Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.5923/J.MATERIALS.20120201.06
R. Gopalakrishnan, S. Barathan, D. Govindarajan
The present works reports the effect of Flyash on the properties of Portland cement hydrated with ground water and seawater through magnetic susceptibility study. Cement pastes containing 0, 10, 20, 30% replacement of flyash with cement and in a Water cement ratio (W/C) ratio of 0.4 have been prepared. The magnetic susceptibility at different hydration ages has been determined by Faraday Curie balance method and this has been correlated to changes in setting time and compressive strength measurement. The observed result shows that, irrespective of water the magnetic suscepti- bility increases with increasing flyash percentage replacement level in cement.
{"title":"Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements on Fly Ash Admixtured Cement Hydrated with Groundwater and Seawater","authors":"R. Gopalakrishnan, S. Barathan, D. Govindarajan","doi":"10.5923/J.MATERIALS.20120201.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.MATERIALS.20120201.06","url":null,"abstract":"The present works reports the effect of Flyash on the properties of Portland cement hydrated with ground water and seawater through magnetic susceptibility study. Cement pastes containing 0, 10, 20, 30% replacement of flyash with cement and in a Water cement ratio (W/C) ratio of 0.4 have been prepared. The magnetic susceptibility at different hydration ages has been determined by Faraday Curie balance method and this has been correlated to changes in setting time and compressive strength measurement. The observed result shows that, irrespective of water the magnetic suscepti- bility increases with increasing flyash percentage replacement level in cement.","PeriodicalId":7420,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74296593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zinc oxide (ZnO) powder was first prepared by hydrothermal synthesis at low temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation was carried out to examine the structural properties of ZnO powder. ZnO colloidal solution was deposited onto ITO/glass by rolling. After air drying, annealing in O2, atmospheric ambient was performed at 300 C and 400 C for 1 h. As the surface treatment, sintered ZnO film was immersed in 0.1 M HCl, washed with DIW and dried at room temperature. The Curcumin, a yellow-orange dye found in turmeric root, was used as a photosensitizer and was carefully prepared to avoid colour fading. Next, the ZnO film was dipped in dye solution for 15 h. High performance carbon counter electrode was prepared and used as a counter electrode. Two glass slides were offset and two binder clips were used to hold the electrodes together. Photovoltaic response of ZnO cell was measured and it was expected to utilize the DSSC application. The conversion efficiency of DSSC at 400oC (0.129%) was found to be larger than that of the cell at 300oC (0.117%).
首次采用水热法在低温条件下制备氧化锌粉体。采用x射线衍射(XRD)研究了ZnO粉体的结构性能。通过轧制将ZnO胶体溶液沉积在ITO/玻璃上。经空气干燥后，在300℃、400℃的O2、常压环境中退火1 h，表面处理为将烧结好的ZnO薄膜浸入0.1 M HCl中，用DIW洗涤，室温干燥。姜黄素，一种在姜黄根中发现的黄橙色染料，被用作光敏剂，并被精心制备以避免褪色。然后，将ZnO薄膜在染料溶液中浸泡15 h，制备出高性能的碳对电极作为对电极。两个玻璃载玻片被偏移，并用两个夹子将电极固定在一起。对ZnO电池的光伏响应进行了测试，并对DSSC的应用前景进行了展望。发现DSSC在400℃时的转化效率(0.129%)大于电池在300℃时的转化效率(0.117%)。
{"title":"Characterization of Nano-sized ZnO Electrodes with Curcumin- derived Natural Dye Extract for DSSC Application","authors":"T. Win, Y. Maung, Ko Ko, K. Soe","doi":"10.7726/AJMST.2012.1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7726/AJMST.2012.1005","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc oxide (ZnO) powder was first prepared by hydrothermal synthesis at low temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation was carried out to examine the structural properties of ZnO powder. ZnO colloidal solution was deposited onto ITO/glass by rolling. After air drying, annealing in O2, atmospheric ambient was performed at 300 C and 400 C for 1 h. As the surface treatment, sintered ZnO film was immersed in 0.1 M HCl, washed with DIW and dried at room temperature. The Curcumin, a yellow-orange dye found in turmeric root, was used as a photosensitizer and was carefully prepared to avoid colour fading. Next, the ZnO film was dipped in dye solution for 15 h. High performance carbon counter electrode was prepared and used as a counter electrode. Two glass slides were offset and two binder clips were used to hold the electrodes together. Photovoltaic response of ZnO cell was measured and it was expected to utilize the DSSC application. The conversion efficiency of DSSC at 400oC (0.129%) was found to be larger than that of the cell at 300oC (0.117%).","PeriodicalId":7420,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77856460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) is one of the most well established II–VI compounds largely due to its use as a photonic material. Existing applications, as well as those under consideration, are increasingly demanding stringent control of the material properties. The deposition of high quality thin films is of the utmost importance to such applications. This tendency has also manifested itself in the structural and surface morphology with higher structural perfection yielding smoother surfaces. The present investigations are about the structural and surface characterization of CdTe thin films. Thin films of CdTe with thickness around 4000A have been deposited by the thermal evaporation method at room temperature. The structural characterization of this film was carried out using XRD (X-ray diffraction technique) and TEM (Transmission electron microscopy). The structure of CdTe film was found to be hexagonal. Also, the lattice parameters, grain size (D), dislocation density (ρ) and micro strain (e), were taken from the XRD data. From TEM of CdTe thin films, the polycrystalline nature was confirmed. A surface morphology study was done by SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) technique. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) provides numerical data of surface height at digitized locations, which are usable for various surface characterizations. In this paper, the results have been analyzed to draw some conclusions which are also presented here.
{"title":"Structural and Surface Studies of Vacuum Evaporated Cadmium Telluride Thin Films","authors":"H. S. Patel, J. Rathod, K. D. Patel, V. Pathak","doi":"10.7726/AJMST.2012.1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7726/AJMST.2012.1003","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) is one of the most well established II–VI compounds largely due to its use as a photonic material. Existing applications, as well as those under consideration, are increasingly demanding stringent control of the material properties. The deposition of high quality thin films is of the utmost importance to such applications. This tendency has also manifested itself in the structural and surface morphology with higher structural perfection yielding smoother surfaces. The present investigations are about the structural and surface characterization of CdTe thin films. Thin films of CdTe with thickness around 4000A have been deposited by the thermal evaporation method at room temperature. The structural characterization of this film was carried out using XRD (X-ray diffraction technique) and TEM (Transmission electron microscopy). The structure of CdTe film was found to be hexagonal. Also, the lattice parameters, grain size (D), dislocation density (ρ) and micro strain (e), were taken from the XRD data. From TEM of CdTe thin films, the polycrystalline nature was confirmed. A surface morphology study was done by SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) technique. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) provides numerical data of surface height at digitized locations, which are usable for various surface characterizations. In this paper, the results have been analyzed to draw some conclusions which are also presented here.","PeriodicalId":7420,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80981438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drilling composite materials is a very common and important process used in industry to assemble composite structures. However, drilling composite materials present a number of problems such as delamination associated with the characteristics of the material and the used cutting parameters. In order to reduce these problems, we present this study with the objective of evaluating the cutting parameters (cutting velocity and feed rate) and the influence of the fibers under delamination factor (F d). The approach is based on a combination of Taguchi techniques and on the analysis of variance (ANOVA). An experimental plan was performed involving drilling with cutting parameters in Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastic (NFRP) using a cemented carbide drill. The results of NFRP composite delamination factor (F d) were compared with Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) composites. The objective was to establish a correlation between cutting velocity and feed rate with the delamination of different fiber-reinforced laminates.
{"title":"Drilling Uni-Directional Fiber-Reinforced Plastics Manufactured by Hand Lay-Up: Influence of Fibers","authors":"D. Babu, K. Babu, B. Uma, Maheswar Gowd","doi":"10.7726/AJMST.2012.1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7726/AJMST.2012.1001","url":null,"abstract":"Drilling composite materials is a very common and important process used in industry to assemble composite structures. However, drilling composite materials present a number of problems such as delamination associated with the characteristics of the material and the used cutting parameters. In order to reduce these problems, we present this study with the objective of evaluating the cutting parameters (cutting velocity and feed rate) and the influence of the fibers under delamination factor (F d). The approach is based on a combination of Taguchi techniques and on the analysis of variance (ANOVA). An experimental plan was performed involving drilling with cutting parameters in Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastic (NFRP) using a cemented carbide drill. The results of NFRP composite delamination factor (F d) were compared with Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) composites. The objective was to establish a correlation between cutting velocity and feed rate with the delamination of different fiber-reinforced laminates.","PeriodicalId":7420,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91334167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrothermal synthesized lead titanate powder was prepared in a Teflon-lined stainless steel bomb. Calcium fluoride (CaF2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) were separately adapted as intermediate layers on p-Si (100) substrates. The microstructures of TiO2 and CaF2 layers were examined by FESEM. Lead titanate (PbTiO3) film was formed on both the CaF2/Si and TiO2/Si structures using the spin coating technique. FESEM images revealed the nano-sized grain morphology of PbTiO3 films. C-V characteristics were measured and good hysteresis nature was formed for both MFIS structure of the film. The Sawyer-Tower circuit was also used to look at the P-E hysteresis loop of both MFIS cells. The loop of PT/TiO2/Si was wider than that of PT/CaF2/Si cell. Also, the higher value of polarization (Ps=49.2 µC/cm2) for PT/TiO2/Si could be explained on the basis of higher dipole moment in this TiO2 buffer layer.
{"title":"Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nano-sized PbTiO3 Powder and Epitaxial Film for Memory Capacitor Application","authors":"Htet Htet Nwe, Y. Maung, T. Win, Ko Ko, K. Soe","doi":"10.7726/AJMST.2012.1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7726/AJMST.2012.1004","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrothermal synthesized lead titanate powder was prepared in a Teflon-lined stainless steel bomb. Calcium fluoride (CaF2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) were separately adapted as intermediate layers on p-Si (100) substrates. The microstructures of TiO2 and CaF2 layers were examined by FESEM. Lead titanate (PbTiO3) film was formed on both the CaF2/Si and TiO2/Si structures using the spin coating technique. FESEM images revealed the nano-sized grain morphology of PbTiO3 films. C-V characteristics were measured and good hysteresis nature was formed for both MFIS structure of the film. The Sawyer-Tower circuit was also used to look at the P-E hysteresis loop of both MFIS cells. The loop of PT/TiO2/Si was wider than that of PT/CaF2/Si cell. Also, the higher value of polarization (Ps=49.2 µC/cm2) for PT/TiO2/Si could be explained on the basis of higher dipole moment in this TiO2 buffer layer.","PeriodicalId":7420,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74190115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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