Journal of prevention (2022)最新文献

Until recently, the field of implementation science has provided limited insight and guidance on the use of community engagement and partnership to support implementation of evidence-based practices. Listing community engagement as a barrier to optimal implementation is often the extent of the discussion. An article recently published by Perry et al. (PS 24:61-76, 2023) details what community engagement can entail and documents how this engagement can shape opioid use prevention research. The article also describes benefits of engaging community partners in prevention interventions, particularly for opioid use disorder, and the feasibility of employing multiple levels of engagement to do so. The article concludes by emphasizing areas for future research including examining the role community engagement has on the success of prevention interventions and the impact on long-term intervention outcomes. To respond to the Perry et al. (PS 24:61-76, 2023) article, our team conducted a literature scan of recently published implementation science and community engagement manuscripts, which demonstrated a growing body of research on the subject. We summarize these findings by offering suggested approaches for integrating implementation science and community engagement for substance use prevention programs and suggestions for advancing this intersection.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between Quality of Life (QOL) and independent factors, emphasizing Socio Economic Status (SES) in northwestern Iran. A population-based cross-sectional study was performed within the Persian Traffic safety and health Cohort in 2020. Participants were chosen using stratified random sampling method. The majority of participants (69%) were aged between 30 and 65. Around half of the participants were males (54.44%). Most of the female respondents were categorized as very low and medium levels of SES Based on multiple linear regression analysis, the QOL among females was lower compared to males (β: - 0.92, 95% CI - 1.82 to - 0.22). There was a negative association between SES and QOL; individuals with low and very low levels of SES had a lower QOL than those with a medium level of SES (β: - 4.38, 95% CI - 5.9 to - 2.86) (β: - 2.65, 95% CI - 4.08 to - 1.22). The current study highlights that higher SES and educational levels are positively associated with higher QOL. Conversely, older age, females, and widowed individuals are linked with lower QOL.

Hazardous alcohol use tends to be more prominent among higher education students. The COVID-19 pandemic severely altered student life, raising questions on its impact on students' alcohol use patterns. The current study examined cross-country variations in drinking behaviors (weekly drinking and binge drinking), and the extent to which these variations were associated with containment measures implemented during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were obtained from the COVID-19 International Student Well-being Study, covering students in 25 middle- and upper-high income countries. Data on government responses were retrieved from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed on weekly drinking (n = 44,212) and binge drinking (n = 32,785). Considerable cross-country variation existed for weekly drinking and binge drinking. In the majority of countries, a self-reported decrease in weekly drinking and a substantial self-reported decrease in binge drinking were observed. Closings of schools were associated with decreases in weekly drinking, while limitations on social gatherings were associated with increases in weekly drinking. The stringency index was associated with reporting decreased binge drinking. The study findings demonstrate a number of small yet significant associations between containment measures and changes in student drinking behaviors. Future studies are required to uncover why some students increased their alcohol consumption, particularly in countries with stricter limitations on social gatherings.

Stair use is a physical activity that can be incorporated into the daily lifestyle of a majority of the population, resulting in several health benefits. Nudges are increasingly used in public health interventions to encourage healthy behaviours such as physical activity in a cost-effective manner. This scoping review aimed to investigate the effect and the characteristics of nudges used on interventions to promote stair use. We reviewed the relevant literature published in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Mendeley and Google Scholar, from January 2009 to May 2022. Eligibility criteria included original studies of any type of design, written in English, targeting healthy adults, reporting nudging interventions, using elevator or escalator as comparators and defining a baseline for comparisons. Initially, 118 publications were identified, and after applying exclusion criteria, 27 articles were included in the analysis. Results showed that most of the nudging interventions had significant positive effect on stair use in several settings. The evidence from this review suggests that incorporating nudges into public health interventions can effectively promote physical activity through increased stair usage. Emphasizing prevention measures in public health interventions may contribute to better health outcomes.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in middle-income countries such as Malaysia. There is a significant gap in knowledge between cardiovascular disease-related risk assessments and interventions in the Malaysian population. In this scoping review, we have determined the status of cardiovascular research in Malaysia by prioritising lifestyle-related risk assessments and interventions. We searched five electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, APA PsychINFO, Embase and Scopus) to identify relevant research articles that had been published. The Joanna Briggs Institute and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews served as a guide for the scoping review. Study selection was made using the Covidence platform, screened, and extracted. Thirty-one studies were included in this review. Studies reviewed reported a significant positive association between physical inactivity, smoking, poor dietary patterns, working hours, clustering of lifestyle risk, and cardiovascular disease risk. Most interventions focused on physical activity and a multimodal lifestyle approach, significantly improving primary and secondary cardiovascular disease-related outcomes. The findings suggest improving lifestyle-related risk assessments and interventions to prevent cardiovascular diseases in this population. It is unclear if these outcomes can translate to higher effectiveness in preventing cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, intervention using the multifaceted lifestyle approach can improve cardiovascular disease-related outcomes.

The changes in human lifestyle over the past few decades have impacted the prevalence of skin diseases within different societies. Skin diseases may result in various physical and mental disorders. The most common mental disorders observed among the patients are stress, anxiety, and depression. This study aims to investigate the global prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress in patients with skin diseases. In this Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis study, the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Embase, Web of science, and Google Scholar repositories were searched without a lower time limit. Heterogeneity among the identified studies was examined using the I² index, and accordingly random effects model was adopted for analysis. Data analysis was conducted within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (v. 2). In total, 113 studies were included for the final analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of stress, depression, and anxiety in skin disease patients was found to be 39.4%, 27.2% and 28.8%, respectively. Among patients with psoriasis, acne, vitiligo or atopic dermatitis diseases, the highest number of patients suffering from stress was related to patients with acne (75.7%). The highest prevalence of depression, and anxiety was reported in patients with vitiligo (38.3%) and acne (36.5%), respectively. Considering the high prevalence of mental disorders among patients with skin diseases and recognising the impacts of mental health challenges on patients' well-being, the findings of this study provide valuable insights for identifying specific populations that require targeted interventions for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illnesses. Accordingly, healthcare policymakers should incorporate psychological treatment and support measures as integral components of comprehensive care strategies for patients with skin diseases.

Mental health problems are the leading cause of childhood disability worldwide, resulting in poor outcomes for children and young people that persist into adulthood. It is essential that those young people most at risk of developing mental health problems receive effective preventative interventions. Whilst there have been a number of systematic reviews which have examined the effectiveness of secondary prevention interventions for specific groups of children and young people, or to address identified mental health concerns, no review has engaged with the breadth of this literature. We conducted a systematic review of systematic reviews to map this complex field of secondary preventative interventions and identify effective interventions to prevent mental health problems in children and adolescents aged 3-17 years. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO. We searched five electronic databases from inception to February 2023. The certainty of the evidence was appraised using the AMSTAR 2. We included 49 unique systematic reviews each including between 2 and 249 (mean 34) unique studies; the majority of which were reviews which included only or mostly randomised controlled trials (70%). The reviews examined selective interventions (defined as interventions which are delivered to sub-group populations of young people at increased risk of mental health problems) (n = 22), indicated interventions (defined as interventions which target young people who are found to have pre-clinical symptoms) (n = 15) or a synthesis of both (n = 12). The certainty of the evidence in the reviews was rated as high, (n = 12) moderate (n = 5), low (n = 9) and critically low (n = 23). We found evidence to support both selective and indicated interventions in a range of populations and settings, with most of this evidence available for children and young people in their mid-years (6-10 years) and early adolescence (11-13 years). There was a large body of evidence suggesting that resilience enhancing, cognitive behaviour therapy-based and psychoeducational interventions for children who experience adversity, or those with subclinical externalising problems may offer promise. Early selective interventions for a subpopulation of children and young people who have experienced adversity which combines risk reduction and resilience enhancing approaches directed at children and their families may be effective at reducing mental health problems.

This longitudinal study aimed to analyze the evolution of patterns of daily activities (physical activity time, screen usage time, and sleep hours) in European youth during school closure due to the COVID-19 health crisis. Participants were 624 caregivers of children and adolescents aged 3-18 from Italy, Spain, and Portugal. Evaluations were online, and four time-points were considered: retrospective measurement of daily activities before confinement (T1), and two (T2), five (T3), and eight (T4) weeks after starting the lockdown. Generally accepted international guidelines on physical activity time, screen usage time, and hours of sleep by age group were used to determine whether the pattern might increase the risk for ill health or not. To estimate the evolution of daily activities, generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used. The percentage of children who practiced less than 60 min of daily exercise increased significantly from before home confinement (47.8%) to T2 (86.4%); it slightly decreased at T3 (79.8%), and remained stable at T4 (76.1%). The percentage of children who made excessive use of screens (according to their age group) significantly increased from T1 to T2 and remained stable and high in the rest of the evaluations. The percentage of children who slept fewer or more hours than recommended for their age group remained stable between T1 and T4, although there was a significant increase at T3. In general, results found unhealthier behaviors as confinement was extended. Results are discussed in order to find strategies for promoting healthy daily activities for future pandemics.

About one in four women in the US report having experienced some form of intimate partner violence (IPV) during their lifetime and an estimated 15.5 million children live in families in which IPV occurred in the past year. Families of young children with IPV experiences often face complex needs and require well-coordinated efforts among service providers across social and health sectors. One promising partnership aims to support pregnant and parenting IPV survivors through coordination between IPV agencies and community-based maternal and early childhood home visiting programs. This study used social network analysis (SNA) to understand the interconnectedness of the system of IPV prevention and intervention for families with young children in a large US city. The SNA included 43 agencies serving this population across various service domains spanning IPV, legal, maternal and child health, and public benefit programs. An SNA survey collected data on four forms of collaboration between agencies, including formal administrative relationship, referral reciprocity, case consultation, and shared activities in community committees/organizing bodies. Density and centrality were the primary outcomes of interest. A community detection analysis was performed as a secondary analysis. The overall level of interconnectedness between the 43 responding agencies was low. Making referrals to each other was the most common form of collaboration, with a network density of 30%. IPV agencies had the highest average number of connections in the networks. There was a high level of variation in external collaborations among home visiting agencies, with several home visiting agencies having very few connections in the community but one home visiting program endorsing collaborative relationships with upwards of 38 partner agencies in the network. In serving families at risk for IPV, home visiting agencies were most likely to have referral relationships with mental health provider agencies and substance use disorder service agencies. A community detection analysis identified distinct communities within the network and demonstrated that certain agency types were more connected to one another while others were typically siloed within the network. Notably, the IPV and home visiting communities infrequently overlapped. Sensitivity analyses showed that survey participants' knowledge of their agencies' external collaborations varied by their work roles and agencies overall had low levels of consensus about their connectedness to one another. We identified a heterogeneous service system available to families of young children at-risk for or experiencing IPV. Overall inter-agency connectedness was low, with many siloed agencies and a lack of shared knowledge of community resources. Understanding current collaborations, silos, and centrality of agencies is an effective public health tool for allocating scarce resources across diverse service sectors to efficiently improve the

To examine the mediation effect of burnout on the association between workaholism and tobacco and alcohol use. A total of 2199 workers from the French national electricity company fulfilled an online questionnaire. Smoking status, alcohol use disorder based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption and workaholism based on the Work Addiction Risk Test were used as binary variables. Burnout was assessed as a continuous variable with the Copenhagen Burn-Out Inventory. Mediation analyses tested the direct effect of the associations between workaholism and each substance use, as well as the indirect effect passing through burnout, while adjusting for sociodemographic factors (gender, age, occupational grade and marital life), work stress using the effort-reward imbalance and overcommitment. When testing the mediation effect of burnout on the relation between workaholism and smoking, there was a significant direct effect of workaholism on smoking (Estimated effect of 0.27 [95% CI 0.01; 0.54]) and a significant indirect effect passing through burnout (Estimated effect of 0.09 [95% CI 0.02; 0.15]). When testing the mediation effect of burnout on the relation between workaholism and alcohol use, the direct effect of workaholism on alcohol use was not significant (Estimated effect of 0.21 [95% CI - 0.01; 0.44]) while the indirect effect passing through burnout was significant (Estimated effect of 0.10 [95% CI 0.04; 0.17]). Information and prevention regarding substance use should be reinforced among workers exposed to workaholism, especially if their workaholism led to a high level of burnout. Preventing the emergence of burnout among workaholics might have some benefits on their tobacco and alcohol use.