Journal of the history of dentistry最新文献

Charles B. Hammond, M.D., of Nashua, New Hampshire did a favor for today's readers of the Journal of the History of Dentistry. He wrote a concise but fact-filled biography of Luther Franklin Locke, M.D. which was published in Edward Everett Parker's History if the City of Nashua, in 1897.¹.

Quackery in medicine is as old as medicine. In times of crisis desperate patients believe in extraordinary claims. In the annals of pain killer quack medicine, elixirs, nostrums and liniments hold a special position. The College of Dentistry at NYU received a collection of 234 bottles of quack medicine dating from approximately 1850 through 1940.

In this paper, the THIRD in a series of articles featuring "Elixirs of the Past", we focus on five particularly notable samples claiming to have "electric" properties: Electric Brand Oil Compound, Hunt's Lightening Oil, Electric Indian Liniment, Regent's Electric Liniment and Haven's Electro-magnetic Liniment. Needless to say, none of these contained electricity or even electrolytes for that matter. In 1906, Congress enacted The Pure Food and Drug Act to prohibit exaggerated or unsubstantiated claims in the marketing and labeling of household products and to control the use of potentially harmful ingredients. The modern-day use of internet advertisements to make unsupported claims is in some ways even more brazen than the advertisements from a century ago.

There are few formal publications in Australia relating to Victorian-era dentures and reliable evidence relating to their contemporaneous design, ownership and type is almost non-existent. Archeologists have reported only ten denture units retrieved from eight individuals interred in 19^th century Australian cemeteries. A salvage excavation in 2001 at the North Brisbane Burial Grounds (NBBG, 1843-1875) uncovered, inter alia, an assemblage of two metal- and two vulcanite-based dentures. The names of the owners, the records of the dental practitioners and allied contextual information have been lost. This report is the first detailed analysis in Australia of 19^th century dentures. It presents an investigation into the composition and underpinning laboratory technology within this quartette of NBBG artifacts, which represent half the known, and the only two alloy-based, dentures retrieved from 19^th century cemeteries throughout Australia. The data within is a compilation of and extensive literature review, historical research methods, macroscopic inspection, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The results provide insight into dental practice and affiliated technologies in Victorian-era Brisbane.

Microbial control and tooth retention in dentistry have been paramount for all clinicians for over 130 years. However, in the late 1800s and early 1900s the dental profession was challenged to devise methods to eradicate microbial species from the root canal system if teeth were to be retained in symptom-free function. One system that was devised was electrosterilization and its variations, the roots and methods of which will be explored in this paper.

We are pleased to publish the following postcard that was submitted by Dr. Robert (Bob) L. Koolkin from Beaufort, South Carolina, one or our long-time members. This is one of his favorite cards that was posted in 1903. He writes, "Please note the 'key' that the 'dentist' holds behind his back as well as both the two sets of initials, as well as the "Before" and "After" captions that the writer added. The brief note on the reverse also gives the reader a feel for the times (Figs. 1 A & B). Fig. B reads: "Am very sorry to hear you have such a bad face, hope you will soon be better. I wonder if you could send me a little green book from the cupboard in the top bedroom called Arnolds Handbook of Africa, also one of the British Isles, paper covers. Much Love, from Hilda".

For decades dentists have faced the challenge of achieving profound anesthesia in the presence of a severe tooth ache. Frequently this challenge was more acute when the tooth or teeth in question were mandibular molars. Over a 125 years ago this clinical dilemma was managed by using cocaine, both directly on an exposed dental pulp and often times using a solution of such injected directly into the pulp. Both clinical applications were considered as achieving "pressure anesthesia" sufficient to permit pulp extirpation. This historical perspective will focus on both the origins of this approach and its contemporary counterparts.

In the late 18th and early 19th century American-trained dentists were perceived by the public to be superior to locally trained dentists in many parts of Europe. Some individuals traveled to the United States for training. Other dentists simply claimed falsely to have an American degree or received one through the mail from one of several dental school diploma mills operating in the United States.

Very few "Dentist AND Cupper" trade cards are known and this is the only illustrated one known to the authors. "Mr. Glissan, Dentist and Cupper, 147 Blackfriars Road, (London), Teeth extracted for the Poor Gratuitously." Above the text and in the center is a eight-sided brass boxed scarificator. Developed in the 18th century as a more humane and efficient instrument for bloodletting than lancets or fleams, scarificators had multiple blades that shot out with the press of a spring-loaded lever creating an instantaneous series of parallel cuts in the skin of the patient. After the cuts were made a warm glass cup (to create a vacuum) was applied to drain blood. Two of these cups are pictured on each side of the scarificator. A mandible to the left and a maxilla to the right are also pictured. An explanation of the ancient procedure of cupping can be accessed at: https://www.webmd.com/balance/guide/cupping-therapy#1 (accessed 30 October 2020). Mr. Glessan's offer of free extractions for the poor is not unknown but seldom found on early dentist's trade cards.

Humphrey Bogart's mother (Fig. 1)¹ undoubtedly had a strange sense of humor. How else can one explain Maud Humphrey's bizarre image, on a stock trade card, of a lovely little lass dressed up in her Sunday best lighting the flame under a chafing dish containing two adorable kittens (Figs. 2-5)? Were kitten fondue or kitty feline stew, dishes du jour in Victorian times? Pictured here are three Victorian trade cards, related to dentistry, featuring Maud Humphrey's adorable little kitten chef. Dr. Eli H. Neiman of York, Pennsylvania, and Dr. Charles S. Decker of Binghamton, New York, chose this stock image to advertise their respective dental practices (Figs. 3 & 4), Ramon's Relief pain medication, including toothache relief, and RAMON'S LIVER PILLS AND TONIC PELLETS were available from W.E. JUDAY in West Manchester, Ohio (Figure 4). Note on the reverse of the Dr. Decker card, that for 50 cents "Vitalized Air for Painless Extracting" was offered. "Vitalized Air" was nitrous oxide altered with small amounts of chloroform and alcohol.^2-4 Could it be that Maud had sniffed a bit of Vitalized Air before rendering her shocking kitty-cooking image?

Musée de la Cour d'Or, Metz, France, possesses a female skull bearing a gold wire dental appliance claimed in a 1934 Dental Cosmos article on the history of dental prosthetics to be 'probably' Merovingian in origin. Inquiries in 2017 revealed current museum curators were unaware of this claim but were skeptical of such dating, suggesting scientific analysis might provide clarity. Carbon dating of a tooth from the skull was performed placing the artifact in the mid seventeenth-late eighteenth centuries, while Metz historical records reveal the find site was occupied by a convent of nuns for most of C14 dated period. Strontium isotopic analysis indicated that the woman was a local of the Metz region while fluorine analysis indicated exposure to fluoride early in life. Oral health status and the dentistry indicate the woman was of high social status.