Journal of prevention (2022)最新文献

China has one of the world's largest obese populations combined with the largest scale of mobile internet penetration, but there is limited evidence on the relationship between mobile internet use (MIU) and body mass index (BMI) among obese Chinese adults. We aimed to explore the effect of MIU on BMI in obese Chinese adults and the heterogeneity of this effect at different quartiles. Data were derived from two waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) spanning 2020 to 2022. The final analytic sample comprised 15098 observations, focusing on adults defined as obese. We employed logistic random effects models to examine the general association between MIU and obesity risk, followed by linear random effects models to quantify the specific impact of MIU duration on BMI within the obese population. Furthermore, quantile regression and subgroup analyses were utilized to investigate the heterogeneity of these effects across different BMI distributions and age cohorts. Firstly, after controlling for covariates and individual-level random effects, MIU was positively correlated with obesity (OR=1.054, 95%CI: 1.003-1.108, p<0.05), and further positively influenced BMI among obese adults (B=0.032, p<0.05). Secondly, the coefficient of MIU's impact on BMI among obese adults increased progressively and remained significant as the quantile rose from lower to higher levels (at or above the 30th percentile). Lastly, when age groups were used as the basis for division, the effect of MIU on BMI among obese adults was only significant among young adults (B=0.041, p<0.05). We confirmed that a longer duration of MIU may lead to an increase in BMI among obese Chinese adults, and this relationship exhibits heterogeneity across different quantiles and age groups.

Child sexual abuse (CSA) remains a significant public health concern with lasting impacts on victims' mental, emotional, and social well-being. In recent decades, school-based prevention programs have been implemented globally to increase children's knowledge, attitudes, and protective behaviors. Although previous meta-analyses have reported overall program effectiveness, there is limited synthesis regarding the influence of variables such as session count and intervention style. This study aims to provide an updated meta-analysis focused on the effectiveness of school-based CSA prevention programs, with particular attention to the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of participants. A systematic search of six databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, ERIC, and YÖKTEZ) was conducted to identify studies published between 2012 and 2022. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized and quasi-experimental studies involving school-aged children (5-18 years) and evaluating school-based CSA prevention interventions. Following PRISMA guidelines, 26 studies (N = 13,669) were included. Effect sizes were calculated using Hedges' g under both fixed and random effects models, and moderator analyses were conducted based on intervention style, grade level, and session count. The overall effect size for knowledge outcomes was 0.796 (random effects model), while the effect size for attitude and behavior outcomes was 0.759. Moderator analyses revealed that intervention length and participant educational level significantly influenced knowledge outcomes (p < 0.05), whereas modern intervention styles had a greater effect on attitudes and behaviors (p = 0.036). School-based CSA prevention programs are effective in improving children's knowledge and fostering protective attitudes and behaviors. Programs with multiple sessions and those targeting younger students demonstrate greater efficacy. Findings underscore the need for standardizing program components and assessing long-term impacts to enhance program sustainability and generalizability.

Self-harm is the most significant risk factor for death by suicide. The aim of this study is to present trends and characteristics of hospital-presenting intentional self-harm and events of undetermined intent in Croatia from 2017 to 2023, with a focus on sex and age differences, in order to identify the at-risk groups towards whom prevention activities should be directed. Data were collected from the National Public Health Information System, and hospitalization rates were analyzed by sex, age, and year of hospitalization. The average hospitalization rate for intentional self-harm was 27.46 per 100,000, while the overall rate (including events of undetermined intent) was 44.47 per 100,000. Trends over the years indicate a general increase in hospitalization rates from 2017 to 2023, with the exception of 2020, when a temporary (statistically non-significant) decline was recorded. The highest rate in the observed period was reached in 2022. Furthermore, significant sex differences were observed. The hospitalization rate for intentional self-harm was statistically significantly higher among females (24% lower in males). However, when events of undetermined intent were included, the hospitalization rate became statistically significantly higher among males (7% higher compared to females). The highest hospitalization rates were recorded among females aged 15-19 years, peaking in 2022 (195.76 per 100,000). It is necessary to strengthen the system of monitoring and diagnostics and to develop targeted, gender-sensitive preventive interventions in order to reduce the risk of self-harm and the associated risk of suicide mortality.

Background Sleep disorders and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) bare both highly prevalent globally. But the relationships between them remain unclear. So we aimed to explore the impact of sleep disorders on NAFLD risk. Methods Using a combination of meta-analysis and Mendelian Randomization (MR), we investigated the associations between three common sleep disorders and NAFLD, including insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and narcolepsy. For meta-analysis, we systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science and Embase up to July 3, 2024. Ultimately, 13 studies were included, encompassing a total of 537,497 participants. Subsequently, MR analyses were performed to explore the causal relationships between each of the three sleep disorders and NAFLD. Results The meta-analysis revealed that insomnia (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.05-1.87), OSA (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.47-3.13) and narcolepsy (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.05-1.80) were all associated with an elevated NAFLD risk. Moreover, MR analysis indicated a causal relationship between OSA and NAFLD (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04-1.37, P = 0.042). However, the strong evidence of the causal relationships between narcolepsy or insomnia and NAFLD was not found. Conclusion In this study, meta-analysis results indicate a significant link between the three common sleep disorders (insomnia, OSA, narcolepsy) and increased NAFLD risk. MR analysis suggests a causal relationship between OSA and NAFLD. However, there's no sufficient evidence for causal links of both narcolepsy and insomnia with NAFLD.

This study introduces and validates the Internet Use Scale for Emotional Distress Avoidance in Adolescents (IU-EDA), designed to assess the tendency to use the Internet as a coping strategy for negative emotional states. A total of 764 adolescents (51.8% boys; aged 11-17, mean age: 13.32 years) from ten Spanish municipalities participated across two samples. The IU-EDA was developed following theoretical models of Problematic Internet Use (PIU) and use to avoid emotional distress in adolescents. Items were developed from literature and validated via the Delphi technique. Analyses included descriptive statistics, correlations, factor analysis, reliability (Cronbach's alpha), regressions for predictive validity, and Cohen's d comparisons. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a two-factor structure: Avoidance of Negative Moods (ANM) and Avoidance of Self-Esteem Threats (AST), explaining 68.1% of the total variance. The scale showed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.923) and strong convergent validity with emotional dysregulation, anxiety, depression, and PIU, and weak associations with life satisfaction. ANM, associated with transient emotions like anxiety, sadness, and irritability, showed a stronger predictive relationship with PIU and variables such as late-night Internet use and extended online hours. In contrast, AST, linked to more stable emotional traits like hopelessness, had a lesser direct impact on these behaviors. The findings highlight that PIU in adolescents is primarily driven by immediate negative emotional states, emphasizing the importance of addressing emotional regulation skills in preventive interventions. Gender differences were observed, with girls scoring higher in ANM and PIU. This study validates the IU-EDA for identifying emotional factors associated with PIU and guiding prevention and treatment. It highlights ANM as a priority target, while AST requires more intensive clinical approaches where more stable emotional vulnerabilities are present.

Background: As traditional tobacco use has declined, the market for novel nicotine products, particularly nicotine pouches, has increased in recent years. This study examines factors associated with nicotine pouch use and their relationship with intentions to quit cigarette smoking.

Methods: This study utilized nationally representative survey data from the 2022/2023 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to examine sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with current nicotine pouch use. Additionally, we assessed whether the use of nicotine pouches was associated with intentions to quit cigarette smoking among current cigarette smokers.

Results: Current nicotine pouch use was reported by approximately 0.5% of adults, with a higher prevalence (1.2%) in current cigarette smokers. Current nicotine pouch users were significantly more likely to be male, younger, non-Hispanic White, and to use other tobacco products. Among current cigarette smokers, those using nicotine pouches had significantly higher odds of intending to quit smoking within the next 6 months (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.12 - 2.83) and within the next 30 days (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.24 - 3.52).

Conclusion: Nicotine pouch use is more prevalent among younger, male, non-Hispanic White, and smoking adults. A positive association was found between nicotine pouch use and intentions to quit smoking among current smokers. While popular in specific groups and associated with cigarette quit intentions, these products present both potential public health benefits and risks that warrant continued investigation.

Youth violence, including gender-based violence, is a major public health issue in the UK, yet evidence on effective interventions in the UK remains limited. Becoming a Man (BAM) is a two-year school-based positive youth development programme for adolescent boys, developed in Chicago, US, where two RCTs found reduced violent crime arrests and improved academic engagement. This study evaluated BAM's potential in the UK using a theory-driven design (no comparison group). 97 boys aged 12-14 years (66% Black/Black British) in three London schools enrolled in BAM. Data sources included: implementation records (recruitment, attendance, adherence, quality, youth socio-demographics); school data (attendance, exclusions, attainment); 36 qualitative interviews (11 scholars, 14 parents, 3 school staff, 3 BAM counsellors (2 interviews each), 1 each from delivery organisation and intervention developer); and a counsellor focus group. Interviews focused on implementation, outcomes and BAM contribution to outcomes. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were analysed using framework analysis. Case studies of 11 scholars explored what worked, for whom, under what circumstances and why. Implementation outcomes were mixed. Attendance targets were met but those for group size, reach and curriculum progression were not. Case study scholars who engaged deeply with BAM's values demonstrated improved self-control and decision-making, although external influences also affected their development. Concerns about negative labelling were mitigated through balanced recruitment. Limited adverse effects on academic attainment were reported. BAM has potential in the UK but requires further adaptation, implementation support and evaluation (including impact on gender norms).

Within the framework of the Barcelona Health in the Neighborhoods strategy, an intervention was implemented in disadvantaged neighborhoods of the city to promote healthy leisure activities, training, and work experiences for adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of this intervention on emotional well-being, self-esteem, social relationships, substance use, and access to the labor market. We conducted a non-experimental pre-post mixed-methods evaluation of the intervention. A questionnaire was administered between 2017 and 2020 to participants at three time points: before the intervention (pre, N = 252), after completing Phase 2 training (post-1, N = 142), and after the first employment experience (post-2, N = 81). In 2021, qualitative interviews were conducted with both participants and program educators who had taken part in the intervention between 2019 and 2021. A total of 27 individuals (participants and educators) took part in the interviews. We collected data on emotional well-being and employment as primary outcomes, and on resilience, substance use, perceived health, self-esteem, social support, and program satisfaction as secondary outcomes. Quantitative data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses, and qualitative information underwent thematic analysis. Our findings showed improved well-being and higher employment rates among participants, as well as greater perseverance and trust. The program also contributed to enhanced practical knowledge, social skills, and interpersonal relationships. In contrast, tobacco and alcohol use increased after the intervention. This study suggests that healthy leisure and labor insertion interventions for young people might facilitate workforce entry and improve young people's well-being and overall quality of life.

Community-dwelling, non-familial intergenerational programmes (IPs) have emerged as a promising approach to preventing social isolation and loneliness among older adults. However, there is a need for a comprehensive understanding of the key components, underlying mechanisms, and contextual factors involved in implementing such programmes. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive logic model framework for non-familial IPs to guide future programme design and implementation. A qualitative approach was employed to analyse the 'Post für Dich!' [Mail for You] programme in rural Lower Austria through semi-structured interviews with older adults, implementation agents, and community leaders, along with a focus group of primary school children, and a document analysis. The resulting logic model framework identifies critical inputs (e.g., local coordinator, engaged implementation agents, meeting spaces, programme flexibility), highlights the role of existing organisational settings in facilitating access to target groups, and outlines key activities (programme initiation, coordination, letter exchanges, and intergenerational events). It reports multifaceted benefits for participants, such as improved attitudes, dispelled age stereotypes, expanded social networks, and an enriched daily life for older adults. Potential community-level impacts, such as fostering multigenerational awareness and integration, are noted. This empirically grounded framework serves as a practical tool for systematically designing, implementing, and evaluating IPs across diverse settings. It can facilitate knowledge transfer, evidence-informed practice, and capacity-building efforts, contributing to the effective implementation of these interventions.

South Africa has some of the highest prevalence and incidence rates of non-communicable diseases in the world. In this study, the burden of obesity and its impact on cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension were investigated among South African men and women. The study utilized data from the South African National Income Dynamics Study (SA-NIDS) surveys conducted from 2008 to 2017. A total of 80,270 individuals consented to participate, comprising 32,686 men (41%) and 47,584 women (59%). Besides multivariable logistic regression models, the relative importance of obesity on hypertension was assessed and compared to behavioral and socioeconomic conditions. Obesity and elevated waist-circumference measurements were the most prominent correlates of increased prevalence of hypertension. After adjusting for non-modifiable and background risk factors, the population-attributable risk (PAR%) of obesity on hypertension exceeded that of other traditional risk factors. It was substantially higher in women ( $PAR\%s$ ranged: 52%, 95% CI: 50%, 55%) compared to men ( $PAR\%s$ ranged: 33%, 95% CI: 31%, 36%). In sex-specific analyses, men and women with obesity were more than four and three times more likely, respectively, to be hypertensive (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 4.41 and 3.72, p < 0.001) compared to those with normal weights. Prevention strategies targeting key modifiable factors such as obesity, waist circumference, smoking, alcohol use and lack of exercise, are likely the most effective means of identifying and reaching those at highest risk. Furthermore, developing and implementing socially and culturally appropriate awareness programs remain a research priority.