Samuel Ehiabhi Okhale, Chukkol Buba, P. Oladosu, H. Egharevba, Grace E. Ugbabe, J. Ibrahim, O. Kunle
All parts of Garcinia kola are used in traditional medicine for various ailments including inflammation and infections. The leaf essential oil (EO) of Garcinia kola was isolated by hydrodistillation using Clavenger type apparatus and subjected to GC-MS analyses. A total of twenty-seven compounds were identified representing 88.27% of the oil. The main components of Original Research Article Okhale et al.; ACSJ, 13(4): 1-7, 2016; Article no.ACSJ.24019 2 the essential oil were citronellic acid (48.3%), 5,9-undecadien-2-one (5.12%), α-ionone (4.38%), 3buten-2-one (3.25%), 2-pentadecanone (2.59%), squalene (2.27%), nonacosane (2.18%), octanal (1.9%), geraniol (1.52%), mesitylene (1.17%) and α-farnesene (1.02%). The oil contained many compounds that were active against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Mycobacterium bovis with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from >400 to 50 μg/ml and could be exploited for the development of plantbased drugs.
{"title":"Chemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of the Leaf Essential Oil of Garcinia kola Heckel (Clusiaceae) from Nigeria","authors":"Samuel Ehiabhi Okhale, Chukkol Buba, P. Oladosu, H. Egharevba, Grace E. Ugbabe, J. Ibrahim, O. Kunle","doi":"10.9734/ACSJ/2016/24019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ACSJ/2016/24019","url":null,"abstract":"All parts of Garcinia kola are used in traditional medicine for various ailments including inflammation and infections. The leaf essential oil (EO) of Garcinia kola was isolated by hydrodistillation using Clavenger type apparatus and subjected to GC-MS analyses. A total of twenty-seven compounds were identified representing 88.27% of the oil. The main components of Original Research Article Okhale et al.; ACSJ, 13(4): 1-7, 2016; Article no.ACSJ.24019 2 the essential oil were citronellic acid (48.3%), 5,9-undecadien-2-one (5.12%), α-ionone (4.38%), 3buten-2-one (3.25%), 2-pentadecanone (2.59%), squalene (2.27%), nonacosane (2.18%), octanal (1.9%), geraniol (1.52%), mesitylene (1.17%) and α-farnesene (1.02%). The oil contained many compounds that were active against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Mycobacterium bovis with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from >400 to 50 μg/ml and could be exploited for the development of plantbased drugs.","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79051132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on the Tunable LCST Properties of Phenylalaninate Derivative with Branching Oligoethyleneoxy Chains","authors":"Pan Yu, Kundan Hao, Zhou-Ru Yang, Liangchun Li","doi":"10.9734/ACSJ/2016/28842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ACSJ/2016/28842","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80914901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proximate Analysis and Toxicological Studies of Polyalthia longifolia Seed Flour in Dietary Formulation of Albino Rats","authors":"I. Ajayi, E. Ifedi","doi":"10.9734/acsj/2016/19789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acsj/2016/19789","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"104 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83072226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper explains the synthesis of super porous hydrogel (SPH) with reinforcement of different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 g) of PVA by solution polymerization. The polymerisation process is conducted at a pH value of 5. The corollaries of PVA on different characteristics of super porous hydrogel were studied. The characterization study involves measurement of apparent density, swelling, mechanical strength and microstructure. The PVA added SPH are treated for a total time of 550 minutes in double distilled water and acid salt solution to analyse the swelling properties. The result shows that inclusion of PVA to SPH reduces its swelling tendency culminating that; the empathy for swelling is more in double distilled water than acid medium.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterisation of PVA/PVOH Based Super Porous Hydrogel","authors":"S. K. Barik, H. Sutar, S. Mishra","doi":"10.9734/ACSJ/2016/22127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ACSJ/2016/22127","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper explains the synthesis of super porous hydrogel (SPH) with reinforcement of different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 g) of PVA by solution polymerization. The polymerisation process is conducted at a pH value of 5. The corollaries of PVA on different characteristics of super porous hydrogel were studied. The characterization study involves measurement of apparent density, swelling, mechanical strength and microstructure. The PVA added SPH are treated for a total time of 550 minutes in double distilled water and acid salt solution to analyse the swelling properties. The result shows that inclusion of PVA to SPH reduces its swelling tendency culminating that; the empathy for swelling is more in double distilled water than acid medium.","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89277044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It was realized that extended reaction time did not affect either kappa number or yield for both untreated and bio-treated ethanol-alkali jute pulps. The delignification ability of the ethanol-alkali organosolv system was somewhat better than the caustic soda system. However, the ethanol addition into the caustic soda reflux system improved yield with probably carbohydrate retention in the pulp. Moreover, bio-treatment of jute prior to ethanol-alkali pulping under reflux system does not affect the delignification and yield. The maximum burst and tensile strength for ethanol-alkali system was found to be at 1 h. Cooking time with 3.9 kPa m 2 /g and 66.1 N m/g, respectively. However, increasing the reflux time for beyond 1 hour markedly reduce strengths. Moreover, the tear strengths of jute pulps from the caustic soda system were higher than pulps from the both untreated and bio-treated ethanol-alkali systems. The highest tear strength of 22.5 mN m 2 /g was also found with 1 h. Cooking in caustic soda system.
结果表明，延长反应时间对未处理和生物处理的乙醇碱黄麻浆的卡氏数和得率均无影响。乙醇-碱有机溶剂体系的脱木质素能力略优于烧碱体系。然而，在烧碱回流系统中添加乙醇提高了产量，可能在纸浆中保留了碳水化合物。在回流法制浆前对黄麻进行生物处理，不影响脱木质素和得率。在蒸煮时间为3.9 kPa m 2 /g和66.1 N m/g时，乙醇-碱体系的最大爆裂强度和拉伸强度为1 h。然而，增加回流时间超过1小时明显降低强度。此外，烧碱体系的黄麻浆的撕裂强度高于未经处理和生物处理的乙醇-碱体系。在烧碱体系中蒸煮1 h，其撕裂强度最高，为22.5 mN m2 /g。
{"title":"Properties of Jute Pulps from Atmospheric Organosolv Process","authors":"H. Şahin","doi":"10.9734/ACSJ/2016/25914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ACSJ/2016/25914","url":null,"abstract":"It was realized that extended reaction time did not affect either kappa number or yield for both untreated and bio-treated ethanol-alkali jute pulps. The delignification ability of the ethanol-alkali organosolv system was somewhat better than the caustic soda system. However, the ethanol addition into the caustic soda reflux system improved yield with probably carbohydrate retention in the pulp. Moreover, bio-treatment of jute prior to ethanol-alkali pulping under reflux system does not affect the delignification and yield. The maximum burst and tensile strength for ethanol-alkali system was found to be at 1 h. Cooking time with 3.9 kPa m 2 /g and 66.1 N m/g, respectively. However, increasing the reflux time for beyond 1 hour markedly reduce strengths. Moreover, the tear strengths of jute pulps from the caustic soda system were higher than pulps from the both untreated and bio-treated ethanol-alkali systems. The highest tear strength of 22.5 mN m 2 /g was also found with 1 h. Cooking in caustic soda system.","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89139164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study emphasizes the fabrications of Cadmium Oxide by extremity up approach adopting co-precipitation procedure. The surface morphology of fabricated Nano composites cadmium oxide was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microcopy (SEM) techniques. The treatment of simulated dyes wastewater was carried out by adsorption method using CdO Nano composites. In addition Malachite Green Oxalate (MGO) was selected as a model replicated system of dye wastewater, to explore the potential practicability for the elimination of the toxic dye. The adsorption experiments were heralded under the optimized conditions like adsorbent dosage, dye concentration and temperature. The acceptability of adsorption progression was estimated by proceeding adsorption models like Freundlich, Langmuir and D-R (Dubinin–Radushkevich). The values of R 2 show that Freundlich model is the best fitted model. The thermodynamic study was conducted to determine the values of free energy (∆G°), entropy (∆S°) and enthalpy (∆H°) change of the system. Adsorption Kinetic was also studied by Boyd’s model. The results demonstrated that adsorption efficiency was found to be 93% for Cadmium Oxidedye-Nano composites systems. The present model system can be employed on industrial scale as a single step process for the removal of dye pollutants and thus it could provide a new raised area for waste minimization. Original Research Article Atiya Firdous and Hameed; ACSJ, 13(1): 1-10, 2016; Article no.ACSJ.23799 2
目前的研究重点是采用共沉淀法的极端化法制备氧化镉。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)技术对制备的纳米氧化镉复合材料的表面形貌进行了分析。采用纳米复合材料对模拟染料废水进行了吸附处理。此外，还选择孔雀石绿草酸(Malachite Green Oxalate, MGO)作为染料废水的模型复制系统，探讨其去除有毒染料的潜在实用性。在最佳吸附剂用量、染料浓度、温度等条件下进行了吸附实验。采用Freundlich、Langmuir和D-R (Dubinin-Radushkevich)吸附模型对吸附过程的可接受性进行了估计。r2的值表明Freundlich模型是最适合的模型。进行热力学研究，测定系统的自由能(∆G°)、熵(∆S°)和焓(∆H°)变化。用Boyd模型研究了吸附动力学。结果表明，氧化镉-纳米复合材料的吸附效率为93%。该模型系统可用于工业规模的染料污染物的单步去除，从而为废物最小化提供了新的提升空间。原创研究文章Atiya Firdous和Hameed;学报，13(1):1-10,2016;文章no.ACSJ。23799 2
{"title":"The Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Composites of CdO and Its Applications for the Treatment of Simulated Dye Wastewater","authors":"Atiya Firdous, U. Hameed","doi":"10.9734/acsj/2016/23799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acsj/2016/23799","url":null,"abstract":"The current study emphasizes the fabrications of Cadmium Oxide by extremity up approach adopting co-precipitation procedure. The surface morphology of fabricated Nano composites cadmium oxide was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microcopy (SEM) techniques. The treatment of simulated dyes wastewater was carried out by adsorption method using CdO Nano composites. In addition Malachite Green Oxalate (MGO) was selected as a model replicated system of dye wastewater, to explore the potential practicability for the elimination of the toxic dye. The adsorption experiments were heralded under the optimized conditions like adsorbent dosage, dye concentration and temperature. The acceptability of adsorption progression was estimated by proceeding adsorption models like Freundlich, Langmuir and D-R (Dubinin–Radushkevich). The values of R 2 show that Freundlich model is the best fitted model. The thermodynamic study was conducted to determine the values of free energy (∆G°), entropy (∆S°) and enthalpy (∆H°) change of the system. Adsorption Kinetic was also studied by Boyd’s model. The results demonstrated that adsorption efficiency was found to be 93% for Cadmium Oxidedye-Nano composites systems. The present model system can be employed on industrial scale as a single step process for the removal of dye pollutants and thus it could provide a new raised area for waste minimization. Original Research Article Atiya Firdous and Hameed; ACSJ, 13(1): 1-10, 2016; Article no.ACSJ.23799 2","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86043415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ibrahim, J. Agwara, Yunusa Tukur, K. Nwanya, D. Nwakuba, S. Ayilara, O. Adegbola, A. Zanna, U. Aliyu
{"title":"Production of Biodiesel from Calabash Seed Oil","authors":"H. Ibrahim, J. Agwara, Yunusa Tukur, K. Nwanya, D. Nwakuba, S. Ayilara, O. Adegbola, A. Zanna, U. Aliyu","doi":"10.9734/ACSJ/2016/25472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ACSJ/2016/25472","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83729107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving the Slow Release System Using Chitosan-Alginate Nanoparticles with Various Methods for Curcumin","authors":"Ageng Putra, D. Siswanta, A. Suratman","doi":"10.9734/ACSJ/2016/25989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ACSJ/2016/25989","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"125 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91360939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structure-toxicity Relationships of Naphthylisoquinoline Derivatives as Antimalarial Agents Using Molecular Descriptors","authors":"Z. Ibrahim, A. Uzairu, S. Abechi","doi":"10.9734/acsj/2016/22639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acsj/2016/22639","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79678325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies of Some Essential Elements Composition of Potash Deposits Found in Yusufari Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria","authors":"P. Sudi, H. Maina, H. Bello, S. Hauwa, A. Modibbo","doi":"10.9734/acsj/2016/20198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acsj/2016/20198","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7399,"journal":{"name":"American Chemical Science Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88194177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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