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US-guided ablation of tumors – where is it used and how did we get there 美国引导的肿瘤消融术-在哪里使用以及我们是如何到达那里的

Med-X

Pub Date : 2023-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s44258-023-00002-2

Jia-peng Wu, Jie Yu, J. Fowlkes, P. Liang, C. Nolsøe

引用次数: 0

Non-viral approaches for gene therapy and therapeutic genome editing across the blood-brain barrier. 跨血脑屏障的基因治疗和治疗性基因组编辑的非病毒方法。

Med-X

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s44258-023-00004-0

Ruosen Xie, Yuyuan Wang, Jacobus C Burger, Dongdong Li, Min Zhu, Shaoqin Gong

The success of brain-targeted gene therapy and therapeutic genome editing hinges on the efficient delivery of biologics bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which presents a significant challenge in the development of treatments for central nervous system disorders. This is particularly the case for nucleic acids and genome editors that are naturally excluded by the BBB and have poor chemical stability in the bloodstream and poor cellular uptake capability, thereby requiring judiciously designed nanovectors administered systemically for intracellular delivery to brain cells such as neurons. To overcome this obstacle, various strategies for bypassing the BBB have been developed in recent years to deliver biologics to the brain via intravenous administration using non-viral vectors. This review summarizes various brain targeting strategies and recent representative reports on brain-targeted non-viral delivery systems that allow gene therapy and therapeutic genome editing via intravenous administration, and highlights ongoing challenges and future perspectives for systemic delivery of biologics to the brain via non-viral vectors.

脑靶向基因治疗和治疗性基因组编辑的成功取决于生物制剂绕过血脑屏障（BBB）的有效递送，这对开发中枢神经系统疾病的治疗方法提出了重大挑战。对于被血脑屏障自然排除在外的核酸和基因组编辑器来说尤其如此，它们在血液中的化学稳定性差，细胞摄取能力差，因此需要明智设计的纳米载体系统给药，用于细胞内递送到脑细胞（如神经元）。为了克服这一障碍，近年来开发了各种绕过血脑屏障的策略，使用非病毒载体通过静脉给药将生物制品输送到大脑。这篇综述总结了各种脑靶向策略和最近关于脑靶向非病毒递送系统的代表性报告，这些系统允许通过静脉给药进行基因治疗和治疗基因组编辑，并强调了通过非病毒载体将生物制品系统递送到脑中的持续挑战和未来前景。

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引用次数: 0

Material design for oral insulin delivery. 口服胰岛素输送的材料设计。

Med-X

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s44258-023-00006-y

Kangfan Ji, Yuejun Yao, Xinwei Wei, Wei Liu, Juan Zhang, Yun Liu, Yang Zhang, Jinqiang Wang, Zhen Gu

Frequent insulin injections remain the primary method for controlling the blood glucose level of individuals with diabetes mellitus but are associated with low compliance. Accordingly, oral administration has been identified as a highly desirable alternative due to its non-invasive nature. However, the harsh gastrointestinal environment and physical intestinal barriers pose significant challenges to achieving optimal pharmacological bioavailability of insulin. As a result, researchers have developed a range of materials to improve the efficiency of oral insulin delivery over the past few decades. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in material design that aim to enhance insulin protection, permeability, and glucose-responsive release. We also explore the opportunities and challenges of using these materials for oral insulin delivery.

频繁的胰岛素注射仍然是控制糖尿病患者血糖水平的主要方法，但与依从性低有关。因此，由于其非侵入性，口服给药已被确定为一种非常理想的替代方案。然而，恶劣的胃肠道环境和物理肠道屏障对实现胰岛素的最佳药理学生物利用度提出了重大挑战。因此，在过去的几十年里，研究人员开发了一系列材料来提高口服胰岛素的递送效率。在这篇综述中，我们总结了旨在增强胰岛素保护、通透性和葡萄糖反应性释放的材料设计的最新进展。我们还探讨了使用这些材料进行口服胰岛素递送的机会和挑战。

引用次数: 0

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