Journal of healthy eating and active living最新文献

The purpose of this scoping review was to identify subjectively-measured environmental initiatives or factors that influence PA, HE, and/or breastfeeding practices within rural U.S. communities. Guided by a scientific research librarian, searches occurred February through July 2020. Grey literature searches spanned Google, Google Scholar, government pages, and public health, federal nutrition assistance program, Cooperative Extension Services, and related webpages. Four academic databases (Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Agricola) were selected to identify peer-reviewed research and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global were used to identify dissertation research. Inclusion criteria included: (1) breastfeeding, HE, and/or PA focus; (2) environmental factors assessed using subjective measures; (3) specific to U.S. rural populations/contexts; and (4) English language. PA environment results focused on initiatives or factors in recreation (parks, playgrounds, facilities; n=54), street/sidewalk (n=44), or school (n=33) settings. PA environmental initiatives/factors included increasing transport/accessibility or addressing geographic disparities for recreation settings, improving/installing walkability features for streets/sidewalks, integrating PA into lessons, or improving PA equipment/spaces for school settings. HE environment results focused on initiatives in retail (n=65) and schools/childcare (n=33) settings. HE environment change initiatives/factors in retail settings included increasing the availability of fruits/vegetables in existing establishments or the prevalence of healthy food outlets. In schools, HE environmental initiatives/factors increased fruits/vegetables served and/or reduced unhealthy foods. Breastfeeding environment results focused on workplace settings (n=3). Breastfeeding environment initiatives/recommendations in workplaces included increasing compatibility for breastfeeding by addressing environmental and cultural barriers. Results from this scoping review were used to create recommendations to improve PA, HE, or breastfeeding environments in rural U.S. settings.

The purpose of this scoping review was to identify objectively-measured environmental initiatives or features that impact physical activity (PA), healthy eating (HE), and/or breastfeeding practices among rural communities in the United States. A secondary aim was to assess measurement approaches for assessing rural environments and resources. Searches, informed by a scientific librarian, occurred from February to July 2020. Grey literature was identified using Google, Google Scholar, Google government pages, public health, federal nutrition assistance program, Cooperative Extension Services, and related webpages. Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and Agricola academic databases were selected to identify peer-reviewed research. ProQuest Global was used to identify dissertation/thesis research. Inclusion criteria included: (1) focus on PA, HE, and/or breastfeeding; (2) environmental features assessed using objective measures; (3) specific to U.S. rural populations/contexts; and (4) English language. PA environment results (n=49) focused on initiatives in parks and recreational settings, streets or sidewalks, schools, trails and greenways, workplaces, and churches. HE environment results (n=84) focused on retail environments, schools/childcare settings, food assistance programs, local food producers, and hospital or healthcare settings. Breastfeeding environment results (n=11) focused on healthcare settings, workplace settings, and food retail settings. To measure PA, HE, and breastfeeding environments, audits, scans, and administrative data were mostly used. Results from this scoping review were used to create recommendations for environmental interventions related to PA, HE, and breastfeeding in under-resourced, rural communities. Researchers and practitioners can also use findings from this study to understand best practices for objectively measuring environmental resources in rural contexts.

Designed to improve outcomes for children from high-poverty, low-performing schools, the federally funded 21^st Century Community Learning Centers (CCLC) program emphasizes academic outcomes. We examined the effects of participation in academic and leisure activities in Michigan 21^st CCLC programs on English language arts (ELA) and mathematics grades among seventh- and eighth-grade students. Leisure activities were defined as any nonacademic activity: recreation and social time, physical movement, youth development, arts, and health and nutrition. Results showed that male students, low-income students, and academically at-risk students had lower grades in both ELA and math grades than their counterparts, regardless of other demographic factors or participation patterns. Data from our sample did not reveal any racial differences in ELA and math grades. Being older and having special education status were both associated with lower ELA grades, while English language learners tended to have higher ELA grades. After adjusting for these demographic differences, our study found that the dosage of leisure activities was linked to better math grades, while the dosage of academic activities was not linked to either ELA or math grades. A 10-hour increase in leisure activity time was associated with an increase in the math grade point of approximately 0.02 (A = grade point 4; B = 3), on average. Our study suggests that children from disadvantaged backgrounds might be best served when 21^st CCLC programs balance their academic focus with play and leisure activities.

Active transportation such as walking, bicycling, scootering, or using a wheelchair has direct physical and mental health benefits. Electric bicycles (e-bikes) have great potential as a form of active transportation. The Massachusetts Clean Energy Center partnered with the Massachusetts Bicycle Coalition (MassBike) to develop and pilot test a program to provide free pedal assist e-bikes with implementation support for income-eligible residents in Worcester, MA as a strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. MassBike received program funding over two years to provide 100 free e-bicycles to income-eligible individuals who live or work in Worcester utilizing a community-engaged approach. The e-bike pilot program took place from August 2022-May 2024. Overall, 64% of the 96 participants regularly reported their e-bike usage during the first 13 months of deployment. Per month, participants who reported their usage on average made 17 trips, rode 65 miles, and were physically active for 20 minutes per trip using their e-bike. Program results demonstrated high aggregate levels as well as strong start-up levels with a return to similar results when weather became milder after winter dips. Lessons learned include the time needed for behavior shifts and retention and reporting challenges. These preliminary results offer a glimpse of the opportunities for increased physical activity possible with a climate change mitigation strategy of active transportation.

Physical activity is important for human health. During the Coronavirus pandemic, there has been a significant reduction in physical activity. The same happened for college students due to lockdowns and the disruption of normal life. While many universities and colleges are in small cities in the U.S., few studies have been conducted on college students in small cities in the U.S. This current study focuses on closing the gap of literature and examining the physical activity and health of college students in a small Southern city during the pandemic. The anonymous survey was conducted and data were analyzed using basic statistics and Chi-square analysis. Results suggest that more students realized the importance of exercise, but there is a disconnect between students' view of exercise and their daily actions. Findings from this study will add to the understanding of the previously identified gap and inform universities on what support they could provide in promoting physical activity and healthy lifestyles to college students. Moreover, the findings could inform public health officials in preparing better public health policies in future health emergencies with awareness of their impact on health and physical activity. Finally, the findings can also help colleges improve their curriculum on physical education to address this widespread health issue.

While parks hold potential as inclusive spaces for promoting physical activity, perceptions of safety from crime may affect their use, especially in low-to middle-income countries. Safety perceptions may be shaped by gender and park type; however, these relationships have not been explored in Mexico. The aim of this study was to explore associations between safety perceptions and park type by gender. This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study. We assessed perceptions of safety from crime in Mexican adult park users in Jalisco state. Six parks were classified into three categories: 1) Metropolitan parks with controlled gate access (gated), 2) Metropolitan parks without controlled gate access (open), and 3) Linear parks (linear). We ran binary logistic regression models to investigate the association between safety perception and park type, and safety perception and gender. We found that men were more likely to feel safe than women, regardless of park type, and users of linear parks were more likely to feel safe than users of gated parks, regardless of gender. Safety perception is related to park type and park user gender. Future studies should explore which specific park attributes are influencing park user safety perception and how to address gender disparities.

The Live Well Allegheny-Lifting Wellness for African Americans (LWA2) Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) Initiative was created to address racial health disparities in chronic disease, as well as structural determinants and systems of oppression at their root, among the Black community in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania (PA). LWA²-REACH implemented active transportation projects focused on predominantly Black neighborhoods. In doing so, LWA²-REACH enabled-for Allegheny County-a first-of-its-kind connection between two county departments-economic development and the health department-and Black priority communities in the Monongahela River Valley and the Homewood neighborhood of Pittsburgh, PA. During years four and five of the initiative, two miles of road for bicycle use and three miles of road for pedestrian use were improved through traffic calming, safety techniques, and sidewalk replacement. The evolution of the relationships between LWA²-REACH communities and Allegheny County Economic Development generated an iterative, reciprocal awareness of community residents regarding the benefits of active transportation planning processes for their communities, and of municipalities regarding the interest of REACH community residents in engaging in active transportation planning processes. This work is a model for how to apply multi-sector, resident-engaged chronic disease prevention initiatives in predominantly Black communities as part of a comprehensive strategy to increase racial health equity by reducing racial health disparities.

The development and distribution of educational materials is a key strategy to support the implementation of evidence-based interventions (EBIs). Rural communities have higher rates of physical inactivity and face higher burden of many diseases that increased physical activity can prevent. To support the translation of a developed physical activity intervention for adults in micropolitan communities (10,000-50,000 people), called Active Iowa, the University of Iowa Prevention Research Center for Rural Health (PRC-RH) created a toolkit and supplemental resources designed to guide implementers through the implementation of the intervention. Through a community-engaged process, the PRC-RH underwent three phases of review and evaluation of the developed products. The first phase involved the Community Advisory Board from the pilot intervention, the second involved the PRC-RH State Advisory Board and public health practitioners from across the state, and the third involved micropolitan leaders and micropolitan health department staff. The feedback received through these three phases resulted in changes to the developed products to improve usability, readability, and clarity. The feedback also resulted in the development of additional materials to further support the implementation of the intervention. The success the PRC-RH experienced in the review process can be attributed to the strong, established partnerships with practitioners across the state who represented a variety of community roles and organizations. The developed materials can be used to improve physical activity rates in rural and micropolitan communities, in turn reducing chronic diseases and improving the quality of life for rural residents.