Journal of healthy eating and active living最新文献

The purpose of this scoping review was to identify objectively-measured environmental initiatives or features that impact physical activity (PA), healthy eating (HE), and/or breastfeeding practices among rural communities in the United States. A secondary aim was to assess measurement approaches for assessing rural environments and resources. Searches, informed by a scientific librarian, occurred from February to July 2020. Grey literature was identified using Google, Google Scholar, Google government pages, public health, federal nutrition assistance program, Cooperative Extension Services, and related webpages. Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and Agricola academic databases were selected to identify peer-reviewed research. ProQuest Global was used to identify dissertation/thesis research. Inclusion criteria included: (1) focus on PA, HE, and/or breastfeeding; (2) environmental features assessed using objective measures; (3) specific to U.S. rural populations/contexts; and (4) English language. PA environment results (n=49) focused on initiatives in parks and recreational settings, streets or sidewalks, schools, trails and greenways, workplaces, and churches. HE environment results (n=84) focused on retail environments, schools/childcare settings, food assistance programs, local food producers, and hospital or healthcare settings. Breastfeeding environment results (n=11) focused on healthcare settings, workplace settings, and food retail settings. To measure PA, HE, and breastfeeding environments, audits, scans, and administrative data were mostly used. Results from this scoping review were used to create recommendations for environmental interventions related to PA, HE, and breastfeeding in under-resourced, rural communities. Researchers and practitioners can also use findings from this study to understand best practices for objectively measuring environmental resources in rural contexts.

Designed to improve outcomes for children from high-poverty, low-performing schools, the federally funded 21^st Century Community Learning Centers (CCLC) program emphasizes academic outcomes. We examined the effects of participation in academic and leisure activities in Michigan 21^st CCLC programs on English language arts (ELA) and mathematics grades among seventh- and eighth-grade students. Leisure activities were defined as any nonacademic activity: recreation and social time, physical movement, youth development, arts, and health and nutrition. Results showed that male students, low-income students, and academically at-risk students had lower grades in both ELA and math grades than their counterparts, regardless of other demographic factors or participation patterns. Data from our sample did not reveal any racial differences in ELA and math grades. Being older and having special education status were both associated with lower ELA grades, while English language learners tended to have higher ELA grades. After adjusting for these demographic differences, our study found that the dosage of leisure activities was linked to better math grades, while the dosage of academic activities was not linked to either ELA or math grades. A 10-hour increase in leisure activity time was associated with an increase in the math grade point of approximately 0.02 (A = grade point 4; B = 3), on average. Our study suggests that children from disadvantaged backgrounds might be best served when 21^st CCLC programs balance their academic focus with play and leisure activities.

Active transportation such as walking, bicycling, scootering, or using a wheelchair has direct physical and mental health benefits. Electric bicycles (e-bikes) have great potential as a form of active transportation. The Massachusetts Clean Energy Center partnered with the Massachusetts Bicycle Coalition (MassBike) to develop and pilot test a program to provide free pedal assist e-bikes with implementation support for income-eligible residents in Worcester, MA as a strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. MassBike received program funding over two years to provide 100 free e-bicycles to income-eligible individuals who live or work in Worcester utilizing a community-engaged approach. The e-bike pilot program took place from August 2022-May 2024. Overall, 64% of the 96 participants regularly reported their e-bike usage during the first 13 months of deployment. Per month, participants who reported their usage on average made 17 trips, rode 65 miles, and were physically active for 20 minutes per trip using their e-bike. Program results demonstrated high aggregate levels as well as strong start-up levels with a return to similar results when weather became milder after winter dips. Lessons learned include the time needed for behavior shifts and retention and reporting challenges. These preliminary results offer a glimpse of the opportunities for increased physical activity possible with a climate change mitigation strategy of active transportation.

Physical activity is important for human health. During the Coronavirus pandemic, there has been a significant reduction in physical activity. The same happened for college students due to lockdowns and the disruption of normal life. While many universities and colleges are in small cities in the U.S., few studies have been conducted on college students in small cities in the U.S. This current study focuses on closing the gap of literature and examining the physical activity and health of college students in a small Southern city during the pandemic. The anonymous survey was conducted and data were analyzed using basic statistics and Chi-square analysis. Results suggest that more students realized the importance of exercise, but there is a disconnect between students' view of exercise and their daily actions. Findings from this study will add to the understanding of the previously identified gap and inform universities on what support they could provide in promoting physical activity and healthy lifestyles to college students. Moreover, the findings could inform public health officials in preparing better public health policies in future health emergencies with awareness of their impact on health and physical activity. Finally, the findings can also help colleges improve their curriculum on physical education to address this widespread health issue.

While parks hold potential as inclusive spaces for promoting physical activity, perceptions of safety from crime may affect their use, especially in low-to middle-income countries. Safety perceptions may be shaped by gender and park type; however, these relationships have not been explored in Mexico. The aim of this study was to explore associations between safety perceptions and park type by gender. This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study. We assessed perceptions of safety from crime in Mexican adult park users in Jalisco state. Six parks were classified into three categories: 1) Metropolitan parks with controlled gate access (gated), 2) Metropolitan parks without controlled gate access (open), and 3) Linear parks (linear). We ran binary logistic regression models to investigate the association between safety perception and park type, and safety perception and gender. We found that men were more likely to feel safe than women, regardless of park type, and users of linear parks were more likely to feel safe than users of gated parks, regardless of gender. Safety perception is related to park type and park user gender. Future studies should explore which specific park attributes are influencing park user safety perception and how to address gender disparities.

The Live Well Allegheny-Lifting Wellness for African Americans (LWA2) Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) Initiative was created to address racial health disparities in chronic disease, as well as structural determinants and systems of oppression at their root, among the Black community in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania (PA). LWA²-REACH implemented active transportation projects focused on predominantly Black neighborhoods. In doing so, LWA²-REACH enabled-for Allegheny County-a first-of-its-kind connection between two county departments-economic development and the health department-and Black priority communities in the Monongahela River Valley and the Homewood neighborhood of Pittsburgh, PA. During years four and five of the initiative, two miles of road for bicycle use and three miles of road for pedestrian use were improved through traffic calming, safety techniques, and sidewalk replacement. The evolution of the relationships between LWA²-REACH communities and Allegheny County Economic Development generated an iterative, reciprocal awareness of community residents regarding the benefits of active transportation planning processes for their communities, and of municipalities regarding the interest of REACH community residents in engaging in active transportation planning processes. This work is a model for how to apply multi-sector, resident-engaged chronic disease prevention initiatives in predominantly Black communities as part of a comprehensive strategy to increase racial health equity by reducing racial health disparities.

Green social prescriptions (GSPs) include interventions designed to combat sedentary behavior and preventable diseases by leveraging the benefits of nature-based physical activity. As these programs are still evolving, there is limited data regarding the likelihood of participation from an international perspective. This study examined factors influencing participation likelihood in GSPs across various geographic contexts, levels of greenness, nature-relatedness, well-being, and socio-demographic variables. We conducted an online, cross-sectional survey with 2,467 participants from Australia, India, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States in September 2022. Participants reported their likelihood of participating in GSPs with four distinct outcomes, and we calculated an aggregate participation likelihood score. We used linear regression models to analyze associations between variables and participation likelihood, including models stratified by gender and country. Results showed that a more positive attitude towards nature was the strongest predictor of participation likelihood. Positive associations were found with educational attainment, financial comfort, and time spent in greenspace, while male gender and better well-being were linked to lower participation likelihood. Some differences in associations were revealed when stratified by country. An interaction between urban setting and greenness indicated that individuals in greener urban areas, particularly males, were less likely to feel the need for GSPs. These findings highlight that GSPs are likely to reach people who already share positive attitudes towards nature. Results indicate targeted interventions may be useful for individuals with less favorable attitudes towards nature, and males in particular, to increase likelihood of participation. Further research should explore cultural differences and the impact of health status on GSP participation. Understanding these factors can inform more equitable and effective GSP implementation.

Higher education has recently experienced unprecedented faculty exodus, largely due to burnout. Burnout is associated with poor health outcomes. Active lifestyles contribute to health and reduced burnout, but research investigating wellness behaviors and burnout amongst university faculty and staff is lacking. The purpose of this study was to assess wellness behaviors including physical activity, nutrition and sleep in university faculty and staff and their associations with burnout. This mixed methods study included two phases. First phase was a quantitative survey assessing burnout total burnout, self-reported physical activity, nutrition and sleep behaviors. Phase II was a qualitative open-ended questionnaire assessing perceptions of workplace factors associated with burnout and campus resources to support wellness. A total of 294 faculty and staff participated in phase I. The majority of respondents identified as female (n= 158, 53.7%) and in faculty roles, n=150 (53.6%). The majority of participants, n=169 (57.5%) reported moderate or high levels of burnout. The majority of participants were inactive or minimally active, n=174 (59.2%). There was a statistically significant, positive, correlation between physical activity status and personal burnout, r(252)=0.21, p <0.001. Of 48 participants in phase II, access to wellness resources and organizational factors emerged as factors associated with burnout. Participants expressed desires for improved access to exercise and wellness resources and described disparities between student resources and those for faculty. This research might be used to inform practice through the development of support programs, wellness initiatives, or facilities for physical activity on campus for faculty and staff.

Increasing transportation walking (i.e., walking to get to and from destinations) is a key strategy for increasing physical activity, but what is not well understood are factors preventing people who do not walk for transportation from initiating that practice and current transportation walkers from maintaining or increasing this behavior. This study describes factors preventing adults who report walking or not walking for transportation from regularly walking to destinations near home. National data from the 2022 Summer Styles survey included 3,955 U.S. adults who indicated factors preventing them from regularly walking to places within a 10-minute walk of their home, selecting all that apply from 11 environmental, access, or individual factors, or "None of the above." We estimated weighted prevalence for each factor and conducted pairwise t-tests to identify significant differences (p<.05) by transportation walking status. About 31% of adults not walking for transportation in the past 7 days reported having no places to walk to within a 10-minute walk, more than double the prevalence among transportation walkers (14%). Compared to transportation walkers, more adults not walking for transportation reported individual factors (i.e., 24% preferred driving or being driven, vs. 19%; 23% reported inconvenience, vs. 19%), while more transportation walkers reported environmental factors (e.g., 40% reported hot or humid conditions, vs. 34%) or none of the factors. These findings suggest those not walking for transportation may need varied interventions, such as mixed land use for near-home destinations and individual supports, to meet their needs for transportation walking.

Leadership styles and skills are associated with group dynamics, creativity, and project implementation in community change initiatives; specifically, collaborative leadership skills can lead to a greater likelihood of effective, sustainable improvement in the health of communities. This study sought to examine the leadership styles and skills of Extension Agents engaged in leading a community policy, system, and environmental change initiative. Our aim was to describe how collaborative the leadership style of these leaders was and how high they scored in collaborative leadership skills. Data were collected among Extension Agents at baseline (n=7), prior to program training or implementation, focused on leadership style and collaborative leadership skills. A 16item leadership styles survey was used to assess Agents' scores for four leadership styles: 1) authoritative; 2) democratic; 3) facilitative; 4) situational. Collaborative leadership skills were measured using the Turning Point Collaborative Leadership Questionnaire, which evaluates key behaviors within the six skills of effective collaborative leaders: assessing the environment, creating clarity, building trust, sharing power and influence, developing people, and self-reflection. Agents were most often authoritative in their leadership style, although four out of seven Agents had two styles tied for highest score. Most Agents scored as excellent in assessing the environment (n=4), sharing power and influence (n=5), and developing people (n=5). The highest proportions were in the strong category for creating clarity (n=4), building trust (n=4), and self-reflection (n=4). While Agents demonstrated variety across the characteristics, there were consistencies both in leadership type and collaborative skills. Clinical Trial #: NCT05002660. ClinicalTrials.gov. Registered 4 August 2021.