Infraspinatus tendon is the most affected tendon of the rotator cuff, being an important posterior component of the shoulder joint. Hyperlipidemia is a predisposing factor in the progression of rotator cuff tears and retear. We studied the effect of hyperlipidemia on the biomechanical properties of rotator cuff tendons. The infraspinatus tendon of the rotator cuff from hyperlipidemic swine were collected and tested for ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and modulus of elasticity. Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed to examine viscoelastic properties. The findings revealed no significant difference in UTS but had significantly lower modulus of elasticity in the infraspinatus tendon of the hyperlipidemic group compared to the control group. Moreover, differences in the dynamic modulus, storage modulus, and loss modulus were not statistically significant between the hyperlipidemic and control swine. There was no difference in water content between the groups but the hyperlipidemic group had fatty infiltration aiding the initial decrease in mechanical properties. These findings suggest an association between fat deposition and early changes in the biomechanical properties of the tendons in the shoulder rotator cuff in hyperlipidemic state.
{"title":"Hyperlipidemia Lowers the Biomechanical Properties of Rotator Cuff Tendon","authors":"Merlin Rajesh Lal L. P, Devendra K. Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/josm.511500126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/josm.511500126","url":null,"abstract":"Infraspinatus tendon is the most affected tendon of the rotator cuff, being an important posterior component of the shoulder joint. Hyperlipidemia is a predisposing factor in the progression of rotator cuff tears and retear. We studied the effect of hyperlipidemia on the biomechanical properties of rotator cuff tendons. The infraspinatus tendon of the rotator cuff from hyperlipidemic swine were collected and tested for ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and modulus of elasticity. Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed to examine viscoelastic properties. The findings revealed no significant difference in UTS but had significantly lower modulus of elasticity in the infraspinatus tendon of the hyperlipidemic group compared to the control group. Moreover, differences in the dynamic modulus, storage modulus, and loss modulus were not statistically significant between the hyperlipidemic and control swine. There was no difference in water content between the groups but the hyperlipidemic group had fatty infiltration aiding the initial decrease in mechanical properties. These findings suggest an association between fat deposition and early changes in the biomechanical properties of the tendons in the shoulder rotator cuff in hyperlipidemic state.","PeriodicalId":73881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of orthopaedics and sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135059044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shah Alam, Sharif Ahmed Jonayed, Sarwar Jahan, Abdullah Al Mamun Choudhury, O Z M Dastagir
Introduction: Cervical spine injury was the most common cause of spinal cord injury worldwide in 2013, accounting for 43.9% to 61.5% of all cases. Prior to injury, the majority of individuals with a cervical spine injury was in their prime years and led an active lifestyle. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety & efficacy of the proposed innovative technique to reduce all cases of subaxial cervical fracture-dislocation.
{"title":"An Innovative Technique for Anterior Cervical Surgery in Sub-axial Cervical Fracture Dislocation with incomplete spinal cord injury: A Paradigm Shift in Surgical Approach","authors":"Shah Alam, Sharif Ahmed Jonayed, Sarwar Jahan, Abdullah Al Mamun Choudhury, O Z M Dastagir","doi":"10.26502/josm.511500123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/josm.511500123","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cervical spine injury was the most common cause of spinal cord injury worldwide in 2013, accounting for 43.9% to 61.5% of all cases. Prior to injury, the majority of individuals with a cervical spine injury was in their prime years and led an active lifestyle. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety & efficacy of the proposed innovative technique to reduce all cases of subaxial cervical fracture-dislocation.","PeriodicalId":73881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of orthopaedics and sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135649015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
João Pedro Farina Brunelli, Ricardo Kaempf, Diego Falcochio
The Fingertip injuries, usually caused by domestic accidents, such as finger crushing in doors and windows, are very common in childhood. They can cause fractures, nail bed injuries and amputations, as well as combined injuries. Initial management, with correct diagnosis and treatment, is critical for the prevention of complications, whose incidence can reach almost 50% of cases. Severe injuries or inadequate treatment can compromise bone growth, causing deformities and loss of finger alignment, impairing function and skill development in later life.
{"title":"Bilobed Flap for Post-Traumatic Angular Deformity Correction of the Fingers in Children","authors":"João Pedro Farina Brunelli, Ricardo Kaempf, Diego Falcochio","doi":"10.26502/josm.511500129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/josm.511500129","url":null,"abstract":"The Fingertip injuries, usually caused by domestic accidents, such as finger crushing in doors and windows, are very common in childhood. They can cause fractures, nail bed injuries and amputations, as well as combined injuries. Initial management, with correct diagnosis and treatment, is critical for the prevention of complications, whose incidence can reach almost 50% of cases. Severe injuries or inadequate treatment can compromise bone growth, causing deformities and loss of finger alignment, impairing function and skill development in later life.","PeriodicalId":73881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of orthopaedics and sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135506339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone cancer with a high tendency for metastasis. Although treatment strategies involving surgery and chemotherapy have improved outcomes for patients with OS, the prognosis of recurrent OS is quite unsatisfactory. Primary reasons leading to mortality in OS patients are resistance to currently used therapies and the subsequent lung metastasis. Immunotherapy, however, has been shown to be a promising therapeutic strategy against OS. As research progresses, immunotherapy is gradually becoming irreplaceable. This article provides a critical evaluation of several therapeutic strategies for OS including immunomodulation, vaccine therapy, and immunologic checkpoint blockade.
{"title":"Immunotherapeutic Strategies in the Management of Osteosarcoma.","authors":"Rajiv Supra, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/josm.511500076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/josm.511500076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone cancer with a high tendency for metastasis. Although treatment strategies involving surgery and chemotherapy have improved outcomes for patients with OS, the prognosis of recurrent OS is quite unsatisfactory. Primary reasons leading to mortality in OS patients are resistance to currently used therapies and the subsequent lung metastasis. Immunotherapy, however, has been shown to be a promising therapeutic strategy against OS. As research progresses, immunotherapy is gradually becoming irreplaceable. This article provides a critical evaluation of several therapeutic strategies for OS including immunomodulation, vaccine therapy, and immunologic checkpoint blockade.</p>","PeriodicalId":73881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of orthopaedics and sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10018813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9209986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scott C Everett, Andrew L Alejo, Haley Durdella, Benjamin L Boswell
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{"title":"The Design and Process of Ultrasound Guided Evaluation of Septic Arthritis in Emergency Departments","authors":"Scott C Everett, Andrew L Alejo, Haley Durdella, Benjamin L Boswell","doi":"10.26502/josm.511500099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/josm.511500099","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":73881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of orthopaedics and sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. K. Angmorterh, K. Kekessie, E. Dzidzornu, S. Aboagye, Patience Nyamekye Agyemang, Nathaniel Awentiirin Angaag, Eric Kwasi Ofori
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a useful medical imaging tool in the diagnoses and management of several disease conditions including multiple sclerosis, prostate and breast cancer, epilepsy and seizure disorders, soft tissue joint disorders and vertebral spine disorders. MRI is also very useful in diagnosing breast disorders especially in younger women and following inconclusive breast ultrasound scans and mammograms. Pancreaticobiliary duct disorders like choledocholithiasis, acute and chronic pancreatitis are also well investigated with MRI. MRI services are unavailable at the Ho Teaching Hospital (HTH), a major referral hospital, and one of the five teaching hospitals in Ghana. The clinical implication of this is that patients who need MRI services have to travel long distances to other hospitals to access MRI services. The lack of MRI services at the HTH makes the diagnoses of critical medical conditions difficult, and in some cases, impossible. This commentary draws attention to the importance of MRI in the diagnoses and management of common medical conditions seen at the HTH and the lapses in diagnosing and managing patients with such conditions at the hospital.
{"title":"A Commentary on the Negative Impacts on Patient Diagnoses and Management from the Lack of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Services at the Ho Teaching Hospital (HTH) in Ghana","authors":"S. K. Angmorterh, K. Kekessie, E. Dzidzornu, S. Aboagye, Patience Nyamekye Agyemang, Nathaniel Awentiirin Angaag, Eric Kwasi Ofori","doi":"10.26502/josm.511500075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/josm.511500075","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a useful medical imaging tool in the diagnoses and management of several disease conditions including multiple sclerosis, prostate and breast cancer, epilepsy and seizure disorders, soft tissue joint disorders and vertebral spine disorders. MRI is also very useful in diagnosing breast disorders especially in younger women and following inconclusive breast ultrasound scans and mammograms. Pancreaticobiliary duct disorders like choledocholithiasis, acute and chronic pancreatitis are also well investigated with MRI. MRI services are unavailable at the Ho Teaching Hospital (HTH), a major referral hospital, and one of the five teaching hospitals in Ghana. The clinical implication of this is that patients who need MRI services have to travel long distances to other hospitals to access MRI services. The lack of MRI services at the HTH makes the diagnoses of critical medical conditions difficult, and in some cases, impossible. This commentary draws attention to the importance of MRI in the diagnoses and management of common medical conditions seen at the HTH and the lapses in diagnosing and managing patients with such conditions at the hospital.","PeriodicalId":73881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of orthopaedics and sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epidemiological, Biological, Physical and Radiological Surveys for the Diagnosis of Adult Skeletal Fluorosis in the Rift Valley Region of Ethiopia: A Single Point Prevalence Study","authors":"Heron Gezahegn","doi":"10.26502/josm.511500083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/josm.511500083","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":73881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of orthopaedics and sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) has become one of the most reliable surgical interventions that has improved the quality of life in many patients. THA allows patients to have increased mobility, range of motion, and reduced pain in patients with degenerative hip joints. This surgical procedure has become an effective treatment option for several chronic conditions affecting the hip joint. Although this surgery has been shown to give promising results in patients with hip pathology, selecting the approach for THA is a critical step in pre-operative planning. The best approach for this surgical procedure depends on multiple factors and each present with their own challenges, success rates, and limitations. To further elucidate the advantages and disadvantages associated with different surgical approaches, we critically review each surgical approach along with the different causes of failure of the THA procedure.
{"title":"Surgical Approaches in Total Hip Arthroplasty.","authors":"Rajiv Supra, Rajesh Supra, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/josm.511500106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/josm.511500106","url":null,"abstract":"The Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) has become one of the most reliable surgical interventions that has improved the quality of life in many patients. THA allows patients to have increased mobility, range of motion, and reduced pain in patients with degenerative hip joints. This surgical procedure has become an effective treatment option for several chronic conditions affecting the hip joint. Although this surgery has been shown to give promising results in patients with hip pathology, selecting the approach for THA is a critical step in pre-operative planning. The best approach for this surgical procedure depends on multiple factors and each present with their own challenges, success rates, and limitations. To further elucidate the advantages and disadvantages associated with different surgical approaches, we critically review each surgical approach along with the different causes of failure of the THA procedure.","PeriodicalId":73881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of orthopaedics and sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10310317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal condition and the most common cause of activity limitation among the middle aged and elderly population. Uric acid (UA) is constitutively present in normal cells, increased in concentration when cells are injured, and released from dying cells. Reaction of UA with oxidizing species generates UA radicals which is capable of causing biological damage. Several studies have previously showed an association between raised uric acid level and OA. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the correlation between serum uric acid level and radiological severity of knee osteoarthritis according to Kellgren-Lawrence grading. Methods: This was a cross sectional study done among 80 cases of knee osteoarthritis for the period from August 2017 to May 2018 in Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, (Shahbagh, Dhaka). Correlation between serum uric acid level and severity of knee osteoarthritis was made by Spearman’s rho correlation. Continuous variables were tested with paired t-tests. Ordinal variables were tested with Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Mean serum Uric Acid was 6.08 ± 1.11 mg/dl in male and 5.99 ± 0.97 mg/dl in female patients. Majority of the patients (42.5%) suffered from Grade 3 knee osteoarthritis radiologically. Maximum uric acid level was found (6.53 ± 1.54) in Grade 4 osteoarthritis. Mean Serum Uric acid Level was 5.85 ± 0.28 in Grade 3 and 5.52 ± 0.47 in Grade 2 knee osteoarthritis. Serum Uric acid level with severity of knee osteoarthritis Spearman’s rho correlation was done. There was significant correlation between severity of knee osteoarthritis and serum uric acid (rs=+0.288; p=0.013). Conclusions: Serum uric acid levels are significantly related to the radiological severity of knee osteoarthritis. The level of serum UA was found to be in increasing order, parallel to the grades of the disease.
{"title":"Association of Serum Uric Acid with the Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Sarker S, K. T, Dinara Na, Sharmin S","doi":"10.26502/josm.511500077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/josm.511500077","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal condition and the most common cause of activity limitation among the middle aged and elderly population. Uric acid (UA) is constitutively present in normal cells, increased in concentration when cells are injured, and released from dying cells. Reaction of UA with oxidizing species generates UA radicals which is capable of causing biological damage. Several studies have previously showed an association between raised uric acid level and OA. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the correlation between serum uric acid level and radiological severity of knee osteoarthritis according to Kellgren-Lawrence grading. Methods: This was a cross sectional study done among 80 cases of knee osteoarthritis for the period from August 2017 to May 2018 in Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, (Shahbagh, Dhaka). Correlation between serum uric acid level and severity of knee osteoarthritis was made by Spearman’s rho correlation. Continuous variables were tested with paired t-tests. Ordinal variables were tested with Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Mean serum Uric Acid was 6.08 ± 1.11 mg/dl in male and 5.99 ± 0.97 mg/dl in female patients. Majority of the patients (42.5%) suffered from Grade 3 knee osteoarthritis radiologically. Maximum uric acid level was found (6.53 ± 1.54) in Grade 4 osteoarthritis. Mean Serum Uric acid Level was 5.85 ± 0.28 in Grade 3 and 5.52 ± 0.47 in Grade 2 knee osteoarthritis. Serum Uric acid level with severity of knee osteoarthritis Spearman’s rho correlation was done. There was significant correlation between severity of knee osteoarthritis and serum uric acid (rs=+0.288; p=0.013). Conclusions: Serum uric acid levels are significantly related to the radiological severity of knee osteoarthritis. The level of serum UA was found to be in increasing order, parallel to the grades of the disease.","PeriodicalId":73881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of orthopaedics and sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Various studies examined the factors that influence climbing performance measuring the contribution of anthropometric factors, physiological factors, physical factors, technical factors, psychological factors and mental factors. IRCRA developed a battery with 10 tests that evaluate key physiological parameters in climbing. Hypothesis: We can predict climbing red-point performance based on the 5 factors: antropometric factor, upper body factor, flexibility factor, core factor and training factor. Methods: The study was performed on 17 youth advanced climbers both male and female. The evaluating instrument was IRCRA performance-related test battery for climbers with 3 more added tests: push-ups, dips and hanging crunches. Results: We composed five factors that influence red-point performance, which are, in order of their importance: training factors, upper body strength factors, anthropometric factors, core strength factor and flexibility factors. The model predicted 81.7% of the climbing performance variance. Power slap at Gullich rungs was the most predicting of the upper body strength. Conclusions: The most important factor for performance in climbing is a trainable skill: strength of the upper body. Specific training on specific holds is more important than general physical preparation. Anthropometric characteristics influence performance more than core strength or flexibility in climbing. Clinical relevance : We tested the efficiency of IRCRA battery in evaluating climbing performance and concluded that this battery can be used as a selection testing for competitions. This leads to better selection for competitions according to climbers’ level of preparation and can lead to less frequent injuries.
{"title":"Testing IRCRA Battery and Its Predictive Value on Red-Point Performance in Youth Advanced Climbers","authors":"Antonia Ioana Vasile and, M. Stănescu","doi":"10.26502/josm.511500108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/josm.511500108","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Various studies examined the factors that influence climbing performance measuring the contribution of anthropometric factors, physiological factors, physical factors, technical factors, psychological factors and mental factors. IRCRA developed a battery with 10 tests that evaluate key physiological parameters in climbing. Hypothesis: We can predict climbing red-point performance based on the 5 factors: antropometric factor, upper body factor, flexibility factor, core factor and training factor. Methods: The study was performed on 17 youth advanced climbers both male and female. The evaluating instrument was IRCRA performance-related test battery for climbers with 3 more added tests: push-ups, dips and hanging crunches. Results: We composed five factors that influence red-point performance, which are, in order of their importance: training factors, upper body strength factors, anthropometric factors, core strength factor and flexibility factors. The model predicted 81.7% of the climbing performance variance. Power slap at Gullich rungs was the most predicting of the upper body strength. Conclusions: The most important factor for performance in climbing is a trainable skill: strength of the upper body. Specific training on specific holds is more important than general physical preparation. Anthropometric characteristics influence performance more than core strength or flexibility in climbing. Clinical relevance : We tested the efficiency of IRCRA battery in evaluating climbing performance and concluded that this battery can be used as a selection testing for competitions. This leads to better selection for competitions according to climbers’ level of preparation and can lead to less frequent injuries.","PeriodicalId":73881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of orthopaedics and sports medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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