Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.266.274
Omar Sadik Shalal, Ani-Simona Sevastre
The gastrointestinal tract seems to be the primary reservoir of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in humans. UPEC strains harbor the Urinary Tract (UT) and cause Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) which might represent a serious threat to human life. To counteract with the damage caused by the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), bacterial strains produce various enzymes and proteins like Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) to scavenge the toxic oxygen molecules. The present study was designed to find the relation between the growth and biofilm formation conditions in the natural and artificial media along with the increasing resistance to the oxidative stress conditions. We studied antibacterial activity by broth dilution, antibiofilm assay, and primary adherence assay on E. coli (UPEC) (MTCC 729). Oxidative stress was studied by hydrogen peroxide assay and Lipid peroxidation assay. We further evaluated the oxidative stress by real-time PCR using alkyl hydroperoxide reductase AhpC as the gene member. Throughout the study, bacterial growth and biofilm formation were found to be more in synthetic urine. Biofilms in synthetic urine showed increased accumulation of total ROS and LPO compared to the media. From the qPCR study, we found that, when grown in the presence of favorable media, the cells showed increased gene expression. Further studies that clarify the susceptibility of strains to stress conditions and treatments need to be confirmed at the protein level.
{"title":"Differential Gene Expression of Peroxide Resistant Protein (AhpC) in Planktonic and Biofilm State of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Cells","authors":"Omar Sadik Shalal, Ani-Simona Sevastre","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.266.274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.266.274","url":null,"abstract":"The gastrointestinal tract seems to be the primary reservoir of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in humans. UPEC strains harbor the Urinary Tract (UT) and cause Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) which might represent a serious threat to human life. To counteract with the damage caused by the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), bacterial strains produce various enzymes and proteins like Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) to scavenge the toxic oxygen molecules. The present study was designed to find the relation between the growth and biofilm formation conditions in the natural and artificial media along with the increasing resistance to the oxidative stress conditions. We studied antibacterial activity by broth dilution, antibiofilm assay, and primary adherence assay on E. coli (UPEC) (MTCC 729). Oxidative stress was studied by hydrogen peroxide assay and Lipid peroxidation assay. We further evaluated the oxidative stress by real-time PCR using alkyl hydroperoxide reductase AhpC as the gene member. Throughout the study, bacterial growth and biofilm formation were found to be more in synthetic urine. Biofilms in synthetic urine showed increased accumulation of total ROS and LPO compared to the media. From the qPCR study, we found that, when grown in the presence of favorable media, the cells showed increased gene expression. Further studies that clarify the susceptibility of strains to stress conditions and treatments need to be confirmed at the protein level.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.227.236
Jun Xing, Rui Wu, Hui Yu, Cailing Yuan, Xue Yang
As a non-essential element for plant growth and development, the heavy metal mercury (Hg) has significant toxicity to plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mercuric ion (Hg2+) on the oxidant response and calcium ion (Ca2+) in the protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana. The protoplast cells were exposed to 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mmol/L Hg2+ for 0.5 and 1.0 h, respectively. To detect the effect of Hg2+ on the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) with the laser scanning confocal microscopy, 2’ 7’-Dichlorofluorescent yellow Diacetate (DCFH-DA) was used to label ROS in protoplast cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. The result of confocal microscopy analysis showed that the level of ROS was increased in protoplast cells after the treatments of 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mmol/L Hg2+. However, the activity of antioxidant enzymes Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-PX) in protoplasts was decreased by 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mmol/L Hg2+ treatments. In addition, ion chromatography was used to study the effect of Hg2+ on the content of Ca2+ in the protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana. It showed that the content of Ca2+ in the outer cell of protoplasts was increased after the treatments of 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mmol/L Hg2+. In conclusion, Hg2+ decreases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and induces the elevation of ROS in the protoplast cells. Mercuric ion inhibits the absorption of Ca2+ by protoplast cells and the change of Ca2+ content may affect ROS level in the protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana.
{"title":"Effect of Mercuric Ion on the Oxidant Response and Calcium Ion in the Protoplasts of Arabidopsis Thaliana","authors":"Jun Xing, Rui Wu, Hui Yu, Cailing Yuan, Xue Yang","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.227.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.227.236","url":null,"abstract":"As a non-essential element for plant growth and development, the heavy metal mercury (Hg) has significant toxicity to plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mercuric ion (Hg2+) on the oxidant response and calcium ion (Ca2+) in the protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana. The protoplast cells were exposed to 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mmol/L Hg2+ for 0.5 and 1.0 h, respectively. To detect the effect of Hg2+ on the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) with the laser scanning confocal microscopy, 2’ 7’-Dichlorofluorescent yellow Diacetate (DCFH-DA) was used to label ROS in protoplast cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. The result of confocal microscopy analysis showed that the level of ROS was increased in protoplast cells after the treatments of 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mmol/L Hg2+. However, the activity of antioxidant enzymes Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-PX) in protoplasts was decreased by 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mmol/L Hg2+ treatments. In addition, ion chromatography was used to study the effect of Hg2+ on the content of Ca2+ in the protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana. It showed that the content of Ca2+ in the outer cell of protoplasts was increased after the treatments of 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mmol/L Hg2+. In conclusion, Hg2+ decreases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and induces the elevation of ROS in the protoplast cells. Mercuric ion inhibits the absorption of Ca2+ by protoplast cells and the change of Ca2+ content may affect ROS level in the protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To address the impact of low-temperature pH on the microbial community structure of river sediment in urban rivers during winter, the sediment of the Pi River was sampled to investigate. Four experimental samples were designed by varying the pH to 5.0, 7.0, and 8.5 based on the original sample (pH = 5.5) and the characteristics of the microbial community were analyzed using the high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the samples contained 23 phyla, 68 classes, and 100 genera of bacteria, of which Sphingomonales and Burkholderiales were the dominant genera. The highest abundance of Sphingomonales was 20%, whereas the highest abundance of Burkholderiales was up to 15% in the acid samples. The abundance of Proteobacteria was the highest in the original and alkaline samples, followed by Bacteroides and the number of other genera in alkaline and neutral samples is more than that in acidic samples. In addition, the abundance of Nitrosomonadales was more than 5% in the original, alkaline, and neutral samples and less than 1% in acidic conditions. The microbial community of the acid sample was quite different from the other three samples, with less richness and uniformity, which indicated that the acid pH had a great impact on the microbial community and the denitrifying bacteria were less active at the low-temperature condition in winter. This study provides a reference for the microbial community structure of the Pi River and a scientific basis for effectively addressing urban pollution in river management.
{"title":"Analysis of the Impact of Acidity and Alkalinity on the Microbial Community Structure in Urban Rivers","authors":"Dongmei Shen, Cairui Yu, Xinwei Song, Yulan Gao, Rusheng Jia, Luxiu Chai","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.202.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.202.209","url":null,"abstract":"To address the impact of low-temperature pH on the microbial community structure of river sediment in urban rivers during winter, the sediment of the Pi River was sampled to investigate. Four experimental samples were designed by varying the pH to 5.0, 7.0, and 8.5 based on the original sample (pH = 5.5) and the characteristics of the microbial community were analyzed using the high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the samples contained 23 phyla, 68 classes, and 100 genera of bacteria, of which Sphingomonales and Burkholderiales were the dominant genera. The highest abundance of Sphingomonales was 20%, whereas the highest abundance of Burkholderiales was up to 15% in the acid samples. The abundance of Proteobacteria was the highest in the original and alkaline samples, followed by Bacteroides and the number of other genera in alkaline and neutral samples is more than that in acidic samples. In addition, the abundance of Nitrosomonadales was more than 5% in the original, alkaline, and neutral samples and less than 1% in acidic conditions. The microbial community of the acid sample was quite different from the other three samples, with less richness and uniformity, which indicated that the acid pH had a great impact on the microbial community and the denitrifying bacteria were less active at the low-temperature condition in winter. This study provides a reference for the microbial community structure of the Pi River and a scientific basis for effectively addressing urban pollution in river management.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"281 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.210.216
Xinyi Song, Ga Yeon Kim, Young Ki Lee, Jae Kyung Kim
Studies have demonstrated the favorable beneficial impact of probiotic metabolites on the skin. However, the use of postbiotics for skincare is a relatively new field despite their high safety and stability, which guarantee a longer shelf life. The postbiotic ProbioMETA G55(G55) is a skincare raw material, but none of the studies have evaluated the antioxidant capacity of G55 in skin care products so far. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity and cytoprotective effect of G55 using B16-F10 melanoma cells. The antioxidant activity of G55 was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical method. Additionally, the effects of G55 on B16-F10 cytoprotection and cell viability were evaluated using the lactate dehydrogenase and WST-8 assays, respectively. Moreover, cell suspension pH, among other parameters, was analyzed using the i-Smart 300 analyzer. The results showed that G55 exhibited promising antioxidant activity and preserved B16-F10 cell viability. G55 also decreased melanin levels in B16-F10 cells. These findings imply that G55 is a skin-safe substance and antioxidant postbiotic that can be used in anti-aging, whitening, and other cosmetic formulations.
{"title":"In vitro Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Potentials of Postbiotic ProbioMETA G55","authors":"Xinyi Song, Ga Yeon Kim, Young Ki Lee, Jae Kyung Kim","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.210.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.210.216","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have demonstrated the favorable beneficial impact of probiotic metabolites on the skin. However, the use of postbiotics for skincare is a relatively new field despite their high safety and stability, which guarantee a longer shelf life. The postbiotic ProbioMETA G55(G55) is a skincare raw material, but none of the studies have evaluated the antioxidant capacity of G55 in skin care products so far. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity and cytoprotective effect of G55 using B16-F10 melanoma cells. The antioxidant activity of G55 was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical method. Additionally, the effects of G55 on B16-F10 cytoprotection and cell viability were evaluated using the lactate dehydrogenase and WST-8 assays, respectively. Moreover, cell suspension pH, among other parameters, was analyzed using the i-Smart 300 analyzer. The results showed that G55 exhibited promising antioxidant activity and preserved B16-F10 cell viability. G55 also decreased melanin levels in B16-F10 cells. These findings imply that G55 is a skin-safe substance and antioxidant postbiotic that can be used in anti-aging, whitening, and other cosmetic formulations.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.194.201
Yao Zhang, Yao Zhang, Qing Liu, Zhuo Liu, Chao Zhang, Yuanda Song
Despite the rapid development of various types of fruit vinegar or nutrient-fortified vinegar, the weakened functions or high cost is still the main limiting factor for healthy vinegar. In the present study, a new type of rose vinegar was obtained from raw grain supplemented with natural extract of roses through the cooperative fermentation of multiple microorganisms by adding Mucor circinelloides and lactic acid bacteria. The chemical composition analysis showed that this rose vinegar was rich in various organic acids and amino acids, which endowed the rose vinegar with a special taste and nutritional value. In particular, fatty acid content results revealed that the rose vinegar contained several long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, especially the valuable Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA), which was mainly due to the addition of M. circinelloides that could synthesize GLA during the fermentation of vinegar. The antioxidant activity of the rose vinegar indicated that the contents of gallic acid and vanillic acid were relatively high and thus it had a certain scavenging ability on DPPH free radicals, superoxide anion free radicals, and hydroxyl free radicals. This is the first study to develop a healthy vinegar containing GLA with antioxidant activity by combining the rose extract with a variety of beneficial microbial fermentation.
{"title":"Preparation of Rose Vinegar Rich in Gamma-Linolenic Acid and Analysis of its Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Activity","authors":"Yao Zhang, Yao Zhang, Qing Liu, Zhuo Liu, Chao Zhang, Yuanda Song","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.194.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.194.201","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the rapid development of various types of fruit vinegar or nutrient-fortified vinegar, the weakened functions or high cost is still the main limiting factor for healthy vinegar. In the present study, a new type of rose vinegar was obtained from raw grain supplemented with natural extract of roses through the cooperative fermentation of multiple microorganisms by adding Mucor circinelloides and lactic acid bacteria. The chemical composition analysis showed that this rose vinegar was rich in various organic acids and amino acids, which endowed the rose vinegar with a special taste and nutritional value. In particular, fatty acid content results revealed that the rose vinegar contained several long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, especially the valuable Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA), which was mainly due to the addition of M. circinelloides that could synthesize GLA during the fermentation of vinegar. The antioxidant activity of the rose vinegar indicated that the contents of gallic acid and vanillic acid were relatively high and thus it had a certain scavenging ability on DPPH free radicals, superoxide anion free radicals, and hydroxyl free radicals. This is the first study to develop a healthy vinegar containing GLA with antioxidant activity by combining the rose extract with a variety of beneficial microbial fermentation.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.275.281
Yao Zhang, Yao Zhang, Yanxia Wang, Qing Liu, Yuanda Song
Despite microbial production of multifunctional gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) being an important and promising way, the high cost is still a major factor limiting industrial applications. Previously, we proposed a novel approach to promote the production of GLA from cellulose, a widely available and cheapest resource, by overexpression of the cellobiohydrolase (CBH2) and delta-6 desaturase (D6) in Mucor circinelloides. In the present study, an in-depth analysis of growth and lipid accumulation in engineered M. circinelloides strains using cellulosic substrate was to be explored. When cultivated in modified Kendrick and Ratledge (K and R) medium supplemented with the ratio of 1: 1 for glucose and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), the cellobiohydrolase and delta-6 desaturase overexpressing strains led to increases in the biomass (up to 10.4 g/L) and lipid yield (up to 2.6 g/L) of 68% and 2.2-fold, respectively, compared with that of the control strain. The yield of GLA in the cellobiohydrolase and delta-6 desaturase co-expression strains reached 415 mg/L, which was a remarkable increase of 3.1-fold compared to that of the control strain. These results proved that the introduction of CBH2 and D6 two key enzymes could significantly enhance the utilization of CMC and effectively convert cellulose into GLA by engineered M. circinelloides. This study provided a reference for the further potential application of the engineered M. circinelloides strains in the conversion of functional GLA from cellulose.
{"title":"Effect of Adding Cellulose on Lipid Accumulation in Cellobiohydrolase and Delta-6 Desaturase Engineered Mucor circinelloides Strains","authors":"Yao Zhang, Yao Zhang, Yanxia Wang, Qing Liu, Yuanda Song","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.275.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.275.281","url":null,"abstract":"Despite microbial production of multifunctional gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) being an important and promising way, the high cost is still a major factor limiting industrial applications. Previously, we proposed a novel approach to promote the production of GLA from cellulose, a widely available and cheapest resource, by overexpression of the cellobiohydrolase (CBH2) and delta-6 desaturase (D6) in Mucor circinelloides. In the present study, an in-depth analysis of growth and lipid accumulation in engineered M. circinelloides strains using cellulosic substrate was to be explored. When cultivated in modified Kendrick and Ratledge (K and R) medium supplemented with the ratio of 1: 1 for glucose and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), the cellobiohydrolase and delta-6 desaturase overexpressing strains led to increases in the biomass (up to 10.4 g/L) and lipid yield (up to 2.6 g/L) of 68% and 2.2-fold, respectively, compared with that of the control strain. The yield of GLA in the cellobiohydrolase and delta-6 desaturase co-expression strains reached 415 mg/L, which was a remarkable increase of 3.1-fold compared to that of the control strain. These results proved that the introduction of CBH2 and D6 two key enzymes could significantly enhance the utilization of CMC and effectively convert cellulose into GLA by engineered M. circinelloides. This study provided a reference for the further potential application of the engineered M. circinelloides strains in the conversion of functional GLA from cellulose.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.217.226
Hyeokjun Yun, Bo Kyeung Jung, In Soo Rheem, Kap No Lee, Jae Kyung Kim
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic biomarker potential of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Procalcitonin (PCT) levels in the serum of individuals infected with the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). The patients were divided into two age groups: Younger (<60 years) and older (≥60 years). An Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) platform was employed for the serological analysis to quantify the biomarker levels. A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of HBV-infected patients and serum samples were collected from 200 individuals infected with HBV as well as from healthy controls. ECLIA revealed significantly increased levels of the pro-inflammatory markers CRP and PCT in both younger and older HBV-infected patients compared with those for participants in the healthy controls (p<0.0001). Importantly, the serum CRP and PCT levels were independent of age and sex. These findings provide evidence for increased serum CRP and PCT levels following HBV infection, indicating a potential correlation between these biomarkers and HBV infection. Thus, this study demonstrates the promising clinical diagnostic significance of CRP and PCT in HBV infections when assessed using ECLIA.
{"title":"Diagnostic Potential of Inflammatory Biomarker Levels in the Serum of Patients with Hepatitis B Infection: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Hyeokjun Yun, Bo Kyeung Jung, In Soo Rheem, Kap No Lee, Jae Kyung Kim","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.217.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.217.226","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic biomarker potential of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Procalcitonin (PCT) levels in the serum of individuals infected with the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). The patients were divided into two age groups: Younger (<60 years) and older (≥60 years). An Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) platform was employed for the serological analysis to quantify the biomarker levels. A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of HBV-infected patients and serum samples were collected from 200 individuals infected with HBV as well as from healthy controls. ECLIA revealed significantly increased levels of the pro-inflammatory markers CRP and PCT in both younger and older HBV-infected patients compared with those for participants in the healthy controls (p<0.0001). Importantly, the serum CRP and PCT levels were independent of age and sex. These findings provide evidence for increased serum CRP and PCT levels following HBV infection, indicating a potential correlation between these biomarkers and HBV infection. Thus, this study demonstrates the promising clinical diagnostic significance of CRP and PCT in HBV infections when assessed using ECLIA.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blending wines is a useful practice in red wine production, however, it is rarely used in Vitis amurensis wine. In recent years there has been a tendency to seek new products from the blending of wines to achieve greater complexity. The purpose of this study was to improve the aroma composition and complexity of Shuanghong V. amurensis wine, enhance its taste and quality, and attempt to use a new brewing technology. Different brewing methods were used in this study to carry out the fermentation test of 'Shuanghong Vitis amurensis wine. Two different kinds of Saccharomyces cerevisiae EZ2 and SN3 were selected for the mixed brewing of Shuanghong and Gongniang No. 1 grape juice and separate brewing of Shuanghong grape juice. During the brewing process, total sugar and total acid, reducing sugar, soluble solids, and aroma components of the wine were analyzed, and the sensory evaluation was carried out. It showed that total sugar, reducing sugar, and soluble solids in the fermentation broth decreased during the mixed and separate brewing of different S. cerevisiae, whereas total acid content increased initially and then decreased. When Shuanghong grape juice was mixed with Gongniang No. 1 grape juice at a 2:1 ratio and fermented with the EZ2 strain, the acidity of the wine produced was the lowest, at 8.6 g/L, among the four methods. The analysis of aroma components of wine obtained by different brewing methods showed that there were significant differences in aroma components between strains EZ2 and SN3. The mixed brewing made by strain EZ2 contained more ester aroma components and the total content was 19053.76 μg/L. This might indicate that the EZ2 strain is highly capable of synthesizing ester components and it also indicates that the mixed method, combining two different raw materials, can result in wine with richer ester aroma components. According to the comprehensive sensory evaluation results, the wine produced by the mixed fermentation of strain EZ2 had a good taste, rich aroma components, and good acid-reducing effects, which can be further optimized and applied as a new type of Vitis amurensis wine fermentation process. The results of this study show that the application of a mixed brewing method comprising Shuanghong and Gongniang No.1 V. amurensis at a 2:1 ratio, inoculated with the local S. cerevisiae EZ2 strain, can effectively improve the aroma and taste of Shuanghong V. amurensis wine, reduce acidity and result in the production of high-quality wine. In this study, a new mixed brewing method suitable for V. amurensis wine was developed. The results contribute to improvements in V. amurensis wine brewing technology and the quality of wine products, in addition to providing a theoretical basis for the utilization and development of characteristic V. amurensis resources in northern China.
{"title":"Influence of Brewing Methods and Saccharomyces Cerevisiae on the Aroma And Quality of Shuanghong Vitis Amurensis Wine","authors":"Xiaochun Yu, Jing Xu, Zixuan Wang, Ming Li, Xue Chen, Shuying Li, Yongping Xu","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.255.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.255.265","url":null,"abstract":"Blending wines is a useful practice in red wine production, however, it is rarely used in Vitis amurensis wine. In recent years there has been a tendency to seek new products from the blending of wines to achieve greater complexity. The purpose of this study was to improve the aroma composition and complexity of Shuanghong V. amurensis wine, enhance its taste and quality, and attempt to use a new brewing technology. Different brewing methods were used in this study to carry out the fermentation test of 'Shuanghong Vitis amurensis wine. Two different kinds of Saccharomyces cerevisiae EZ2 and SN3 were selected for the mixed brewing of Shuanghong and Gongniang No. 1 grape juice and separate brewing of Shuanghong grape juice. During the brewing process, total sugar and total acid, reducing sugar, soluble solids, and aroma components of the wine were analyzed, and the sensory evaluation was carried out. It showed that total sugar, reducing sugar, and soluble solids in the fermentation broth decreased during the mixed and separate brewing of different S. cerevisiae, whereas total acid content increased initially and then decreased. When Shuanghong grape juice was mixed with Gongniang No. 1 grape juice at a 2:1 ratio and fermented with the EZ2 strain, the acidity of the wine produced was the lowest, at 8.6 g/L, among the four methods. The analysis of aroma components of wine obtained by different brewing methods showed that there were significant differences in aroma components between strains EZ2 and SN3. The mixed brewing made by strain EZ2 contained more ester aroma components and the total content was 19053.76 μg/L. This might indicate that the EZ2 strain is highly capable of synthesizing ester components and it also indicates that the mixed method, combining two different raw materials, can result in wine with richer ester aroma components. According to the comprehensive sensory evaluation results, the wine produced by the mixed fermentation of strain EZ2 had a good taste, rich aroma components, and good acid-reducing effects, which can be further optimized and applied as a new type of Vitis amurensis wine fermentation process. The results of this study show that the application of a mixed brewing method comprising Shuanghong and Gongniang No.1 V. amurensis at a 2:1 ratio, inoculated with the local S. cerevisiae EZ2 strain, can effectively improve the aroma and taste of Shuanghong V. amurensis wine, reduce acidity and result in the production of high-quality wine. In this study, a new mixed brewing method suitable for V. amurensis wine was developed. The results contribute to improvements in V. amurensis wine brewing technology and the quality of wine products, in addition to providing a theoretical basis for the utilization and development of characteristic V. amurensis resources in northern China.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.248.254
Kyung Bae Lee, Jae Kyung Kim
In this study, we investigated the usefulness of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) testing in assessing cancer susceptibility in women by evaluating correlations between SNP testing results and cancer incidence rates. SNP testing was conducted on blood samples of women who underwent health examinations commissioned by medical institutions in the Republic of Korea in 2017 using real-time polymerase chain reaction with OpenArray testing. The SNP panel included susceptibility testing for lung, stomach, colorectal, breast, and thyroid cancers. By comparing the proportions of the normal, cautionary, and warning ranges for these five types of cancer obtained from OpenArray testing with the cancer incidence rates for women in 2017, as reported by the national cancer information center, the practical preventive potential of SNP-based testing was evaluated. Cancer susceptibility in women was the highest for breast cancer, followed by thyroid, colorectal, gastric, and lung cancers. These five types of cancer showed the same trend for cancer incidence in 2017. Based on cumulative percentages of the 5-year cancer prevalence (2013-2017) in Korean women, thyroid cancer ranked first, followed by breast, colon, gastric, and lung cancers. Although the breast and thyroid cancer ordinals differed, their proportion was 49.4% higher than that of the other three cancer types for both the 2017 and 5-year incidence. The high rate of 95.3% in the caution and warning intervals for breast and thyroid cancers in the OpenArray test results suggests a correlation with the reported cancer incidence in 2017. These results indicate that SNP testing, although not aimed directly at diagnosing specific diseases in direct-to-consumer tests or health check-ups, can help individuals identify their genetic susceptibility to cancer, thus allowing them to implement preventive measures.
{"title":"Association Between Cancer Screening Results Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Cancer Incidence Rate in Korean Women","authors":"Kyung Bae Lee, Jae Kyung Kim","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.248.254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.248.254","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigated the usefulness of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) testing in assessing cancer susceptibility in women by evaluating correlations between SNP testing results and cancer incidence rates. SNP testing was conducted on blood samples of women who underwent health examinations commissioned by medical institutions in the Republic of Korea in 2017 using real-time polymerase chain reaction with OpenArray testing. The SNP panel included susceptibility testing for lung, stomach, colorectal, breast, and thyroid cancers. By comparing the proportions of the normal, cautionary, and warning ranges for these five types of cancer obtained from OpenArray testing with the cancer incidence rates for women in 2017, as reported by the national cancer information center, the practical preventive potential of SNP-based testing was evaluated. Cancer susceptibility in women was the highest for breast cancer, followed by thyroid, colorectal, gastric, and lung cancers. These five types of cancer showed the same trend for cancer incidence in 2017. Based on cumulative percentages of the 5-year cancer prevalence (2013-2017) in Korean women, thyroid cancer ranked first, followed by breast, colon, gastric, and lung cancers. Although the breast and thyroid cancer ordinals differed, their proportion was 49.4% higher than that of the other three cancer types for both the 2017 and 5-year incidence. The high rate of 95.3% in the caution and warning intervals for breast and thyroid cancers in the OpenArray test results suggests a correlation with the reported cancer incidence in 2017. These results indicate that SNP testing, although not aimed directly at diagnosing specific diseases in direct-to-consumer tests or health check-ups, can help individuals identify their genetic susceptibility to cancer, thus allowing them to implement preventive measures.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"479 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.237.247
Jiaqi Jian, Keying Han, Qiwei Guo, Xiyue Yu, Yang Liu
This article reviewed the relevant literature on the main active substances and functions of jasmine (Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton). The results showed that: 1. The main active substances in jasmine are volatile oil, polysaccharides, and flavonoids. Volatile oil is a mixture of large molecules; Polysaccharide is a type of heteropolysaccharide or sugar complex; Flavonoids mostly exist in the form of glycosides and have multiple monomers. 2. Jasmine flower has various functional activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, etc., which are related to active substances such as flavonoids, polysaccharides, and volatile oil. 3. The active function of jasmine is closely related to the advanced structure and certain chemical components of the active substances. The article aims to provide the theoretical and necessary basis for further exploration of active substances in jasmine flowers and the development of jasmine new products.
{"title":"Review on Main Active Substances and Functions in Jasminum Sambac (L.) Aiton","authors":"Jiaqi Jian, Keying Han, Qiwei Guo, Xiyue Yu, Yang Liu","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.237.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2023.237.247","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviewed the relevant literature on the main active substances and functions of jasmine (Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton). The results showed that: 1. The main active substances in jasmine are volatile oil, polysaccharides, and flavonoids. Volatile oil is a mixture of large molecules; Polysaccharide is a type of heteropolysaccharide or sugar complex; Flavonoids mostly exist in the form of glycosides and have multiple monomers. 2. Jasmine flower has various functional activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, etc., which are related to active substances such as flavonoids, polysaccharides, and volatile oil. 3. The active function of jasmine is closely related to the advanced structure and certain chemical components of the active substances. The article aims to provide the theoretical and necessary basis for further exploration of active substances in jasmine flowers and the development of jasmine new products.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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