Journal of injury & violence research最新文献

Background: Pre-hospital emergency has a crucial role in providing timely care for patients. In this system, seconds and minutes mean the difference between life and death. Considering the importance of the role of pre-hospital emergency in providing services to different patients and the necessity of continuous evaluation of this system, the present study was conducted to investigate time indicators in pre-hospital emergency missions.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 in Qazvin province, Iran. The research population was all the calls made to pre-hospital emergency bases in Qazvin province The required information, including time indicators and demographic characteristics of the patient, was obtained using the electronic registration system (Asayar). Data were Analysis using descriptive statistics and SPSS 20 software.

Results: Out of the 35,943 patients admitted to the hospital, 20,915 were male while the remaining were female. The mean age of the patients was 44.09 ± 21.82 years. Accidents (29.41%) were the most common reason for contacting the pre-hospital emergency. In all transfer missions, the mean delay time (0:02:23 ± 0:03:33), response time (0:15:02 ± 0:09:42), the time on the scene (0:18:33 ± 0:11:10), total run time (0:54:02 ± 0:25:20), transport time (0:20:25 ± 0:16:49), round trip time (1:32:43 ± 1:08: 43).

Conclusions: The findings of the present study provided valuable information about the variety and number of missions in a pre-hospital emergency. The results showed that some indicators are within the standard range and some indicators are far from other regions of the country and the world. Increasing the number of bases, increasing the number of ambulances, and Implementation of continuous training courses for personnel can improve time indicators and increase the quality of service to different types of patients.

Background: This research assessed forms of sexual violence and their associations with suicidal ideation among adults identifying on the asexual identity spectrum.

Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted among adults, identifying on the asexual spectrum of asexual, gray-asexual, or demisexual, from the 2021 Ace Community Survey (n = 8,715). Multiple logistic regression analyses determined potential associations between sexual violence and suicidal ideation, adjusting for the covariates of age group, gender, education, racial/ethnic minority, employment, and asexual spectrum identity.

Results: Demisexual individuals were at statistically greater odds of suicidality compared to gray-asexual and asexual individuals. Sexual violence victims were more likely to be suicidal compared to non-victims. This was especially true for attempted rape and suicidal consideration (OR = 2.10, 95% CI (1.60, 2.75), planning (OR = 1.76, 95% CI (1.32, 2.34), and attempts (OR = 3.15, 95% CI (2.07, 4.81).

Conclusions: Asexual victims of sexual violence were more likely to be suicidal compared to non-victims. Demisexual individuals were more likely to be suicidal compared to asexual individuals. These findings demonstrate the need for additional research on sexual violence and suicide.

Background: Iran's health care system faces significant challenges in managing the growing burden of non-communicable diseases, and these are exacerbated during the frequent natural disasters. The current study was designed to understand challenges in providing healthcare services to patients with diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases during such crisis periods.

Methods: The conventional content analysis was used in this qualitative study. Participants included 46 patients with diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases, and 36 stakeholders with knowledge and experience in disasters. Data collection was carried out employing semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using Graneheim and Lundman method.

Results: Four major challenges in providing care to patients with diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases during natural disasters include integrated management, physical, psychosocial health, health literacy and the behavior and barriers to healthcare delivery.

Conclusions: Developing countermeasures against medical monitoring system shutdown in order to detect medical needs and problems faced by chronic disease patients including those with diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is essential in preparedness for future disasters. Developing effective solutions may result in improved preparedness and better planning of diabetic and COPD patients for disasters.

Background: Mass Casualty Incidents (MCIs) have caused great financial losses. These incidents are referred to a situation in which the number of casualties caused by the accident temporarily increases to such an extent that it is not possible to treat all these patients with the facilities and capacities available in the area. To offer fair and proportionate medical services to all patients, it is necessary to use a process called patient triage. This study aimed to modify the Sort Assess Lifesaving Intervention Treatment/transport (SALT) triage method to simplify the differentiation of patients from green from yellow and gray from red.

Methods: This is a methodological study with a descriptive cross-sectional approach that by studying the SALT triage method and using the criteria defined in the Reference Standard, facilitates the identification of patients with a minor (Outpatient) and fatal injury (Expectant). Then, using two common and modified SALT triage methods, 100 simulated patients were triaged and the obtained data were evaluated and compared in terms of accuracy and speed.

Results: The improvement made in the SALT triage method was able to reduce 22% of the total triage error of the first nurse and improved 18% in green, 43% in yellow, 15% in red, and 13% in the gray category. In the second nurse, this method was able to reduce 29% of the errors and in the category of green patients, 41%, yellow 47%, red was unchanged, and gray 38% improvement was observed. Furthermore, the average triage rate was 4 and 5 seconds shorter per patient in the first and second nurses, respectively.

Conclusions: With this modification, the diagnostic power has increased by 22% in the first nurse and 29% in the second nurse. Due to the significant increase in the accuracy of the mSALT (Modified SALT) triage method, this modification can be considered useful and can be used to advance the goals of triage in MCIs.

Background: the present study aimed to investigate gender difference in the perceived cause (intrinsic or extrinsic) of falls leading to fracture (FLF) and its association with selected social, health, and environmental factors.

Methods: All patients aged 60 years or older who were admitted to two referral hospitals due to FLF from August 1, 2018, to the end of May 2019, were included in the study. An interview-administered questionnaire was used to collect the required data from 300 participants (136 men and 164 women).

Results: When compared to men, women were less physical active, were less smoker, had lower education, had more vision problems, used more sedatives, and were more satisfied with their life (P less than 0.05 for all). No statistical difference was observed between men and women about the perceived cause of Fall.

Conclusions: Although women and men were the same in the perceived cause of fall, they had considerably riskier lifestyles and lower health status. These factors include education, vision condition, physical activity, occupation, and taking sleeping pills. On the other hand, men were more smoker and alcohol user.

Background: Emotional sadness caused by the experience of the loss of a romantic relationship can lead to love trauma syndrome, which includes a set of psychopathology symptoms. The present study was also conducted to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive emotion regulation training based on the Gross model in improving the love trauma syndrome, hoping and positive affect negative affect among female students with love trauma.

Methods: The research method was experimental (pre-test and post-test with the control group). The statistical population was all the female students with love trauma at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili and 34 participants (17 participants in each group) were selected by purposive sampling. Also, in order to determine the target sample from the Love Trauma Syndromes Inventory (LTSI-10), to implement the intervention of the cognitive emotion regulation program based on the Gross model, and to measure dependent variables in addition to the LTSI, Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-20) and Miller Hope Scale (MHS-48) were used. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was also used for data analysis.

Results: The results showed that the assumptions (homogeneity of covariances and variances) are maintained. Also, the effect of group membership shows the significant impact of the intervention on the love trauma syndrome (p less than 0.01), negative affect (p less than 0.01), hope (p less than 0.01), and no effect on positive affect (p greater than 0.05).

Conclusions: Therefore, after identifying individuals with love trauma, the intervention of cognitive emotion regulation can be done on them in a group to reduce the symptoms of psychological harms in them and also to cognitive strategies, and to equip them for problem solving or compatibility.

Background: Very few studies have investigated athletes with disabilities during a long period of competitions, such as a professional league. Also, there are limited findings related to specific mechanisms and risk factors of injury, and prevention strategies in Wheelchair Basketball. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the rate and characteristics of injuries in the 2021-2022 Iran Wheelchair Basketball League and present prevention strategies.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted after the 2021-2022 (Mar 2021-Sep 2022) competition season. The sample size consists of 36 players, who were randomly selected among 129 players. All the data was processed using SPSS (version 21).

Results: 111 injuries were registered, equivalent to 132 per 100 players (95% CI: 100-180) and 8.16 Injuries per 1000 hours of athlete exposure (6.2-9.8). Also, 77.8% occurred during training and 22.2% in competitions. Most injuries affected the fingers and hands (35.13%), and shoulders (22.57%). The most common types of injuries were contusions (30.63%), laceration and skin lesion (23.42%), and muscle spasms (13.51%), in which, half of the injuries were slight (0-1 days), 27.8% (mild 4-7 days), and 22.2% moderate (8-28 days). Also, 66.9% of injuries were new, and 33.1% were recurrent. Most situations and actions leading to injury include quick wheelchair pushing (29.72%), the intense ball hitting (17.14%), and sudden stops or changes of direction of the wheelchair (12.63%). A multiple linear regression analysis (Enter method) demonstrated (R2 Adjusted=0.530) Wheelchair inappropriateness (P=0.015), lack of protective equipment (P=0.028), and previous injury (P=0.003) explained close to 55% of the injury rate.

Conclusions: The injury rate during the league period was higher than the amounts reported from Paralympic games. Prevention strategies should be focused on rethinking athletes' pre-season readiness evaluation, return to play assessments and protection equipment technologies.

Background: Knowledge about the spiritual rehabilitation of affected people after disasters is scare. The objective of the present study is to identify the factors affecting the spiritual rehabilitation of affected people after natural disasters employing a systematic review study.

Methods: The protocol of this review has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) with the code CRD42021228552. Using MEDLIN (PubMed), Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus and ISC database as well as studies related to the research topic till the end of 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was used to find articles related to the research objective. Thematic content analysis then was used for concepts extraction.

Results: This systematic review identifies factors affecting the spiritual rehabilitation of affected people after natural disasters.

Conclusions: Both systematic review as well as qualitative study are essential in order to explore spiritual rehabilitation of affected people after natural disasters, while the current study was employed systematic review. It is expected that planners and policy-makers can use the extracted factors for improving the spiritual rehabilitation of people affected by natural disasters.