Jaouher Dhouibi, A. Kalai, A. Chaabeni, Ahlem Aissa, Z. Ben Salah Frih, A. Jellad
Spinal tuberculosis (ST) is a serious condition and a global health concern, accounting for a significant portion of musculoskeletal tuberculosis cases. It can lead to sever spinal and neurological complications. The management of ST involves a multidisciplinary approach, including medical treatment, surgery and rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is crucial through the course of the disease's and is tailored for each stage according to the patients' complaints, and clinical and functional complications. In the case of neurological issues due to spinal compression, rehabilitation aims at overcoming bed confinement complications, involving mobilization techniques, strengthening exercises and related vesico-sphincter disorders (urodynamics, catheterizing). The role of rehabilitation for the management of pain in patients with ST is based on bracing (restricting movements and relieving the pressure on harmed structures), and analgesic physical means (electrical stimulation and massage techniques). Several rehabilitation options may be used to address musculoskeletal complications. Range of motion exercises, muscle strengthening, and posture and balance correction using sensory perception and proprioception techniques, are commonly involved. Cardiorespiratory reconditioning is required to improve respiratory function, walking ability and cardiovascular endurance. Ultimately, rehabilitation allows for the minimization of disability and the prevention of the loss of autonomy, particularly in elderly patients. The advantage of the rehabilitation approach is its multi-optional characteristics including physical therapy, occupational therapy, ergonomic advices and assistive equipment. Despite its crucial role, rehabilitation remains understudied in the management of ST. Thus, the present mini-review aimed to address the rehabilitation options for the clinical features and complications of ST, according to the course of the disease.
脊柱结核（ST）是一种严重的疾病，也是全球关注的健康问题，在肌肉骨骼结核病例中占很大比例。它可导致严重的脊柱和神经系统并发症。ST 的治疗涉及多学科方法，包括内科治疗、外科手术和康复治疗。康复治疗在整个病程中至关重要，并根据患者的主诉、临床和功能并发症为每个阶段量身定制。在脊柱受压导致神经系统问题的情况下，康复治疗的目的是克服卧床并发症，包括活动技巧、加强锻炼和相关的膀胱括约肌疾病（尿动力学、导尿）。康复治疗在治疗 ST 患者疼痛方面的作用主要体现在支撑（限制活动并减轻对受损结构的压力）和物理镇痛手段（电刺激和按摩技术）上。针对肌肉骨骼并发症，可采用多种康复方案。通常包括运动范围练习、肌肉强化、使用感知和本体感觉技术纠正姿势和平衡。还需要进行心肺功能调节，以改善呼吸功能、行走能力和心血管耐力。最终，康复治疗可以最大限度地减少残疾和防止丧失自理能力，尤其是对老年患者而言。康复方法的优势在于其多选择性，包括物理治疗、职业治疗、人体工程学建议和辅助设备。尽管康复治疗起着至关重要的作用，但在 ST 的治疗中仍未得到充分研究。因此，本微型综述旨在根据 ST 的临床特征和并发症，按照疾病的发展过程探讨康复治疗方案。
{"title":"Rehabilitation management of patients with spinal tuberculosis (Review)","authors":"Jaouher Dhouibi, A. Kalai, A. Chaabeni, Ahlem Aissa, Z. Ben Salah Frih, A. Jellad","doi":"10.3892/mi.2024.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2024.152","url":null,"abstract":"Spinal tuberculosis (ST) is a serious condition and a global health concern, accounting for a significant portion of musculoskeletal tuberculosis cases. It can lead to sever spinal and neurological complications. The management of ST involves a multidisciplinary approach, including medical treatment, surgery and rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is crucial through the course of the disease's and is tailored for each stage according to the patients' complaints, and clinical and functional complications. In the case of neurological issues due to spinal compression, rehabilitation aims at overcoming bed confinement complications, involving mobilization techniques, strengthening exercises and related vesico-sphincter disorders (urodynamics, catheterizing). The role of rehabilitation for the management of pain in patients with ST is based on bracing (restricting movements and relieving the pressure on harmed structures), and analgesic physical means (electrical stimulation and massage techniques). Several rehabilitation options may be used to address musculoskeletal complications. Range of motion exercises, muscle strengthening, and posture and balance correction using sensory perception and proprioception techniques, are commonly involved. Cardiorespiratory reconditioning is required to improve respiratory function, walking ability and cardiovascular endurance. Ultimately, rehabilitation allows for the minimization of disability and the prevention of the loss of autonomy, particularly in elderly patients. The advantage of the rehabilitation approach is its multi-optional characteristics including physical therapy, occupational therapy, ergonomic advices and assistive equipment. Despite its crucial role, rehabilitation remains understudied in the management of ST. Thus, the present mini-review aimed to address the rehabilitation options for the clinical features and complications of ST, according to the course of the disease.","PeriodicalId":74161,"journal":{"name":"Medicine international","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140741154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patricia Urbón-Sánchez, F. Mendoza-Moreno, Sofía Sánchez De Toca‑Gómez, Félix Mañes-Jiménez, Rubén Jiménez-Martín, Marta Bru-Aparicio, P. Laguna-Hernández, Yousef Allaoua-Moussaoui, Sonia Soto-Schutte, Ana Quiroga-Valcárcel, M. Díez-Alonso, I. Lasa Unzué, A. Gutiérrez-Calvo
Thyroid abscess is a rare entity, commonly experienced by immunocompromised patients, or those who have anatomical abnormalities or a pre-existing thyroid disease. An early diagnosis continued by treatment with antibiotics and drainage of the abscess is the recommended therapeutic strategy for such cases. The present study describes a clinical case of this rare event, and also provides a brief literature review. The present study describes the case of a 48-year-old healthy male with no medical antecedents, apart from acute prostatitis treated with antibiotics for 6 days prior, who visited the Emergency Department of the authors' hospital with neck pain and progressive swelling of the mass. Diagnostic imaging confirmed the authors' suspicion of an abscess and revealed the lesion displacing the airway to the contralateral side. This restricted the mobility of the neck of the patient. As an emergency measure, the patient was then taken to the operating room for a neck examination. A hemithyroidectomy was finally performed. Following a prolonged hospital duration, he was discharged from the hospital and his recovery was uneventful without any voice alterations, hypocalcemia or recurrence.
{"title":"Thyroid abscess, an uncommon diagnosis: A case report and mini‑review of the literature","authors":"Patricia Urbón-Sánchez, F. Mendoza-Moreno, Sofía Sánchez De Toca‑Gómez, Félix Mañes-Jiménez, Rubén Jiménez-Martín, Marta Bru-Aparicio, P. Laguna-Hernández, Yousef Allaoua-Moussaoui, Sonia Soto-Schutte, Ana Quiroga-Valcárcel, M. Díez-Alonso, I. Lasa Unzué, A. Gutiérrez-Calvo","doi":"10.3892/mi.2024.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2024.153","url":null,"abstract":"Thyroid abscess is a rare entity, commonly experienced by immunocompromised patients, or those who have anatomical abnormalities or a pre-existing thyroid disease. An early diagnosis continued by treatment with antibiotics and drainage of the abscess is the recommended therapeutic strategy for such cases. The present study describes a clinical case of this rare event, and also provides a brief literature review. The present study describes the case of a 48-year-old healthy male with no medical antecedents, apart from acute prostatitis treated with antibiotics for 6 days prior, who visited the Emergency Department of the authors' hospital with neck pain and progressive swelling of the mass. Diagnostic imaging confirmed the authors' suspicion of an abscess and revealed the lesion displacing the airway to the contralateral side. This restricted the mobility of the neck of the patient. As an emergency measure, the patient was then taken to the operating room for a neck examination. A hemithyroidectomy was finally performed. Following a prolonged hospital duration, he was discharged from the hospital and his recovery was uneventful without any voice alterations, hypocalcemia or recurrence.","PeriodicalId":74161,"journal":{"name":"Medicine international","volume":"38 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140743481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Panagiotis Tsikouras, Efthimios Oikonomou, A. Bothou, Dimimitrios Kyriakou, Theopi Nalbanti, Sotirios Andreou, Angelos Daniilidis, Panagiotis Peitsidis, K. Nikolettos, Georgios Iatrakis, N. Nikolettos
The safe care of both mothers and fetuses during labor is a primary goal of all health professionals. The assessment of fetal oxygenation and well-being is a key aspect of perinatal care provided. Fetal heart rate (FHR) auscultation became part of daily obstetric practice in a number of countries during the 20th century and remains a key method of fetal monitoring, particularly in low-risk pregnancies. Cardiotocography (CTG) is the continuous monitoring and recording of the FHR and uterine myometrial activity, making it possible to assess the fetal condition. It therefore plays a critical role in the detection of fetal hypoxia during labor, a condition directly related to short- and long-term complications in the newborn. Herein, particular reference is made to the management of CTG category II and III standards, as well as to the handling of childbirth. In addition, specific FHR patterns are associated with immediate neonatal outcomes based on updated studies conducted worldwide. Finally, the prognostic significance of CTG and its potential as a prospective avenue for further investigation are also highlighted herein. Given that the misinterpretation of CTG findings is the most common cause of medical-legal responsibility, this knowledge field requires more emphasis and attention. The aim of the present review was to further deepen the knowledge on issues that mainly concern the safety and monitoring of pregnant women and fetuses during childbirth.
{"title":"Labor management and neonatal outcomes in cardiotocography categories II and III (Review)","authors":"Panagiotis Tsikouras, Efthimios Oikonomou, A. Bothou, Dimimitrios Kyriakou, Theopi Nalbanti, Sotirios Andreou, Angelos Daniilidis, Panagiotis Peitsidis, K. Nikolettos, Georgios Iatrakis, N. Nikolettos","doi":"10.3892/mi.2024.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2024.151","url":null,"abstract":"The safe care of both mothers and fetuses during labor is a primary goal of all health professionals. The assessment of fetal oxygenation and well-being is a key aspect of perinatal care provided. Fetal heart rate (FHR) auscultation became part of daily obstetric practice in a number of countries during the 20th century and remains a key method of fetal monitoring, particularly in low-risk pregnancies. Cardiotocography (CTG) is the continuous monitoring and recording of the FHR and uterine myometrial activity, making it possible to assess the fetal condition. It therefore plays a critical role in the detection of fetal hypoxia during labor, a condition directly related to short- and long-term complications in the newborn. Herein, particular reference is made to the management of CTG category II and III standards, as well as to the handling of childbirth. In addition, specific FHR patterns are associated with immediate neonatal outcomes based on updated studies conducted worldwide. Finally, the prognostic significance of CTG and its potential as a prospective avenue for further investigation are also highlighted herein. Given that the misinterpretation of CTG findings is the most common cause of medical-legal responsibility, this knowledge field requires more emphasis and attention. The aim of the present review was to further deepen the knowledge on issues that mainly concern the safety and monitoring of pregnant women and fetuses during childbirth.","PeriodicalId":74161,"journal":{"name":"Medicine international","volume":"50 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140790752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efthymia Thanasa, Anna Thanasa, Vasiliki Grapsidi, E. Xydias, Evangelos Kamaretsos, A. Ziogas, Ioannis Paraoulakis, E. Simopoulou, Maria Mousia, I. Thanasas
{"title":"Bilateral obstructive uropathy and severe renal dysfunction associated with large prolapsed pedunculated submucosal leiomyoma of the uterus misdiagnosed as an intracervical fibroid: Report of a very rare case and a mini‑review of the literature ","authors":"Efthymia Thanasa, Anna Thanasa, Vasiliki Grapsidi, E. Xydias, Evangelos Kamaretsos, A. Ziogas, Ioannis Paraoulakis, E. Simopoulou, Maria Mousia, I. Thanasas","doi":"10.3892/mi.2024.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2024.150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74161,"journal":{"name":"Medicine international","volume":"40 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nonna Ogurchenok, Konstantin Khalin, Igor Bryukhovetskiy
{"title":"Chemoprophylaxis of precancerous lesions in patients who are at a high risk of developing colorectal cancer (Review)","authors":"Nonna Ogurchenok, Konstantin Khalin, Igor Bryukhovetskiy","doi":"10.3892/mi.2024.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2024.149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74161,"journal":{"name":"Medicine international","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomoki Kato, Yasuhiro Katayama, S. Fukuhara, Takuma Watanabe, S. Yamanaka, K. Nakao, Naoki Morimoto
{"title":"Efficacy of foam sclerotherapy with polidocanol for the management of oral venous malformations","authors":"Tomoki Kato, Yasuhiro Katayama, S. Fukuhara, Takuma Watanabe, S. Yamanaka, K. Nakao, Naoki Morimoto","doi":"10.3892/mi.2024.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2024.148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74161,"journal":{"name":"Medicine international","volume":"117 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140379988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elderly patient with unresectable advanced‑stage hepatocellular carcinoma who received atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and achieved a complete response: A case report","authors":"Shuhei Arima, Tatsuo Kanda, Mai Totsuka, Masayuki Honda, Shini Kanezawa, Reina Sasaki-Tanaka, Naoki Matsumoto, Ryota Masuzaki, Hiroaki Yamagami, Masahiro Ogawa, Hirofumi Kogure","doi":"10.3892/mi.2024.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2024.147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74161,"journal":{"name":"Medicine international","volume":"103 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection occasion‑ ally causes acute‑on‑chronic liver failure in patients with alcohol‑associated cirrhosis. These reports have been published mainly from highly HEV genotype 1‑endemic countries. The present study describes the case of a patient with severe HEV genotype 3b infection and alcohol‑associated liver disease. A male patient in his 70s who consumed alcohol, and who had begun consuming alcohol at the age of 12, had high levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin. The peak levels of ALT and total bilirubin were 1,067 IU/l and 26.3 mg/dl, respectively. A computed tomography scan revealed an atrophic liver. Upon admission, both anti‑HEV immunoglobulin A and HEV RNA were positive, and his HEV was genotype 3b. He also had chronic kidney disease, as his estimated glomerular filtration rate was <45 ml/min/1.73 m 2 , and ribavirin could not be used. The abnormal levels of the liver function parameters of the patient gradually improved due to conservative treatment, and he was discharged on day 43. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that careful attention should be paid to patients with viral hepatitis, including hepatitis E, when alcohol‑associated liver disease is present. Novel anti‑HEV drugs need to be developed for severe HEV infections with chronic kidney disease.
.戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）感染偶尔会导致酒精相关性肝硬化患者出现急性-慢性肝功能衰竭。这些报告主要发表于戊型肝炎病毒基因 1 型高度流行的国家。本研究描述了一例严重 HEV 基因型 3b 感染和酒精相关性肝病患者的病例。一名 70 多岁的男性患者自 12 岁开始饮酒，丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和总胆红素水平较高。谷丙转氨酶和总胆红素的峰值分别为 1,067 IU/l 和 26.3 mg/dl。计算机断层扫描显示肝脏萎缩。入院时，抗 HEV 免疫球蛋白 A 和 HEV RNA 均呈阳性，他的 HEV 基因型为 3b。他还患有慢性肾病，估计肾小球滤过率<45毫升/分钟/1.73米2，因此不能使用利巴韦林。经过保守治疗，患者肝功能指标的异常水平逐渐改善，并于第 43 天出院。总之，本研究表明，当酒精相关性肝病出现时，应谨慎关注包括戊型肝炎在内的病毒性肝炎患者。对于伴有慢性肾病的严重戊型肝炎病毒感染，需要开发新型抗戊型肝炎病毒药物。
{"title":"Severe hepatitis E virus genotype 3b in a patient with alcohol‑associated liver disease: A case report","authors":"Tatsuo Kanda, Shuhei Arima, Reina Sasaki-Tanaka, Mai Totsuka, Masayuki Honda, Ryota Masuzaki, Naoki Matsumoto, Masahiro Ogawa, Masaharu Takahashi, Hiroaki Okamoto, Hirofumi Kogure","doi":"10.3892/mi.2024.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2024.146","url":null,"abstract":". Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection occasion‑ ally causes acute‑on‑chronic liver failure in patients with alcohol‑associated cirrhosis. These reports have been published mainly from highly HEV genotype 1‑endemic countries. The present study describes the case of a patient with severe HEV genotype 3b infection and alcohol‑associated liver disease. A male patient in his 70s who consumed alcohol, and who had begun consuming alcohol at the age of 12, had high levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin. The peak levels of ALT and total bilirubin were 1,067 IU/l and 26.3 mg/dl, respectively. A computed tomography scan revealed an atrophic liver. Upon admission, both anti‑HEV immunoglobulin A and HEV RNA were positive, and his HEV was genotype 3b. He also had chronic kidney disease, as his estimated glomerular filtration rate was <45 ml/min/1.73 m 2 , and ribavirin could not be used. The abnormal levels of the liver function parameters of the patient gradually improved due to conservative treatment, and he was discharged on day 43. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that careful attention should be paid to patients with viral hepatitis, including hepatitis E, when alcohol‑associated liver disease is present. Novel anti‑HEV drugs need to be developed for severe HEV infections with chronic kidney disease.","PeriodicalId":74161,"journal":{"name":"Medicine international","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140260293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sundaresan, Palanirasu Rajapriya, SelvarajKaveri Lavanya
. Aging, with the progressive deterioration and functional decline of several organ systems, is highly hetero‑ geneous for both between and within individuals. Tumor markers are widely used in clinical practice as a screening test for individuals >50 years of age. More specifically, caring for elderly patients is a public health concern, given the incidence of cancer and its related mortality and morbidity. A multidisci‑ plinary diagnostic procedure known as a geriatric assessment is capable of identifying functional, psychological and physi‑ ological issues that are missed by standard evaluation. The present review focuses on cancers affecting the geriatric population, highlights current opportunities and challenges, and highlights the unmet need for clinically relevant tumor markers in elderly patients with cancer. A comprehensive geriatric examination, including a biological assessment, still requires conveniently available tumor markers and their levels in older populations in order to forecast deterioration or loss of functional balance. These tumor indicators ought to make it possible to track patients using other outcomes, such overall survival and functional impairment. Despite the notable progress made in the understanding of human biology, the mechanisms and networks underlying aging remain largely unknown. In addition, as elderly patients are a highly heterogeneous population, age‑related changes cannot be distinguished solely by chronological age. Strong clinical studies, well‑established protocols and meta‑analyses may contribute to the better utilization of tumor biomarkers in the elderly population. Hence, the present review addresses the effects of aging on tumor markers and the usefulness of tumor marker values for the geriatric population.
{"title":"Aging and cancer: Clinical role of tumor markers in the geriatric population (Review)","authors":"S. Sundaresan, Palanirasu Rajapriya, SelvarajKaveri Lavanya","doi":"10.3892/mi.2024.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2024.145","url":null,"abstract":". Aging, with the progressive deterioration and functional decline of several organ systems, is highly hetero‑ geneous for both between and within individuals. Tumor markers are widely used in clinical practice as a screening test for individuals >50 years of age. More specifically, caring for elderly patients is a public health concern, given the incidence of cancer and its related mortality and morbidity. A multidisci‑ plinary diagnostic procedure known as a geriatric assessment is capable of identifying functional, psychological and physi‑ ological issues that are missed by standard evaluation. The present review focuses on cancers affecting the geriatric population, highlights current opportunities and challenges, and highlights the unmet need for clinically relevant tumor markers in elderly patients with cancer. A comprehensive geriatric examination, including a biological assessment, still requires conveniently available tumor markers and their levels in older populations in order to forecast deterioration or loss of functional balance. These tumor indicators ought to make it possible to track patients using other outcomes, such overall survival and functional impairment. Despite the notable progress made in the understanding of human biology, the mechanisms and networks underlying aging remain largely unknown. In addition, as elderly patients are a highly heterogeneous population, age‑related changes cannot be distinguished solely by chronological age. Strong clinical studies, well‑established protocols and meta‑analyses may contribute to the better utilization of tumor biomarkers in the elderly population. Hence, the present review addresses the effects of aging on tumor markers and the usefulness of tumor marker values for the geriatric population.","PeriodicalId":74161,"journal":{"name":"Medicine international","volume":"67 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27eCollection Date: 2024-03-01DOI: 10.3892/mi.2024.144
Ercan Ozdemir
Epilepsy is a complex and common neurological disorder characterized by spontaneous and recurrent seizures, affecting ~75 million individuals worldwide. Numerous studies have been conducted to develop new pharmacological drugs for the effective treatment of epilepsy. In recent years, numerous experimental and clinical studies have focused on the role of the adrenergic receptor (AR) system in the regulation of epileptogenesis, seizure susceptibility and convulsions. α1-ARs (α1A, α1B and α1D), α2-ARs (α2A, α2B and α2C) and β-ARs (β1, β2 and β3), known to have convulsant or anticonvulsant effects, have been isolated. Norepinephrine (NE), the key endogenous agonist of ARs, is considered to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of epileptic seizures. However, the effects of NE on different ARs have not been fully elucidated. Although the activation of some AR subtypes produces conflicting results, the activation of α1, α2 and β receptor subtypes, in particular, produces anticonvulsant effects. The present review focuses on NE and ARs involved in epileptic seizure formation and discusses therapeutic approaches.
癫痫是一种复杂而常见的神经系统疾病，以自发性和反复发作为特征，全球约有 7500 万人患有癫痫。为开发有效治疗癫痫的新药，人们进行了大量研究。近年来，许多实验和临床研究都集中在肾上腺素能受体（AR）系统在调节癫痫发生、癫痫易感性和抽搐中的作用。目前已分离出α1-AR（α1A、α1B和α1D）、α2-AR（α2A、α2B和α2C）和β-AR（β1、β2和β3），已知它们具有惊厥或抗惊厥作用。去甲肾上腺素（NE）是 ARs 的主要内源性激动剂，被认为在癫痫发作的病理生理学中起着至关重要的作用。然而，NE 对不同 AR 的影响尚未完全阐明。虽然激活某些 AR 亚型会产生相互矛盾的结果，但激活 α1、α2 和 β 受体亚型尤其会产生抗惊厥作用。本综述重点探讨参与癫痫发作形成的 NE 和 ARs，并讨论治疗方法。
{"title":"Adrenergic receptor system as a pharmacological target in the treatment of epilepsy (Review).","authors":"Ercan Ozdemir","doi":"10.3892/mi.2024.144","DOIUrl":"10.3892/mi.2024.144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epilepsy is a complex and common neurological disorder characterized by spontaneous and recurrent seizures, affecting ~75 million individuals worldwide. Numerous studies have been conducted to develop new pharmacological drugs for the effective treatment of epilepsy. In recent years, numerous experimental and clinical studies have focused on the role of the adrenergic receptor (AR) system in the regulation of epileptogenesis, seizure susceptibility and convulsions. α<sub>1</sub>-ARs (α<sub>1A</sub>, α<sub>1B</sub> and α<sub>1D</sub>), α<sub>2</sub>-ARs (α<sub>2A</sub>, α<sub>2B</sub> and α<sub>2C</sub>) and β-ARs (β<sub>1</sub>, β<sub>2</sub> and β<sub>3</sub>), known to have convulsant or anticonvulsant effects, have been isolated. Norepinephrine (NE), the key endogenous agonist of ARs, is considered to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of epileptic seizures. However, the effects of NE on different ARs have not been fully elucidated. Although the activation of some AR subtypes produces conflicting results, the activation of α<sub>1</sub>, α<sub>2</sub> and β receptor subtypes, in particular, produces anticonvulsant effects. The present review focuses on NE and ARs involved in epileptic seizure formation and discusses therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":74161,"journal":{"name":"Medicine international","volume":"4 2","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10928664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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