Journal of injury & violence research最新文献

Background: Injury has become the leading cause of death among adolescents. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of risk-taking behaviors and exposures and injuries among vocational school students and to provide guidance for further injury intervention.

Methods: A cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of all grade one and grade two students in a vocational school in Jiangsu Province in April 2018. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to investigate information on basic demographic information, risk-taking behaviors and exposures, and injuries.

Results: A total of 1079 students were investigated, 490(45.41%) were boys; the mean age was 16.80±0.80 years; 560(51.90%) were grade one students. There were 57 injuries in the past 12 months. The overall injury incidence was 5.28%. The total proportions of risk behaviors ranged from 1.4% for playing on the street to 68.6% for not wearing reflective devices while walking at night. Behaviors of not using traffic safety protection devices were highly prevalent, including not using seat-belts in the back seat of cars (19.7%), not wearing helmet while taking/ riding an electric car (15.8%/13.0%), not wearing reflective devices while walking/riding at night (68.6% for pedestrians and 62.8% for two-wheelers riders). Girls generally had more negative mood exposures compared to boys. Boys generally had more traffic risk behaviors and bullying and violence experiences compared with girls. The average number of risk-taking behaviors and exposures was 8.73±8.06. The number of risk-taking behaviors and exposures was positively associated with injury, with OR of 1.07(1.04-1.10).

Conclusions: Risk-taking behaviors and exposures were prevalent among vocational school students and increased the risk of injury. Traffic safety, bullying and violence, and sports safety were the aspects need more attention. The intervention of such risk behaviors should aim at the characteristics of the population and their special behavior problems.

Background: Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) impose a worldwide burden on public health and economy. RTIs result in a wide range of immediate and long-term consequences. However, little is known about post-discharge consequences of RTIs at national levels. In addition, reliable and producing valid data mostly through prospective studies is fundamentally required to address the issue. The aim of this paper was to describe the research protocol for development and psychometric evaluation of post-discharge consequences of road traffic injuries as part of the Persian Traffic Cohort (PTC) and complementary to the Iranian Integrated Road Traffic Injury Registry (IRTIR).

Methods: Literature review and expert's opinion were used to develop data collection tools. Registry timeframe was designed based on experts' opinion. Reliability of tools will be assessed using intra- and inter-rater reliability. The pilot phase of the Phone interviews on Post-discharge Consequences of Road Traffic Injuries (PCRTI) will be conducted in Tabriz in 2019.

Results: The PCRTI is designed to be applied at three different time points: one, six and twelve months after the crash. The PCRTI tools' main domains are: demographic, psychological, medical, social and financial which will be assessed through PC-PTSD, PHQ2, WHODAS, SES-Iran, EQ-5D-3L and Economic assessment standardized tools. The descriptive outcomes will be reported to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran.

Conclusions: The protocol satisfies the requirements of developing valid data collection tools for PCRTI.

Background: Due to a lack of effective registry system for road traffic deaths, some international organizations like the World Health Organization provide the estimated number of road traffic deaths. It was shown that there are differences in the number of road traffic deaths between the WHO estimates and national reports even in High-Income Countries. This study aimed to an investigation of reasons for differences between the national reports and world health organization estimates about road traffic deaths.

Methods: This study focus to investigate the World Health Organization reports of Global Status Report for Road Safety in years of 2009, 2013, 2015 and 2018 and related articles about the estimates of deaths related to road traffic crashes and the observed differences between the WHO estimates and national reports.

Results: The findings showed that the observed differences between the WHO estimates and national reports could be due to errors in the road traffic death registration system, errors in the regression model which was used for estimation, proposed variables for estimations, or all of them.

Conclusions: The estimations of WHO about road traffic deaths can be useful for countries especially for those which don't have the road traffic registry system or the registry system does not meet the quality criteria. These estimates may not be sufficiently robust if disregard for spatial differences, the epidemiological pattern of risk factors among the countries, and the type of regression model which was used for estimation.

Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and correlates for suicidal behaviors among school attending adolescents in Brunei.

Methods: Nationally representative cross-sectional data on (n=2599) adolescents derived from the Global School-based Health Survey in Brunei Darussalam were examined. Data on suicidal behaviors, psychosocial and demographic characteristics were analyzed using multiple logistic regression taking survey design into account.

Results: Twelve months prior to being surveyed, the prevalence of suicidal behaviors was 9.3%, 6.5% and 5.9% for suicidal ideation, suicidal plan and suicidal attempt, respectively. Females were overrepresented in attempts (61.2%). Several self-reported characteristics such as suicide ideation (69%), anxiety (28%), and loneliness (30%) were significantly different between the attempters of suicide and non-attempters (p less than 0.05). Also, some suicide-related behaviors such as having planned a suicide (52%), being bullied (21%), involved in a physical fight (29%), serious injury (29%), early sexual debut (8.5%), alcohol use at early age (21%), alcohol use in the past 30-days (12%), and being physically attacked (30%) differed by suicide category (p less than 0.05). Compared to those who did not report attempting suicide, attempters were more likely to have suicide ideation (OR=10.58; 95% CI 5.10, 21.97); have planned suicide (OR=9.82; 95% CI 4.60, 20.96); or sustained serious injury (OR=4.01; 95% CI 2.03, 7.93) within the recall period.

Conclusions: This study provided evidence, which overall confirm that the psycho-social environment in school settings modify suicidal behavior. The results, taken together emphasize the importance of the school environment on the development of school attending adolescents. Where possible, the results may provide additional information on which self-reported behaviors represent avenues for potential preventive programming.

Background: Healthy city and safe community programs are the most common initiatives gaining increasing appeal in various communities to improve safety and health, independently. The aim of this study was to develop a joint application model of safe community and healthy city.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted on healthy city and safe community programs using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct and also related websites such as WHO regional offices in 2018. The preliminary list of joint model dimensions and topics were extracted and then assessed by the expert through two rounds of decision Delphi and four expert panel sessions. Eventually, the visual model was developed and approved by the experts.

Results: Literature review resulted in the identification of 11 programs on safety and health promotion in the community of which 35 topics were extracted. After investigating the topics accordance, they were judged (correction, merging or eliminating) by experts through Delphi rounds and panel sessions. Eventually a joint model comprising 14 dimensions, 3 core principles and 4 values called "Safe and Health Promoting Community, SHPC_ model" was developed.

Conclusions: SHPC model provides a parallel and comprehensive view on safety and health topics in a community. The implementation of an integrated model could be one possible way to enhance the commitments on behalf of state and local government, and health system leaders to prioritize injuries and non-communicable disease prevention to address promotion, prevention, treatment and social consequences of mutual community-based interventions.

Background: Work place violence (WPV) is one of the workplace factors that can affect many aspects of the emergency staff's life. In this study, we are investigating the relationship between WPV and occupational stress.

Methods: We surveyed emergency department (ED) staff in a cross-sectional study design in three Mashhad Hospitals between 2017 and 2018. World Health Organization WPV and occupational stress questionnaire was used and 171 out of 200 collected data were analyzed. To investigate the relationship between different variables, t-test and logistic regression were implemented.

Results: In general, 58 (34.5%) participants had reported a physical assault, 116 (71.6%) verbal abuse, and 76 (44.4%) bullying/harassment within the past year. Males reported more experience of physical assault (P less than 0.001), verbal abuse (P less than 0.04) and bullying/harassment (P less than 0.01). The educational level and time shifts were associated with the frequency of physical violence and bullying/harassment (P less than 0.03), respectively. We noticed an association between the job stress scales and some types of work place violence including physical assault (P=0.02), bullying/harassment (P=0.006) and demands scale in recent cited violence (P=0.07).

Conclusions: We presented considerable prevalence of WPV among ED staff. Improving workplace condition and reducing occupational stress could be decrease WPV frequency.

Background: Domestic violence is a social phenomenon where a family member, husband, wife or another cohabiting person in the household tries to dominate, physically or mentally, the other partner, children, parents, grandparents, in-laws, etc., using their physical advantage, threats, blackmail, with the intention of harm. The aim of the study was find the perceptions of university students regarding the phenomenon of violence and to show similarities and differences in this respect between students from Poland and Belarus (PL and BY).

Methods: A total of 482 persons took part in the study, including 251 students from Szczecin (Poland) and 231 students from Grodno (Belarus). The method was a diagnostic survey using the authors' original questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first, containing 6 demographic questions, and the second containing 25 mainly closed-ended questions.

Results: In the perceptions of the respondents from Poland and Belarus, women are statistically more likely to experience violence, and men are more likely to use it. The responses of students from Poland and Belarus show statistical connections regarding such behaviors as a single spank, shouting, refusing to talk - recognizing them mostly as a form of violence. The respondents from both countries also show a convergent position concerning quarrelling and forcing a person to drink alcohol or smoke cigarettes, recognizing them as violent behavior. Significant differences can also be observed with regard to such behaviors as throwing objects, name-calling and mocking, which do not indicate violence in the opinions of the majority of students from Belarus, in contrast to the Polish students, who perceive these behaviors as violent.

Conclusions: Students from both countries acknowledge that the concealment of domestic violence by victims mainly results from fear of worsening their already difficult situation as well as from fear of retaliation by the perpetrator.

Background: Motorcyclist's behavior plays an important role in increasing the mortality rate caused by traffic crash. Identifying the risky behaviors of motorcycle riders is essential to maintain and improve the health of motorcycle riders and other community members. The aim of this study was to determine the riding patterns and risky riding behaviors of motorcycle riders in Bukan as a marginal small-sized Kurdish populated district in North-West of Iran and investigating some predictors of it.

Methods: In this cross-sectional, 340 motorcycle riders of Bukan were studied. By referring to city health center and preparing the city map, the entire city was divided into 14 clusters based on the areas covered by the health centers. Then, 7 clusters were randomly selected out of these 14 clusters. Motorcycle riding behavior questionnaire (MRBQ) was used to study the risky behaviors of motorcycle riders while riding. Both bivariate and multivariate regression analysis methods were used to study the associations.

Results: All participants were male. Their mean age was 30.2 (SD=9.1). The most common risky behaviors possessed by at least 23% of motorcycle riders included 1) inappropriate control of motorcycle when turning, 2) taking another person without helmet by motorcycle, 3) riding without helmet, 4) taking more than one person by motorcycle, 5) exceeding the permissible speed outer city, 6) exceeding the permissible speed inside the city and 7) carrying heavy load by motorcycle. Mean normalized MRBQ score was 30.5 (SD=11.2). Based on multivariate analysis, age, lacking a riding license, riding experience and average amount of riding were the independent predictors of risky riding score.

Conclusions: Among the predictive factors that led to high risk behaviors in the studied motorcyclists were low age, marital status, low driving experience, low education, non-use of safety equipment lack of certification. This can be done by increasing drivers' awareness of laws and regulations and promoting the culture of traffic safety to prevent high-risk behaviors in motorcyclists in order to prevent possible injuries.

Background: Teen-dating violence (TDV) can lead to health problems for those involved, especially females, including homicides and is predictive of intimate partner violence in adulthood.

Methods: To analyze the adolescents' perception of definitions, justifications and consequences of TDV, a qualitative study through 13 focus groups with 132 high school students from public and private schools of Rio de Janeiro city, including 70 girls and 62 boys was conducted. We followed a guide with questions about interpersonal violence and participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic data. The data analysis included reading and comprehension of the textual data; coding of the reports according to the emerged categories; identification of the meanings attributed by the subjects to the questions raised; comparative dialogue with literature; and elaboration of interpretative synthesis.

Results: Most adolescents affirmed that TDV is not justifiable. However, in practice, they found it acceptable in certain situations. The narratives of the boys were based on the role of the perpetrator and the girls on that of the victim. Violence occurs when the man feels his power challenged and is influenced by situations of violence experienced in his own family as victims or witnesses. The TDV consequences are for the women and include, in addition to physical and psychological damage, relational problems in other spheres such as family, friends and school. The experience of violence was more common among public school students.

Conclusions: The adolescents' narratives reflect the gender patterns of society in which violence results from inequality of power. The data of this study offer subsidies to policies on TDV prevention and its consequences. They can contribute to training primary care professionals to identify on clinical consultations signs and symptoms of violence and to develop interventions to reduce the health problems of victims.