Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.13189/APP.2019.070302
S. M. Hosseininejad, Fatemeh Jahanian, Iraj Goli Khatir, Seyed Hossein Montazer, F. Bozorgi, Nazanin Nosrati, F. H. Kiabi
Introduction: Pain is one of the most common reasons that patients visit emergency departments. Morphine has been used extensively in pain management but there is no consensus about the effectiveness of method of administration. The aim of this study was to compare the divided dose vs bolus medication form of morphine sulfate for management of acute pain in traumatic fracture. Methods: we designed a randomized double-blind clinical trial. On basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 160 patients with acute traumatic fracture were enrolled to the study and randomly divided into two groups. The first group (bolus group) received 0.1mg/kg morphine and then 0.1mg/kg normal saline every 5 minutes. The second group (titration group) received 0.1mg/kg of morphine in divided doses every 5 minutes. All injections were intravenously. The primary outcome was pain and before of injection, 15 minutes and 60 minutes after injection were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19. Results: 77 patients included 49 (63.6%) male with mean age of 47.42 ± 13.15 years were in titration group and 83 patients included 47 males (56.6%) with mean age of 52.40 ± 15.62 years were in bolus group. The complication rate was significantly higher in bolus group (75.9% vs 53.2%, P <0.0001). The need to extra morphine injection in bolus and titration group were 62.7% and 28.6%, respectively (P <0.0001). The mean pain score before and at 15 and 60 minutes after injection were 9.56 ± 1.03, 6.61 ± 1.86 and 1.85 ± 1.13 in titration group and 9.76 ± 0.48, 6.53 ± 1.59 and 0.61 ± 0.46 in bolus group, respectively. The pain score was significantly lower in titration group at 60 minutes after injection (P <0.0001). Discussion: The results of this study showed that titration of morphine are a safe and effective method in compared with bolus administration to reducing acute pain in traumatic fracture.
疼痛是患者到急诊科就诊最常见的原因之一。吗啡已广泛应用于疼痛治疗，但对给药方法的有效性尚无共识。本研究的目的是比较分剂量vs丸药物形式的硫酸吗啡急性疼痛管理的创伤性骨折。方法:设计随机双盲临床试验。根据纳入和排除标准，160例急性外伤性骨折患者被纳入研究，随机分为两组。第一组(丸组)注射吗啡0.1mg/kg，再注射生理盐水0.1mg/kg，每5分钟注射一次。第二组(滴定组)给予吗啡0.1mg/kg，每5分钟分次给药。注射都是静脉注射。主要观察指标为疼痛、注射前、注射后15分钟和60分钟。数据采用SPSS 19进行分析。结果:滴剂组77例49例(63.6%)，男性，平均年龄47.42±13.15岁;丸剂组83例47例(56.6%)，平均年龄52.40±15.62岁。大剂量组并发症发生率明显高于大剂量组(75.9% vs 53.2%， P <0.0001)。大剂量组和滴注组需要额外注射吗啡的比例分别为62.7%和28.6% (P <0.0001)。注射前、注射后15分钟、60分钟的平均疼痛评分，滴注组分别为9.56±1.03、6.61±1.86、1.85±1.13，大剂量组分别为9.76±0.48、6.53±1.59、0.61±0.46。注射后60min，滴注组疼痛评分明显低于滴注组(P <0.0001)。讨论:本研究结果表明，与大剂量给药相比，吗啡滴定是一种安全有效的减轻外伤性骨折急性疼痛的方法。
{"title":"Comparison of Divided Dose versus Bolus Administration Morphine Sulfate for Management of Acute Pain in Traumatic Fracture in Patients Admitted to Emergency Department","authors":"S. M. Hosseininejad, Fatemeh Jahanian, Iraj Goli Khatir, Seyed Hossein Montazer, F. Bozorgi, Nazanin Nosrati, F. H. Kiabi","doi":"10.13189/APP.2019.070302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/APP.2019.070302","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pain is one of the most common reasons that patients visit emergency departments. Morphine has been used extensively in pain management but there is no consensus about the effectiveness of method of administration. The aim of this study was to compare the divided dose vs bolus medication form of morphine sulfate for management of acute pain in traumatic fracture. Methods: we designed a randomized double-blind clinical trial. On basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 160 patients with acute traumatic fracture were enrolled to the study and randomly divided into two groups. The first group (bolus group) received 0.1mg/kg morphine and then 0.1mg/kg normal saline every 5 minutes. The second group (titration group) received 0.1mg/kg of morphine in divided doses every 5 minutes. All injections were intravenously. The primary outcome was pain and before of injection, 15 minutes and 60 minutes after injection were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19. Results: 77 patients included 49 (63.6%) male with mean age of 47.42 ± 13.15 years were in titration group and 83 patients included 47 males (56.6%) with mean age of 52.40 ± 15.62 years were in bolus group. The complication rate was significantly higher in bolus group (75.9% vs 53.2%, P <0.0001). The need to extra morphine injection in bolus and titration group were 62.7% and 28.6%, respectively (P <0.0001). The mean pain score before and at 15 and 60 minutes after injection were 9.56 ± 1.03, 6.61 ± 1.86 and 1.85 ± 1.13 in titration group and 9.76 ± 0.48, 6.53 ± 1.59 and 0.61 ± 0.46 in bolus group, respectively. The pain score was significantly lower in titration group at 60 minutes after injection (P <0.0001). Discussion: The results of this study showed that titration of morphine are a safe and effective method in compared with bolus administration to reducing acute pain in traumatic fracture.","PeriodicalId":7378,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89738743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.13189/APP.2019.070201
Onuorah Samuel, N. John, Odibo Frederick
The diversity of fungi in fifteen public hand-pump borehole water in Onueke, Ezza Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria was studied during the dry and wet seasons using standard analytical procedures. The total moulds and yeasts counts were 2-8cfu/ml and 1-5cfu/ml respectively during the dry season and 3-12cfu/ml and 1-4cfu/ml respectively during the wet season. More moulds were isolated from the samples during the wet than the dry season while more yeasts were isolated during the dry than the wet season. The fungi were characterized and identified on the basis of their colonial, microscopic, biochemical and molecular characteristics as Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Geotrichum candidum, Basidiobolus ranarum, Microsporum audouinii, Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Trichosporon cutaneum. More of the boreholes contained Candida albicans than the other isolates during both seasons. Candida albicans occurred most frequently in the water samples during both seasons while Fonsecaea pedrosoi had the lowest frequency of occurrence in the water samples during both seasons. All the isolates were resistant to Griseofulvin while they exhibited varying degree of resistance and sensitivity to the other antifungal agents used. This study indicated that the borehole water samples examined did not comply with the standard established by regulatory bodies for potable water and therefore must be adequately treated before drinking and use for domestic purposes as these fungi have been reported to cause diseases of humans and animals. Boiling, chlorination, sand filtration and exposure to ultraviolet radiation are recommended.
{"title":"Diversity of Fungi in the Public Hand-pump Borehole Water in Onueke, Ezza Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria","authors":"Onuorah Samuel, N. John, Odibo Frederick","doi":"10.13189/APP.2019.070201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/APP.2019.070201","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of fungi in fifteen public hand-pump borehole water in Onueke, Ezza Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria was studied during the dry and wet seasons using standard analytical procedures. The total moulds and yeasts counts were 2-8cfu/ml and 1-5cfu/ml respectively during the dry season and 3-12cfu/ml and 1-4cfu/ml respectively during the wet season. More moulds were isolated from the samples during the wet than the dry season while more yeasts were isolated during the dry than the wet season. The fungi were characterized and identified on the basis of their colonial, microscopic, biochemical and molecular characteristics as Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Geotrichum candidum, Basidiobolus ranarum, Microsporum audouinii, Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Trichosporon cutaneum. More of the boreholes contained Candida albicans than the other isolates during both seasons. Candida albicans occurred most frequently in the water samples during both seasons while Fonsecaea pedrosoi had the lowest frequency of occurrence in the water samples during both seasons. All the isolates were resistant to Griseofulvin while they exhibited varying degree of resistance and sensitivity to the other antifungal agents used. This study indicated that the borehole water samples examined did not comply with the standard established by regulatory bodies for potable water and therefore must be adequately treated before drinking and use for domestic purposes as these fungi have been reported to cause diseases of humans and animals. Boiling, chlorination, sand filtration and exposure to ultraviolet radiation are recommended.","PeriodicalId":7378,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77608534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.13189/APP.2019.070202
M. L. Hossain, S. Sultana
Background: Mimosa pudica, a common plant of Mimosoideae family has been used as Ayurvedic herbal medicine by Bangladeshi and Chinese to treat several diseases such as hemorrhoids, hair loss, arthritis, dysentery, leprosy, jaundice, leukoderma, asthma, uterine problems. The root and bark of the plant is said to display antimicrobial activity. Hence, gargling with a decoction of the root and bark of Mimosa pudica diluted in water may help to treat toothaches. Aim of the study: The present study was designed to evaluate the presence of phytochemical groups and to investigate the neuropharmacological activity of methanol extract of Mimosa pudica (MEMP). Methodology: The neuropharmacological activity was determined by hole cross and open field test using Swiss Albino mice as experimental animal. Results: Phytochemical analysis of Mimosa pudica extract indicated the presence of tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids. The sample showed dose-dependent sedative activity at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight compared to standard drug Diazepam (1 mg/kg body weight). Conclusion: MEMP showed significant sedative activity demonstrating that the extract may be useful in the development of a new sedative and anti-anxiety drug.
{"title":"In-vivo Assessment of Neuropharmacological Activity of Methanol Bark Extract of Mimosa Pudica in Mice","authors":"M. L. Hossain, S. Sultana","doi":"10.13189/APP.2019.070202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/APP.2019.070202","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mimosa pudica, a common plant of Mimosoideae family has been used as Ayurvedic herbal medicine by Bangladeshi and Chinese to treat several diseases such as hemorrhoids, hair loss, arthritis, dysentery, leprosy, jaundice, leukoderma, asthma, uterine problems. The root and bark of the plant is said to display antimicrobial activity. Hence, gargling with a decoction of the root and bark of Mimosa pudica diluted in water may help to treat toothaches. Aim of the study: The present study was designed to evaluate the presence of phytochemical groups and to investigate the neuropharmacological activity of methanol extract of Mimosa pudica (MEMP). Methodology: The neuropharmacological activity was determined by hole cross and open field test using Swiss Albino mice as experimental animal. Results: Phytochemical analysis of Mimosa pudica extract indicated the presence of tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids. The sample showed dose-dependent sedative activity at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight compared to standard drug Diazepam (1 mg/kg body weight). Conclusion: MEMP showed significant sedative activity demonstrating that the extract may be useful in the development of a new sedative and anti-anxiety drug.","PeriodicalId":7378,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80689481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.13189/APP.2019.070103
K. Chidambaram, Kumar Venketesan, S. Dharmalingam, R. Siddalingam, T. Ellappan, S. Mandal
Background: Ichnocarpus frutescens has been used as Ayurvedic herbal medicine by Gond tribes in India to treat several diseases such as diabetes mellitus and Jaundice. The growing incidence of diabetes mellitus and its complications have headed to the search of novel therapeutic approaches engrossed on preventing postprandial hyperglycemia. The practice of carbohydrate breakdown enzyme inhibitors from plant resources might be a potential approach to prevent glucose absorption with the least adverse effects. Aims: The objective of the present investigation was to provide in-vitro evidence for the potential inhibitory activity of polyphenolic extract (PPE) of Ichnocarpus frutescens on amylase and glucosidase enzymes. Methods: the in the vitro inhibitory effect of polyphenolic extract (PPE) of Ichnocarpus frutescens focused on the evaluation of pancreatic amylase inhibition, rat serum amylase inhibition and rat intestinal glucosidase inhibition of polyphenolic extract (PPE) of Ichnocarpus frutescens by in vitro. The different concentrations of polyphenolic extract were subjected to amylase and glucosidase inhibitory assay and the percentage of amylase and glucosidase inhibitory activity and IC50 values were calculated. Results: Polyphenolic extract shows appreciable pancreatic amylase inhibitory activity in vitro. The extract also showed an appreciable glucosidase inhibitory effect in a concentration-dependent manner with a moderate amylase inhibitory activity. The in vitro examination of the inhibitory effect of PPE on maltase and sucrase activities revealed that PPE inhibited rat small intestine disaccharidase ( glucosidase) activity. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that inhibitory effect of PPE on amylase and glucosidase activities may delay carbohydrate digestion and absorption with subsequent lowering of blood glucose level leading to prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes and its complication.
{"title":"In-vitro Inhibitory Effects of Polyphenolic Extract of Ichnocarpus Frutescens on Carbohydrate Digestive Enzymes","authors":"K. Chidambaram, Kumar Venketesan, S. Dharmalingam, R. Siddalingam, T. Ellappan, S. Mandal","doi":"10.13189/APP.2019.070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/APP.2019.070103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ichnocarpus frutescens has been used as Ayurvedic herbal medicine by Gond tribes in India to treat several diseases such as diabetes mellitus and Jaundice. The growing incidence of diabetes mellitus and its complications have headed to the search of novel therapeutic approaches engrossed on preventing postprandial hyperglycemia. The practice of carbohydrate breakdown enzyme inhibitors from plant resources might be a potential approach to prevent glucose absorption with the least adverse effects. Aims: The objective of the present investigation was to provide in-vitro evidence for the potential inhibitory activity of polyphenolic extract (PPE) of Ichnocarpus frutescens on amylase and glucosidase enzymes. Methods: the in the vitro inhibitory effect of polyphenolic extract (PPE) of Ichnocarpus frutescens focused on the evaluation of pancreatic amylase inhibition, rat serum amylase inhibition and rat intestinal glucosidase inhibition of polyphenolic extract (PPE) of Ichnocarpus frutescens by in vitro. The different concentrations of polyphenolic extract were subjected to amylase and glucosidase inhibitory assay and the percentage of amylase and glucosidase inhibitory activity and IC50 values were calculated. Results: Polyphenolic extract shows appreciable pancreatic amylase inhibitory activity in vitro. The extract also showed an appreciable glucosidase inhibitory effect in a concentration-dependent manner with a moderate amylase inhibitory activity. The in vitro examination of the inhibitory effect of PPE on maltase and sucrase activities revealed that PPE inhibited rat small intestine disaccharidase ( glucosidase) activity. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that inhibitory effect of PPE on amylase and glucosidase activities may delay carbohydrate digestion and absorption with subsequent lowering of blood glucose level leading to prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes and its complication.","PeriodicalId":7378,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83865508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.13189/app.2019.070101
Md. Jahidul Hasan, J. Ahmad, A. Anam, R. Rabbani
Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a serious life-threatening event and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a serious ADR where severe skin lesions like, blisters with oral mucosal bleeding (OMB) are most common characteristics. Both watery blisters and OMB are painful conditions in TEN and considered as common source of infections. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has anti-inflammatory property and the objective of this study was to observe the clinical response of NAC in the TEN-associated lesions management. For this study, we considered 17 patients those were suffering from TEN and admitted in the intensive care unit. Those 17 patients were distributed into 2 groups (A and B), where patients of group-A (n=7) treated with NAC while group-B's patients (n= 10) did not get NAC therapy. As a result, in group-A, 6 (85.71%; n=7) patients were found with complete remission of blisters and OMB progression within the 72 hours with 100% 10-day complete healing rate, whereas 60% patients in group-B (n= 10) required >72 hours for complete remission with 80% 10-day complete healing rate. So, NAC can be an effective therapy for prompt healing of life-threatening TEN-associated severe skin lesions.
{"title":"N-acetylcysteine in the Effective Management of TEN-associated Severe Skin Lesions","authors":"Md. Jahidul Hasan, J. Ahmad, A. Anam, R. Rabbani","doi":"10.13189/app.2019.070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/app.2019.070101","url":null,"abstract":"Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a serious life-threatening event and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a serious ADR where severe skin lesions like, blisters with oral mucosal bleeding (OMB) are most common characteristics. Both watery blisters and OMB are painful conditions in TEN and considered as common source of infections. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has anti-inflammatory property and the objective of this study was to observe the clinical response of NAC in the TEN-associated lesions management. For this study, we considered 17 patients those were suffering from TEN and admitted in the intensive care unit. Those 17 patients were distributed into 2 groups (A and B), where patients of group-A (n=7) treated with NAC while group-B's patients (n= 10) did not get NAC therapy. As a result, in group-A, 6 (85.71%; n=7) patients were found with complete remission of blisters and OMB progression within the 72 hours with 100% 10-day complete healing rate, whereas 60% patients in group-B (n= 10) required >72 hours for complete remission with 80% 10-day complete healing rate. So, NAC can be an effective therapy for prompt healing of life-threatening TEN-associated severe skin lesions.","PeriodicalId":7378,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81472308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.13189/app.2019.070102
A. L. Abiola, Adebayo Muritala Ayofe, A. Adedoyin
Aim: An earlier study has demonstrated the in-vivo antidepressant effect of methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata, using soxhlet extraction protocol, but there is a lack of scientific data on its neurobehavioural mechanism of action. This study, therefore, investigated its antidepressant potentials, using cold maceration method, and determined the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of its antidepressant-like effect. Methodology: The antidepressant-like effect of the extract was evaluated in tail suspension test, at graded doses in mice. Subsequently, the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect of the extract was investigated by intraperitoneal pretreatment with adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists; GABA agonist; nitric oxide precursor and inhibitors; and using a putative neuromodulator at NMDA receptors prior to the extract administration. Results and discussion: The extract at all the doses used, significantly (p 0.05) alteration on locomotor behaviour in mice. However, the anti-immobility potential of the extract was significantly (p<0.05) reversed by prazosin, yohimbine, sulpiride, methylene blue, L-arginine and baclofen, suggesting the involvement of adrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAerargic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that the extract may possess antidepressant effect and its mechanism may involve multiple pathways.
{"title":"Neurobehavioural Mechanism of Antidepressant Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Adansonia digitata (Linn) in Tail Suspension Test in Mice","authors":"A. L. Abiola, Adebayo Muritala Ayofe, A. Adedoyin","doi":"10.13189/app.2019.070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/app.2019.070102","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: An earlier study has demonstrated the in-vivo antidepressant effect of methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata, using soxhlet extraction protocol, but there is a lack of scientific data on its neurobehavioural mechanism of action. This study, therefore, investigated its antidepressant potentials, using cold maceration method, and determined the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of its antidepressant-like effect. Methodology: The antidepressant-like effect of the extract was evaluated in tail suspension test, at graded doses in mice. Subsequently, the probable neurobehavioural mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect of the extract was investigated by intraperitoneal pretreatment with adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists; GABA agonist; nitric oxide precursor and inhibitors; and using a putative neuromodulator at NMDA receptors prior to the extract administration. Results and discussion: The extract at all the doses used, significantly (p 0.05) alteration on locomotor behaviour in mice. However, the anti-immobility potential of the extract was significantly (p<0.05) reversed by prazosin, yohimbine, sulpiride, methylene blue, L-arginine and baclofen, suggesting the involvement of adrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAerargic and nitergic pathways. Conclusion: This study, therefore, concluded that the extract may possess antidepressant effect and its mechanism may involve multiple pathways.","PeriodicalId":7378,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88564620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.13189/app.2018.060302
N. Geneviève, Z. N. Yessé, Dj Anderson, K. Landry, K. S. Landry, A. A. Leon, Djobo Adjé Wilfried
Dichrostachys cinerea root bark is used in Ivorian folk to manage asthma attack. As asthma is often accompanied with secondary infections, this study aimed to assess its potential effects of this medicine against microorganisms. An aqueous-alcoholic extract was obtained from Dichrostachys cinerea root bark. The growth of bacteria in the presence of the extract was measured by the method of dilution in microplate. The antiparasitic potent of the extract was determined on cell culture in microplate with determination of the parasitic viability by reading the optical density of wells in optical microscope. The antifungal activity of the extract was measured by the method of dilution in tube. At 200; 100; 50; 25; 12.5; 6.25 and 3.125 mg/mL the extract did not inhibit growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. IC90 of the plant extract on Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Caenorhabditis elegans and Aspergillus fumigatus was superior to 125 µg/mL and on average 50 µg/mL on Leishmania donovani and Candida albicans. In conclusion, the extract did not exert any significant anti-infective effect towards the studied microorganisms, supposing that Dichrostachys cinerea root bark would be effective only to delete bronchospasm, the main characteristic of asthma attack.
{"title":"Anti-infective Assessment of Dichrostachys cinerea Root Bark, an Ivorian Anti-asthmatic Herbal","authors":"N. Geneviève, Z. N. Yessé, Dj Anderson, K. Landry, K. S. Landry, A. A. Leon, Djobo Adjé Wilfried","doi":"10.13189/app.2018.060302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/app.2018.060302","url":null,"abstract":"Dichrostachys cinerea root bark is used in Ivorian folk to manage asthma attack. As asthma is often accompanied with secondary infections, this study aimed to assess its potential effects of this medicine against microorganisms. An aqueous-alcoholic extract was obtained from Dichrostachys cinerea root bark. The growth of bacteria in the presence of the extract was measured by the method of dilution in microplate. The antiparasitic potent of the extract was determined on cell culture in microplate with determination of the parasitic viability by reading the optical density of wells in optical microscope. The antifungal activity of the extract was measured by the method of dilution in tube. At 200; 100; 50; 25; 12.5; 6.25 and 3.125 mg/mL the extract did not inhibit growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. IC90 of the plant extract on Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Caenorhabditis elegans and Aspergillus fumigatus was superior to 125 µg/mL and on average 50 µg/mL on Leishmania donovani and Candida albicans. In conclusion, the extract did not exert any significant anti-infective effect towards the studied microorganisms, supposing that Dichrostachys cinerea root bark would be effective only to delete bronchospasm, the main characteristic of asthma attack.","PeriodicalId":7378,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy","volume":"49 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81676661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.13189/APP.2018.060301
T. Islam, A. Begum, Shahed-Al-Mahmud
Background: Dioscorea pentaphylla L. a common plant of Dioscorea family commonly called five leaves in Bangladesh. The plant contains the alkaloid, carbohydrate, tannin, gum protein, steroid, glycoside, flavonoids. It is used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and Powder of plant extract given orally in abdominal pain after delivery. The aim of the study: The present study was designed to evaluate chemical constituents and to investigate the antinociceptive activity of methanol extracts of Dioscorea pentaphylla (MEDP). Methods: The antinociceptive activity of MEDP was investigated using heat-induced (hot-plate and tail-immersion test) and chemical-induced (acetic acid, Formalin-induced) nociception models in mice at 200 & 400mg/kg doses. Result: Oral administration of the methanolic extract of leaves of Dioscorea pentaphylla L. (200 & 400 kg/mg) dose-dependently reduced nociceptive response to acute pain in acetic acid induced writhing. For acetic acid-induced writhing test highest inhibition (55.40 %) was found in case of highest dose (400 mg/kg) for leaf extract. Whereas standard drug diclofenac sodium causes (46.93%) writhing inhibition. Formalin-induced nociception test showed the significant effect in (200 and 400 mg/kg) for both dosages. On the other hand, MEDP showed the significant effect in hot plate, tail immersion test, at high dose (400mg/kg). Conclusion: MEDP showed significant antinociceptive activity via a multifactorial mechanism of action, indicating that the extract may be useful in the development of a new analgesic drug.
{"title":"Antinociceptive Activity of Methanol Extract of Dioscorea Pentaphylla Linn. Leaves in Mice","authors":"T. Islam, A. Begum, Shahed-Al-Mahmud","doi":"10.13189/APP.2018.060301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/APP.2018.060301","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dioscorea pentaphylla L. a common plant of Dioscorea family commonly called five leaves in Bangladesh. The plant contains the alkaloid, carbohydrate, tannin, gum protein, steroid, glycoside, flavonoids. It is used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and Powder of plant extract given orally in abdominal pain after delivery. The aim of the study: The present study was designed to evaluate chemical constituents and to investigate the antinociceptive activity of methanol extracts of Dioscorea pentaphylla (MEDP). Methods: The antinociceptive activity of MEDP was investigated using heat-induced (hot-plate and tail-immersion test) and chemical-induced (acetic acid, Formalin-induced) nociception models in mice at 200 & 400mg/kg doses. Result: Oral administration of the methanolic extract of leaves of Dioscorea pentaphylla L. (200 & 400 kg/mg) dose-dependently reduced nociceptive response to acute pain in acetic acid induced writhing. For acetic acid-induced writhing test highest inhibition (55.40 %) was found in case of highest dose (400 mg/kg) for leaf extract. Whereas standard drug diclofenac sodium causes (46.93%) writhing inhibition. Formalin-induced nociception test showed the significant effect in (200 and 400 mg/kg) for both dosages. On the other hand, MEDP showed the significant effect in hot plate, tail immersion test, at high dose (400mg/kg). Conclusion: MEDP showed significant antinociceptive activity via a multifactorial mechanism of action, indicating that the extract may be useful in the development of a new analgesic drug.","PeriodicalId":7378,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78044088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.13189/app.2014.020402
Klaus Martin Beckmann
{"title":"Pharmacological Test Confirming the Diagnosis: Responding to Stimulants Neuropsychiatric ADHD","authors":"Klaus Martin Beckmann","doi":"10.13189/app.2014.020402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/app.2014.020402","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7378,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81044853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.13189/APP.2014.020401
Paul E. Brumley, Miroslav A. Anguelov, Jason P. Hecht, Dane L. Shiltz
Enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight-heparin, is being used in hemodialysis patients despite a lack of guideline or manufacturer dose recommendations. Due to enoxaparin's renal excretion, the possibility of accumulating anti-Xa concentrations in hemodialysis patients using enoxaparin creates a hemorrhagic risk, calling for more research. The objectives of this study are to determine the correlation between treatment dose enoxaparin use and anti-Xa concentrations within the defined therapeutic range in patients receiving chronic, scheduled hemodialysis to determine the degree of change in anti-Xa concentrations in those cases where a concentration was obtained before and after a specific hemodialysis session, and to determine if there is evidence of enoxaparin accumulation over the course of treatment. This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients that were admitted to Indiana University Health facilities in a two-year period were identified from a Cerner query for inclusion eligibility. Inclusion criteria involved patients that received therapeutic dose enoxaparin based on actual body weight on a once daily basis, maintained a scheduled hemodialysis regimen, and had an anti-Xa concentration obtained after at least one enoxaparin dose. Despite lacking statistical significance, the data collected from this study depicts trends which can be utilized to guide future studies. The results of this study suggest that hemodialysis does not effectively remove enoxaparin.
{"title":"Correlation of Treatment Dose Enoxaparin with Anti-Xa Concentrations in Adult Hemodialysis Inpatients","authors":"Paul E. Brumley, Miroslav A. Anguelov, Jason P. Hecht, Dane L. Shiltz","doi":"10.13189/APP.2014.020401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/APP.2014.020401","url":null,"abstract":"Enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight-heparin, is being used in hemodialysis patients despite a lack of guideline or manufacturer dose recommendations. Due to enoxaparin's renal excretion, the possibility of accumulating anti-Xa concentrations in hemodialysis patients using enoxaparin creates a hemorrhagic risk, calling for more research. The objectives of this study are to determine the correlation between treatment dose enoxaparin use and anti-Xa concentrations within the defined therapeutic range in patients receiving chronic, scheduled hemodialysis to determine the degree of change in anti-Xa concentrations in those cases where a concentration was obtained before and after a specific hemodialysis session, and to determine if there is evidence of enoxaparin accumulation over the course of treatment. This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients that were admitted to Indiana University Health facilities in a two-year period were identified from a Cerner query for inclusion eligibility. Inclusion criteria involved patients that received therapeutic dose enoxaparin based on actual body weight on a once daily basis, maintained a scheduled hemodialysis regimen, and had an anti-Xa concentration obtained after at least one enoxaparin dose. Despite lacking statistical significance, the data collected from this study depicts trends which can be utilized to guide future studies. The results of this study suggest that hemodialysis does not effectively remove enoxaparin.","PeriodicalId":7378,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72743178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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