these nutrients from supplements alone were unrelated to endometriosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thiamine, folate, vitamin C, and vitamin E from food sources are inversely related to endometriosis risk. Our results suggest that the protective mechanism may not be related to the nutrients themselves but rather other components of foods rich in these micronutrients or factors correlated with diets high in these vitamin-rich foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":73732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endometriosis","volume":"5 1","pages":"17-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5301/je.5000151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32102029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Belinda F. Wurn, Lawrence J. Wurn, Kimberley Patterson, C. R. King, E. S. Scharf
® - Patent pending AbstrAct Purpose: To assess the efficacy of a non-invasive, site-specific manual physiotherapeutic technique in ameliorating dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea, commonly associated with endometriosis, by perform- ing a retrospective and prospective analysis, respectively. Methods: Human female subjects, all surgically diagnosed with endometriosis, were enrolled in each of the studies post informed consent. Each subject underwent 20 hours of site-specific manual physi- cal therapy (Wurn Technique) designed to address adhesions and restrictions in soft tissue mobility in the abdomen and the pelvic floor. Post-test was completed 6 weeks after treatment. Evaluation incorporated outcome prediction based on Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for analyzing the ef- fect on dyspareunia and sexual function (n=14) and quantitative differences in ratings of average pain during menstrual cycle and intercourse based on the Mankoski Pain Scale for analyzing the effect on dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia (n=18), respectively. Data was analyzed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (two-sided). results: FSFI Full Scale score showed overall statistically significant improvements (P=.001) for all domains of sexual function, inclusive of dyspareunia (P<.001) in the retrospective analyses. Mankoski Pain Scale exhibited statistically significant improvements in menstrual cycle (P<.014), dysmenorrhea (P=.008) and dyspareunia (P=.001) in the prospective analyses. conclusion: Site-specific manual physiotherapy might offer a non-pharmacologic and non-surgical alternative in the treatment of dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea in endometriosis patients. Further ran- domized, blinded, and multi-center assessment of the technique is warranted to validate the results and gauge any potential pitfalls.
{"title":"Decreasing Dyspareunia and Dysmenorrhea in Women with Endometriosis via a Manual Physical Therapy*: Results from Two Independent Studies","authors":"Belinda F. Wurn, Lawrence J. Wurn, Kimberley Patterson, C. R. King, E. S. Scharf","doi":"10.5301/JE.2012.9088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5301/JE.2012.9088","url":null,"abstract":"® - Patent pending AbstrAct Purpose: To assess the efficacy of a non-invasive, site-specific manual physiotherapeutic technique in ameliorating dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea, commonly associated with endometriosis, by perform- ing a retrospective and prospective analysis, respectively. Methods: Human female subjects, all surgically diagnosed with endometriosis, were enrolled in each of the studies post informed consent. Each subject underwent 20 hours of site-specific manual physi- cal therapy (Wurn Technique) designed to address adhesions and restrictions in soft tissue mobility in the abdomen and the pelvic floor. Post-test was completed 6 weeks after treatment. Evaluation incorporated outcome prediction based on Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for analyzing the ef- fect on dyspareunia and sexual function (n=14) and quantitative differences in ratings of average pain during menstrual cycle and intercourse based on the Mankoski Pain Scale for analyzing the effect on dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia (n=18), respectively. Data was analyzed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (two-sided). results: FSFI Full Scale score showed overall statistically significant improvements (P=.001) for all domains of sexual function, inclusive of dyspareunia (P<.001) in the retrospective analyses. Mankoski Pain Scale exhibited statistically significant improvements in menstrual cycle (P<.014), dysmenorrhea (P=.008) and dyspareunia (P=.001) in the prospective analyses. conclusion: Site-specific manual physiotherapy might offer a non-pharmacologic and non-surgical alternative in the treatment of dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea in endometriosis patients. Further ran- domized, blinded, and multi-center assessment of the technique is warranted to validate the results and gauge any potential pitfalls.","PeriodicalId":73732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endometriosis","volume":"20 1","pages":"188 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5301/JE.2012.9088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70595661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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