Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.484.494
Megan McKergow, K. Nkongolo
: The alterations to the expressions of metal transporter genes can induce metal ion uptake to maintain cell homeostasis when metal concentrations are low. Metallothioneins (MTs) are a class of low molecular mass (4-8 kDa), cysteine (Cys)-rich proteins that can bind metals via the thiol groups of their Cys residues. Studies on MT gene expressions in higher plants, such as conifers, are limited. White spruce ( Picea glauca ) is a North American native conifer species that are ecologically and economically important. The objective of the study is to determine the effects of different concentrations of copper on MT2b expression in white spruce ( P. glauca ). Seedlings were treated with three concentrations of copper sulfate including 1,312, 656, and 130 mg/kg. Potassium sulfate and water were used as controls. Total RNA was extracted from roots and needles. The levels of MT2b gene expression were measured using RT-qPCR. The present study reports for the first time, novel information on the effect of copper ions on the expression of MT2b in P. glauca . The MT2b gene was upregulated in roots when seedlings were exposed to 1,312 mg/kg of copper sulfate but were downregulated in genotypes treated with 656 mg/kg of copper sulfate in both tissues when compared to the water control. The expression of the MT2b gene was significantly downregulated in needles of genotypes treated with 656 mg/kg of copper sulfate when compared to the 1,312 mg/kg concentration. The expression of MT2b was higher in roots compared to needles regardless of the concentrations of copper sulfate or potassium sulfate used. MT2b was highly expressed in the roots of copper-resistant genotypes but was inhibited in the roots of susceptible seedlings when compared to the water control.
{"title":"Expression of Metallothionein-Like Protein 2B Gene Induced by Different Concentrations of Copper in White Spruce (Picea glauca)","authors":"Megan McKergow, K. Nkongolo","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.484.494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.484.494","url":null,"abstract":": The alterations to the expressions of metal transporter genes can induce metal ion uptake to maintain cell homeostasis when metal concentrations are low. Metallothioneins (MTs) are a class of low molecular mass (4-8 kDa), cysteine (Cys)-rich proteins that can bind metals via the thiol groups of their Cys residues. Studies on MT gene expressions in higher plants, such as conifers, are limited. White spruce ( Picea glauca ) is a North American native conifer species that are ecologically and economically important. The objective of the study is to determine the effects of different concentrations of copper on MT2b expression in white spruce ( P. glauca ). Seedlings were treated with three concentrations of copper sulfate including 1,312, 656, and 130 mg/kg. Potassium sulfate and water were used as controls. Total RNA was extracted from roots and needles. The levels of MT2b gene expression were measured using RT-qPCR. The present study reports for the first time, novel information on the effect of copper ions on the expression of MT2b in P. glauca . The MT2b gene was upregulated in roots when seedlings were exposed to 1,312 mg/kg of copper sulfate but were downregulated in genotypes treated with 656 mg/kg of copper sulfate in both tissues when compared to the water control. The expression of the MT2b gene was significantly downregulated in needles of genotypes treated with 656 mg/kg of copper sulfate when compared to the 1,312 mg/kg concentration. The expression of MT2b was higher in roots compared to needles regardless of the concentrations of copper sulfate or potassium sulfate used. MT2b was highly expressed in the roots of copper-resistant genotypes but was inhibited in the roots of susceptible seedlings when compared to the water control.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74290861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.476.483
Juan Yang, Weifeng Lin, Xiaoquan Yang, Zhining Bao
: The soy protein aggregate particles-isoflavones complexes (SPIGs) were prepared by thermally induced protein-polyphenol co-assembly and the in vitro bioavailability of isoflavones with different soy protein matrices was evaluated. The SPIG formed by heating SPI-isoflavone dispersion at 120°C in a narrow pH range, which was defined as spherical particles with uniform size, exhibited better colloidal stability and high isoflavone binding capacity, which was higher than that of native SPI and unheated mixture. The results also showed that different pH had no significant effect on fluorescence quenching by protein-isoflavone interaction. The bioavailability of isoflavones was significantly elevated when it was encapsulated in the particles. The overall bioavailability of isoflavones maybe depends on the biotransformation of isoflavones and the production of bioactive metabolites.
{"title":"Complexation of Soy Protein Microgels and Isoflavones: Implication in Modulating Bioavailability","authors":"Juan Yang, Weifeng Lin, Xiaoquan Yang, Zhining Bao","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.476.483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.476.483","url":null,"abstract":": The soy protein aggregate particles-isoflavones complexes (SPIGs) were prepared by thermally induced protein-polyphenol co-assembly and the in vitro bioavailability of isoflavones with different soy protein matrices was evaluated. The SPIG formed by heating SPI-isoflavone dispersion at 120°C in a narrow pH range, which was defined as spherical particles with uniform size, exhibited better colloidal stability and high isoflavone binding capacity, which was higher than that of native SPI and unheated mixture. The results also showed that different pH had no significant effect on fluorescence quenching by protein-isoflavone interaction. The bioavailability of isoflavones was significantly elevated when it was encapsulated in the particles. The overall bioavailability of isoflavones maybe depends on the biotransformation of isoflavones and the production of bioactive metabolites.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75165109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.465.475
Huixia Zhang, Yujie Li, Yongmei Li, Na Zhang
{"title":"Spatial-Temporal Variation and Topographic Effect of Vegetation Cover in Lvliang Mountains Area","authors":"Huixia Zhang, Yujie Li, Yongmei Li, Na Zhang","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.465.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.465.475","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73942671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.300.307
Pooja Shivappa, G. Bernhardt, Sheela Haridas, Michael Magaogao
: Silver is observed to be comprised of a huge percentage of silver oxide and the utilization of silver and silver salts is in practice since ancient human civilization. Silver nanoparticles remain to be potential antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral agents. Further, it is demonstrated that silver nanoparticles have been involved in arresting the growth of several bacterial species thereby reducing their harmful effects. Micro-organisms are being utilized as eco-friendly nano-factories for the synthesis and bio-production of various nano-meter-sized compounds. Metals and micro-organisms are collaborative. Concurrently, micro-organisms are also capable of extracting or accumulating metals. The study suggested an eco-friendly approach for the extracellular synthesis of AgNP using soil-derived actinomyces followed by tracing its efficacy against bacteria. The characteristic of AgNP is the UV-Visible with also the FTIR method. Synthesized nanoparticles are screened for Streptomyces antibacterial activity by cross streak method followed by PCR analysis. The particle size distribution per intensity is estimated by the Dynamic Light scattering method. The study also predicted that the hydrodynamic diameter of the particles increases with the increase in the repetition rate. The microbial synthesized AgNP has been observed to possess high toxicity to bacteria with a greater antimicrobial property.
{"title":"Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Produced by Bacteria Isolated from University Campus Environment Soil Samples in Ras Al Khaimah","authors":"Pooja Shivappa, G. Bernhardt, Sheela Haridas, Michael Magaogao","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.300.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.300.307","url":null,"abstract":": Silver is observed to be comprised of a huge percentage of silver oxide and the utilization of silver and silver salts is in practice since ancient human civilization. Silver nanoparticles remain to be potential antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral agents. Further, it is demonstrated that silver nanoparticles have been involved in arresting the growth of several bacterial species thereby reducing their harmful effects. Micro-organisms are being utilized as eco-friendly nano-factories for the synthesis and bio-production of various nano-meter-sized compounds. Metals and micro-organisms are collaborative. Concurrently, micro-organisms are also capable of extracting or accumulating metals. The study suggested an eco-friendly approach for the extracellular synthesis of AgNP using soil-derived actinomyces followed by tracing its efficacy against bacteria. The characteristic of AgNP is the UV-Visible with also the FTIR method. Synthesized nanoparticles are screened for Streptomyces antibacterial activity by cross streak method followed by PCR analysis. The particle size distribution per intensity is estimated by the Dynamic Light scattering method. The study also predicted that the hydrodynamic diameter of the particles increases with the increase in the repetition rate. The microbial synthesized AgNP has been observed to possess high toxicity to bacteria with a greater antimicrobial property.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73000447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.271.278
H. Su, Dongsheng Xu, Gao Yang, P. Sun
: To investigate soil heavy metal pollution in different functional areas of Sixian City, 48 soil samples were collected in residential, industrial, green, and commercial areas. The concentrations of V, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, and as were determined by the geoaccumulation index method and the enrichment factor method, and their pollution levels were evaluated. At the same time, the possible sources of heavy metals were identified by the factor analysis method. The results showed that except for V, the concentrations of the other five heavy metals were higher than the soil background values of Anhui Province. The geoaccumulation indexes revealed that V, Cr, and as were free of pollution, while some sampling sites of Zn, Pb, and Cu were slightly polluted in different functional areas. Heavy metal pollution in different functional areas ranked as commercial area>industrial area>residential area>green area. Given the enrichment factor, V was pollution-free, and as was mildly enriched in all functional areas. Cr was slightly enriched except for the green areas; Zn and Cu were mild to moderately enrichment; Pb was mild to moderately enriched except for the green areas and the pollution in commercial areas was serious. The factor analysis showed that the large contribution rate of Pb and Zn in the first factor may be related to traffic; the second factor (Cr, Cu, and as) possibly come from electronics, metallurgy burning, and machinery manufacturing, and the third factor was a natural process. It can be seen that Zn, Cu, and Pb are the main soil pollution elements in the functional areas of Sixian City.
{"title":"Assessment of Heavy Metals Enrichment and Sources in Different Functional Areas of Sixian City","authors":"H. Su, Dongsheng Xu, Gao Yang, P. Sun","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.271.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.271.278","url":null,"abstract":": To investigate soil heavy metal pollution in different functional areas of Sixian City, 48 soil samples were collected in residential, industrial, green, and commercial areas. The concentrations of V, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, and as were determined by the geoaccumulation index method and the enrichment factor method, and their pollution levels were evaluated. At the same time, the possible sources of heavy metals were identified by the factor analysis method. The results showed that except for V, the concentrations of the other five heavy metals were higher than the soil background values of Anhui Province. The geoaccumulation indexes revealed that V, Cr, and as were free of pollution, while some sampling sites of Zn, Pb, and Cu were slightly polluted in different functional areas. Heavy metal pollution in different functional areas ranked as commercial area>industrial area>residential area>green area. Given the enrichment factor, V was pollution-free, and as was mildly enriched in all functional areas. Cr was slightly enriched except for the green areas; Zn and Cu were mild to moderately enrichment; Pb was mild to moderately enriched except for the green areas and the pollution in commercial areas was serious. The factor analysis showed that the large contribution rate of Pb and Zn in the first factor may be related to traffic; the second factor (Cr, Cu, and as) possibly come from electronics, metallurgy burning, and machinery manufacturing, and the third factor was a natural process. It can be seen that Zn, Cu, and Pb are the main soil pollution elements in the functional areas of Sixian City.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90664457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.349.357
Jin Li, Chao Zheng, Xianmin Wang, Ying-bin Xue, Tingting Duan
: To optimize Phosphorus (P) fertilization, three sugarcane genotypes (ROC22, LC5135, and YT236) widely cultivated in western Guangdong, China were used for the experiment in which 5 levels of P fertilizer were set up to study the effects of their application. The results showed that: (1) P fertilization amount within 288 kg/hm 2 P 2 O 5 could increase the plant height, stem diameter, and weight and yield of sugarcanes. The yield of ROC22 was 14% more than LC5136 and 33% more than YT236. (2) The sucrose yield of ROC22, YT236, and LC5136 increased firstly, followed by leveling off or no significant change with the increase of P fertilizer. The sucrose yield of ROC22 with 288 kg/hm 2 P 2 O 5 was significantly higher than other treatments. The average yield of ROC22 was 15% higher than that of LC5136 and 35% higher than that of YT236. (3) The P fertilizer use efficiency of ROC22 and LC5136 increased firstly and then decreased and that of YT236 always decreased with increasing levels of P fertilizer application. Considering the yields of sugarcane and sucrose and the use efficiency of P fertilizer, the optimum P fertilizer amounts of ROC22 and LC5136 were 288 kg/hm 2 and that of YT236 was 192 kg/hm 2 . The growth of ROC22 was better than that of LC5136 and YT236.
{"title":"A Study on Response of Sugarcane Genotypes to Phosphorus Fertilizer in Western Guangdong, China","authors":"Jin Li, Chao Zheng, Xianmin Wang, Ying-bin Xue, Tingting Duan","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.349.357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.349.357","url":null,"abstract":": To optimize Phosphorus (P) fertilization, three sugarcane genotypes (ROC22, LC5135, and YT236) widely cultivated in western Guangdong, China were used for the experiment in which 5 levels of P fertilizer were set up to study the effects of their application. The results showed that: (1) P fertilization amount within 288 kg/hm 2 P 2 O 5 could increase the plant height, stem diameter, and weight and yield of sugarcanes. The yield of ROC22 was 14% more than LC5136 and 33% more than YT236. (2) The sucrose yield of ROC22, YT236, and LC5136 increased firstly, followed by leveling off or no significant change with the increase of P fertilizer. The sucrose yield of ROC22 with 288 kg/hm 2 P 2 O 5 was significantly higher than other treatments. The average yield of ROC22 was 15% higher than that of LC5136 and 35% higher than that of YT236. (3) The P fertilizer use efficiency of ROC22 and LC5136 increased firstly and then decreased and that of YT236 always decreased with increasing levels of P fertilizer application. Considering the yields of sugarcane and sucrose and the use efficiency of P fertilizer, the optimum P fertilizer amounts of ROC22 and LC5136 were 288 kg/hm 2 and that of YT236 was 192 kg/hm 2 . The growth of ROC22 was better than that of LC5136 and YT236.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"9 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89809366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.333.338
Yongchang Yu, Chen Lv, Min Liu, Tiantian Chen
: The relationship between leaf variation characteristics and leaf structure characteristics of Pteroceltis tatarinowii with yellow leaf was explored to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of other ornamental plants. In this study, the differences in pigment content, leaf structure, and chloroplast ultrastructure in leaves of Pteroceltis tatarinowii mutant with yellow leaf 'Huiguang' and its original species 'Lingyansi No. 1’ were studied. The results showed that the chlorophyll in 'Huiguang' leaves decreased significantly, and the carotenoids-total chlorophyll ratio increased greatly. The palisade tissue cells in 'Huiguang' leaves are short, thick, and loosely structured, while the sponge tissue cells are irregular in shape and loosely arranged. In addition, the chloroplasts of 'Huiguang' leaves were irregular in shape and the grana lamellae were loosely arranged, broken, and missing, with more osmiophilic granules and fewer starch granules. These anomalies in leaf pigment content and chloroplast structure affect leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll accumulation, thereby affecting leaf color changes.
{"title":"Analysis of Photosynthetic Pigment Content and Leaf Structure of Pteroceltis Tatarinowii Mutant with Yellow Leaf","authors":"Yongchang Yu, Chen Lv, Min Liu, Tiantian Chen","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.333.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.333.338","url":null,"abstract":": The relationship between leaf variation characteristics and leaf structure characteristics of Pteroceltis tatarinowii with yellow leaf was explored to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of other ornamental plants. In this study, the differences in pigment content, leaf structure, and chloroplast ultrastructure in leaves of Pteroceltis tatarinowii mutant with yellow leaf 'Huiguang' and its original species 'Lingyansi No. 1’ were studied. The results showed that the chlorophyll in 'Huiguang' leaves decreased significantly, and the carotenoids-total chlorophyll ratio increased greatly. The palisade tissue cells in 'Huiguang' leaves are short, thick, and loosely structured, while the sponge tissue cells are irregular in shape and loosely arranged. In addition, the chloroplasts of 'Huiguang' leaves were irregular in shape and the grana lamellae were loosely arranged, broken, and missing, with more osmiophilic granules and fewer starch granules. These anomalies in leaf pigment content and chloroplast structure affect leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll accumulation, thereby affecting leaf color changes.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90412386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.289.299
Jia-chen Shan, Yang Liu, Puqing Zhao, Hongli Zhou, Peng Wan
: China is rich in sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L .) resources and a large amount of sea buckthorn fruit is used to extract oil and juice every year. However, Sea Buckthorn Leaves (SBL), which are full of flavonoids, are discarded as waste. To make full use of resources and turn waste into valuables, the optimal purification process of flavonoids from SBL was studied and the antioxidant activities of Crude SBL Flavonoids (CFSBL) and Purified Flavonoids (PFSBL) were compared. The macroporous resin which was most suitable for the purification of CFSBL was selected by comparing the flavonoid content, adsorption rate, desorption rate, and recovery rate in eluant. The purification process of CFSBL was optimized by a single factor, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical, and reducing power methods were used to determine the antioxidant activity of CFSBL and PFSBL, respectively. and the sample concentration and elution velocity were 0.09 and 1.71 mL/min, respectively. The purity of PFSBL was 84.2%, which was 6.53 times higher than that before purification and the recovery rate was 69.5%. The scavenging IC 50 of DPPH, hydroxyl radical, and reducing the power of CFSBL were 0.016, 1.501, and 0.146 mg/mL, respectively. PFSBL were 0.002, 1.131 and 0.051 mg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant activity of PFSBL was improved compared with that of CFSBL. SBL can be considered a potential source of antioxidants in food and industry. The purification process in this study can enhance the antioxidant activity of SBL.
中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L .)资源丰富，每年都有大量的沙棘果实被用来榨油和榨汁。然而，沙棘叶(SBL)富含黄酮类化合物，被作为废物丢弃。为了充分利用资源，变废为宝，研究了SBL黄酮的最佳纯化工艺，并比较了SBL粗黄酮(CFSBL)和纯化黄酮(PFSBL)的抗氧化活性。通过对黄酮类化合物含量、吸附率、解吸率和洗脱液回收率的比较，选择了最适合纯化CFSBL的大孔树脂。采用单因素法、层次分析法(AHP)和响应面法(RSM)对CFSBL的纯化工艺进行了优化。采用1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)法、羟基自由基法和还原力法分别测定CFSBL和PFSBL的抗氧化活性。样品浓度为0.09，洗脱速度为1.71 mL/min。PFSBL的纯度为84.2%，是纯化前的6.53倍，回收率为69.5%。对DPPH、羟基自由基的ic50清除率为0.016、1.501、0.146 mg/mL，对CFSBL的还原能力为0.146 mg/mL。PFSBL分别为0.002、1.131和0.051 mg/mL。与CFSBL相比，PFSBL的抗氧化活性有所提高。SBL可以被认为是食品和工业中抗氧化剂的潜在来源。本研究的纯化工艺可以提高SBL的抗氧化活性。
{"title":"Optimization of Purification Technology and Antioxidant Activity of Total Flavonoids from Sea Buckthorn Leaves","authors":"Jia-chen Shan, Yang Liu, Puqing Zhao, Hongli Zhou, Peng Wan","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.289.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.289.299","url":null,"abstract":": China is rich in sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L .) resources and a large amount of sea buckthorn fruit is used to extract oil and juice every year. However, Sea Buckthorn Leaves (SBL), which are full of flavonoids, are discarded as waste. To make full use of resources and turn waste into valuables, the optimal purification process of flavonoids from SBL was studied and the antioxidant activities of Crude SBL Flavonoids (CFSBL) and Purified Flavonoids (PFSBL) were compared. The macroporous resin which was most suitable for the purification of CFSBL was selected by comparing the flavonoid content, adsorption rate, desorption rate, and recovery rate in eluant. The purification process of CFSBL was optimized by a single factor, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical, and reducing power methods were used to determine the antioxidant activity of CFSBL and PFSBL, respectively. and the sample concentration and elution velocity were 0.09 and 1.71 mL/min, respectively. The purity of PFSBL was 84.2%, which was 6.53 times higher than that before purification and the recovery rate was 69.5%. The scavenging IC 50 of DPPH, hydroxyl radical, and reducing the power of CFSBL were 0.016, 1.501, and 0.146 mg/mL, respectively. PFSBL were 0.002, 1.131 and 0.051 mg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant activity of PFSBL was improved compared with that of CFSBL. SBL can be considered a potential source of antioxidants in food and industry. The purification process in this study can enhance the antioxidant activity of SBL.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88314437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.319.332
Chenghui Pan, Shuyi Zhu, Na Niu, Yuzhu Zhang, Kai Gao, Yang Zhang, Lixue Zheng
: Zizania latifolia is a widely distributed aquatic vegetable, and its bracts are an agricultural waste with a large proportion. In this study, Total Flavonoids of Z. latifolia Bracts (TFZB) were extracted with Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction (UAEE) for the first time, and the extraction process was optimized using Response Surface Method (RSM), and compared with other methods. Then, the antibacterial activity of TFZB extracted with optimized UAEE was assessed and the effects on chilled pork preservation were investigated. The optimal UAEE conditions for TFZB were: Cellulase dosage of 0.7%, enzymolysis time of 60 min, ultrasonic power of 704 W, and ultrasonic time of 47 min. Under these conditions, the TFZB extraction rate was up to 1.92%, which was significantly higher than those of other methods. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observation verified that the cytoskeletons of bracts had been severely damaged, resulting in a large release of TFZB. The infrared spectrum confirmed that TFZB has the typical characteristics that belong to natural flavonoids. Moreover, the TFZB extracted with optimized UAEE exerts significant antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of 2.5 and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. Finally, the TFZB solutions were sprayed onto the surface of fresh pork, and the indexes of the sensory score, pH, Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVB-N), Metmyoglobin (MetMb)%, and total count of bacterial colonies during the storage period of chilled pork were measured. The results indicated that TFZB at 1.0 mg/mL can significantly improve the sensory quality of chilled pork via inhibiting microbes, and better preserve the freshness of pork when compared with sodium benzoate at 5.0 mg/mL. The present investigation implied that the TFZB extracted with optimized UAEE can be used as a natural flavonoid alternative resource to produce environmental disinfection products and novel preserving agents for chilled pork preservation.
{"title":"Extraction Optimization and Antibacterial Property of Total Flavonoids from Zizania Latifolia Bracts and the Effect on Chilled Pork Preservation","authors":"Chenghui Pan, Shuyi Zhu, Na Niu, Yuzhu Zhang, Kai Gao, Yang Zhang, Lixue Zheng","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.319.332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.319.332","url":null,"abstract":": Zizania latifolia is a widely distributed aquatic vegetable, and its bracts are an agricultural waste with a large proportion. In this study, Total Flavonoids of Z. latifolia Bracts (TFZB) were extracted with Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction (UAEE) for the first time, and the extraction process was optimized using Response Surface Method (RSM), and compared with other methods. Then, the antibacterial activity of TFZB extracted with optimized UAEE was assessed and the effects on chilled pork preservation were investigated. The optimal UAEE conditions for TFZB were: Cellulase dosage of 0.7%, enzymolysis time of 60 min, ultrasonic power of 704 W, and ultrasonic time of 47 min. Under these conditions, the TFZB extraction rate was up to 1.92%, which was significantly higher than those of other methods. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observation verified that the cytoskeletons of bracts had been severely damaged, resulting in a large release of TFZB. The infrared spectrum confirmed that TFZB has the typical characteristics that belong to natural flavonoids. Moreover, the TFZB extracted with optimized UAEE exerts significant antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of 2.5 and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. Finally, the TFZB solutions were sprayed onto the surface of fresh pork, and the indexes of the sensory score, pH, Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVB-N), Metmyoglobin (MetMb)%, and total count of bacterial colonies during the storage period of chilled pork were measured. The results indicated that TFZB at 1.0 mg/mL can significantly improve the sensory quality of chilled pork via inhibiting microbes, and better preserve the freshness of pork when compared with sodium benzoate at 5.0 mg/mL. The present investigation implied that the TFZB extracted with optimized UAEE can be used as a natural flavonoid alternative resource to produce environmental disinfection products and novel preserving agents for chilled pork preservation.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73053701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.261.270
Qing Liu, Hao Wu, Ying Wu, Mengyu Liu, Yao Zhang, Yuanda Song
: Pleurotus eryngii was one of the most precious and ordinary edible mushrooms, and its polysaccharides were the major active substances. In this study, P. eryngii strain UN-1 was cultured in a liquid medium at 25℃ under a shaking of 80 rpm for 7 days. Two crude polysaccharides named CPN and CPNM were obtained from the mycelium of P. eryngii UN-1 and its broth culture medium, respectively. After partial purification by cellulose DEAE-52 column chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel-filtration, two fractions (PNP-1 and PNP-2) from CPN and one (PNMP-1) from CPNM were eluted and subjected to physicochemical properties, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities, in addition, the crude polysaccharides. The in vitro antioxidant assay revealed that all samples showed moderate scavenging capacities on DPPH radical (6.31-80.92%), ABTS radical (9.33-67.26%), and hydroxyl radical (11.21-79.53%) at different concentrations (0-2000 μg/mL), and PNP-2 exhibited the highest scavenging activity for all tested free radicals. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the most active fraction (PNP-2) showed a significant effect against Escherichia coli, Bacillus Subtillis, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus subsp. Aureus strains with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values (2.5, 5, 2.5 and 5 mg/mL, respectively). Notably, the UV-vis Spectrophotometer confirmed that multiple active known compounds such as uremic acid were detected in all tested fractions, which confirmed the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities obtained in this study. Conclusively, the polysaccharides obtained from P. eryngii UN-1 have the potential to act as a functional food ingredient or a preventive drug against human pathogenic bacteria.
{"title":"Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Polysaccharides from Mycelium and the Culture Medium of Pleurotus Eryngii Strain UN-1","authors":"Qing Liu, Hao Wu, Ying Wu, Mengyu Liu, Yao Zhang, Yuanda Song","doi":"10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.261.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2022.261.270","url":null,"abstract":": Pleurotus eryngii was one of the most precious and ordinary edible mushrooms, and its polysaccharides were the major active substances. In this study, P. eryngii strain UN-1 was cultured in a liquid medium at 25℃ under a shaking of 80 rpm for 7 days. Two crude polysaccharides named CPN and CPNM were obtained from the mycelium of P. eryngii UN-1 and its broth culture medium, respectively. After partial purification by cellulose DEAE-52 column chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel-filtration, two fractions (PNP-1 and PNP-2) from CPN and one (PNMP-1) from CPNM were eluted and subjected to physicochemical properties, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities, in addition, the crude polysaccharides. The in vitro antioxidant assay revealed that all samples showed moderate scavenging capacities on DPPH radical (6.31-80.92%), ABTS radical (9.33-67.26%), and hydroxyl radical (11.21-79.53%) at different concentrations (0-2000 μg/mL), and PNP-2 exhibited the highest scavenging activity for all tested free radicals. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the most active fraction (PNP-2) showed a significant effect against Escherichia coli, Bacillus Subtillis, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus subsp. Aureus strains with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values (2.5, 5, 2.5 and 5 mg/mL, respectively). Notably, the UV-vis Spectrophotometer confirmed that multiple active known compounds such as uremic acid were detected in all tested fractions, which confirmed the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities obtained in this study. Conclusively, the polysaccharides obtained from P. eryngii UN-1 have the potential to act as a functional food ingredient or a preventive drug against human pathogenic bacteria.","PeriodicalId":7412,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90407705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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