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Gaining control over voices 控制声音
Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1038/s44220-024-00370-7
Natalia Gass
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引用次数: 0
Childhood adversity may cause epigenetic changes that increase or suppress depression risk 童年的逆境可能会导致增加或抑制抑郁风险的表观遗传变化
Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1038/s44220-024-00346-7
We showed, in multiple population-based birth cohorts, that blood-based DNA methylation partially explains the relationship between childhood adversity and adolescent depressive symptoms. DNA-methylation sites across the epigenome could explain an increased risk of depression but, unexpectedly, other sites also served as markers of resilience against the effects of childhood adversity on depression risk.
我们发现,在多个基于人口的出生队列中,血液DNA甲基化部分解释了童年逆境和青少年抑郁症状之间的关系。表观基因组中的dna甲基化位点可以解释抑郁症风险的增加,但出乎意料的是,其他位点也可以作为抗童年逆境对抑郁症风险影响的恢复能力的标志。
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引用次数: 0
DNA methylation mediates the link between adversity and depressive symptoms DNA甲基化介导逆境和抑郁症状之间的联系
Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1038/s44220-024-00345-8
Alexandre A. Lussier, Brooke J. Smith, Jonah Fisher, Mannan Luo, Janine Cerutti, Lisa Schneper, Trey Smith, Charlotte A. M. Cecil, Janine F. Felix, Colter Mitchell, Daniel A. Notterman, Kerry J. Ressler, Daniel J. Schaid, Andrew J. Simpkin, Matthew J. Suderman, Esther Walton, Andrew D. A. C. Smith, Erin C. Dunn
Experiences of childhood adversity can double the risk for depression. Although the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear, DNA methylation (DNAm) has emerged as a potential pathway to explain the link between adversity and depression. We thus investigated whether epigenome-wide DNAm statistically mediates the association between childhood adversity and adolescent depressive symptoms. Specifically, we performed epigenome-wide mediation analyses to investigate the role of blood-based DNAm (age 7 years) in linking seven types of adversity (ages 0–7 years) to depressive symptoms (age 10.6 years). Primary analyses were conducted in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children and replicated in the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study and Generation R Study. We identified 70 cytosine–guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) that mediated 10–73% of the correlation between adversity and depressive symptoms, with DNAm differences at 39 of these CpGs showing protective effects. Our findings suggest DNAm reflects a biological pathway linking childhood adversity to depression and a potential mechanism towards resilience. Using epigenome-wide mediation analyses to investigate DNA methylation as a path between adversity and depression, the authors found 31 cytosine–guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) associated with risk and 39 CpGs associated with protective effects.
童年逆境的经历会使患抑郁症的风险增加一倍。尽管这种关系背后的机制尚不清楚,但DNA甲基化(DNAm)已经成为解释逆境和抑郁之间联系的潜在途径。因此,我们调查了全表观基因组dna是否在统计上介导童年逆境与青少年抑郁症状之间的关联。具体而言,我们进行了全表观基因组的中介分析,以调查基于血液的DNAm(7岁)在将七种逆境(0-7岁)与抑郁症状(10.6岁)联系起来的作用。在雅芳父母和儿童纵向研究中进行了初步分析,并在家庭和儿童健康的未来研究和R代研究中得到了重复。我们鉴定了70种胞嘧啶-鸟嘌呤二核苷酸(CpGs),它们介导了逆境与抑郁症状之间10-73%的相关性,其中39种CpGs的dna差异显示出保护作用。我们的研究结果表明,DNAm反映了一种将童年逆境与抑郁联系起来的生物学途径,以及一种通往恢复力的潜在机制。利用全表观基因组中介分析来研究DNA甲基化作为逆境和抑郁之间的途径,作者发现31个胞嘧啶-鸟嘌呤二核苷酸(CpGs)与风险相关,39个CpGs与保护作用相关。
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引用次数: 0
Latent mechanisms of language disorganization relate to specific dimensions of psychopathology 语言紊乱的潜在机制与精神病理的特定维度有关
Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1038/s44220-024-00351-w
Isaac Fradkin, Rick A. Adams, Noam Siegelman, Rani Moran, Raymond J. Dolan
Comprehensible communication is critical for social functioning and well-being. In psychopathology, incoherent discourse is assumed to reflect disorganized thinking, which is classically linked to psychotic disorders. However, people do not express everything that comes to mind, rendering inferences from discourse to the underlying structure of thought challenging. Indeed, a range of psychopathologies are linked to self-reported disorganized thinking in the absence of language output incoherence. Here we combine natural language processing and computational modeling of free association to detail the relationship between disorganized thinking and language (in)coherence in a large sample of participants varying across different dimensions of psychopathology. Our approach allowed us to differentiate between disorganized thinking, disinhibited thought expression and deliberate creativity. We find evidence for both under-regulated and over-regulated disorganized thinking, which relate to two specific dimensions of psychopathology: self-reported eccentricity and suspiciousness. Broadly, these results underscore the theoretical progress afforded by analyzing latent dimensions underlying behavior and psychopathology. Using natural language processing and computational modeling, this study finds distinctions among disorganized thinking, disinhibition through expression and deliberate creativity, which are differentially associated with eccentricity and suspiciousness dimensions of psychopathology.
可理解的沟通对社会功能和福祉至关重要。在精神病理学中,不连贯的话语被认为反映了混乱的思维,这通常与精神障碍有关。然而,人们并不会把想到的一切都表达出来,这使得从话语到思想底层结构的推断具有挑战性。事实上,在语言输出不连贯的情况下,一系列的精神病理都与自我报告的混乱思维有关。在这里,我们将自然语言处理和自由联想的计算模型结合起来,详细说明了在精神病理不同维度的大样本参与者中,无组织思维和语言连贯之间的关系。我们的方法使我们能够区分无组织思维、不受抑制的思想表达和深思熟虑的创造力。我们发现了缺乏监管和过度监管的无组织思维的证据,这与精神病理学的两个特定维度有关:自我报告的怪癖和多疑。总的来说,这些结果强调了通过分析潜在维度的行为和精神病理学所提供的理论进展。本研究利用自然语言处理和计算模型,发现无组织思维、通过表达解除抑制和刻意创造与精神病理学的怪癖和怀疑维度存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
Networks extracted from nonlinear fMRI connectivity exhibit unique spatial variation and enhanced sensitivity to differences between individuals with schizophrenia and controls 从非线性fMRI连接中提取的网络表现出独特的空间变异,并增强了对精神分裂症患者和对照组之间差异的敏感性
Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1038/s44220-024-00341-y
Spencer Kinsey, Katarzyna Kazimierczak, Pablo Andrés Camazón, Jiayu Chen, Tülay Adali, Peter Kochunov, Bhim M. Adhikari, Judith Ford, Theo G. M. van Erp, Mukesh Dhamala, Vince D. Calhoun, Armin Iraji
Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder associated with widespread alterations in functional brain connectivity. Although data-driven approaches such as independent component analysis are often used to study how schizophrenia impacts linearly connected networks, alterations within the underlying nonlinear functional connectivity structure remain largely unknown. Here we report the analysis of networks from explicitly nonlinear functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity in a case–control dataset. We found systematic spatial variation, with higher nonlinear weight within core regions, suggesting that linear analyses underestimate functional connectivity within network centers. We also found that a unique nonlinear network incorporating default-mode, cingulo-opercular and central executive regions exhibits hypoconnectivity in schizophrenia, indicating that typically hidden connectivity patterns may reflect inefficient network integration in psychosis. Moreover, nonlinear networks including those previously implicated in auditory, linguistic and self-referential cognition exhibit heightened statistical sensitivity to schizophrenia diagnosis, collectively underscoring the potential of our methodology to resolve complex brain phenomena and transform clinical connectivity analysis. Analysis of neuroimaging data of people with schizophrenia and healthy controls shows that networks derived from explicitly nonlinear whole-brain functional connectivity exhibit higher reliability than those extracted from linear whole-brain functional connectivity and demonstrate higher sensitivity to the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
精神分裂症是一种慢性脑部疾病,与大脑功能连接的广泛改变有关。尽管独立成分分析等数据驱动方法经常用于研究精神分裂症如何影响线性连接网络,但潜在的非线性功能连接结构的变化在很大程度上仍然未知。在这里,我们报告了一个病例对照数据集中明确非线性功能磁共振成像连通性的网络分析。我们发现了系统的空间变化,在核心区域具有较高的非线性权重,表明线性分析低估了网络中心内部的功能连通性。我们还发现,一个独特的非线性网络,包括默认模式,扣谷-眼和中央执行区域,在精神分裂症中表现出低连通性,这表明典型的隐藏连接模式可能反映了精神病中低效的网络整合。此外,包括先前涉及听觉、语言和自我参照认知的非线性网络在内的非线性网络对精神分裂症诊断表现出更高的统计敏感性,共同强调了我们的方法在解决复杂大脑现象和改变临床连通性分析方面的潜力。对精神分裂症患者和健康对照者的神经成像数据的分析表明,与从线性全脑功能连接中提取的网络相比,从明显非线性全脑功能连接中提取的网络具有更高的可靠性,并且对精神分裂症的诊断具有更高的敏感性。
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引用次数: 0
The need and opportunities for mental health integration into global climate negotiations 将精神卫生问题纳入全球气候谈判的必要性和机会
Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1038/s44220-024-00358-3
Omnia El Omrani, Nienke Meinsma, Alessandro Massazza, Arthur Wyns, Ana Mejia, Kim Robin van Daalen, Emma L. Lawrance
Increasing evidence shows how climate change is impacting mental health by increasing the risk of new mental health challenges, exacerbating existing ones and increasing the vulnerability of people living with mental health challenges to morbidity and mortality. Conversely, efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change offer opportunities to strengthen the conditions for mental health and wellbeing. Thus, climate policies should consider the far-reaching impacts of climate change on mental health and the mental health benefits of climate action. Until recently, mental health was largely absent from high-level climate policy discourse. This is changing; the 28th United Nations Climate Conference hosted the first-ever Health Day, and mental health was integrated into the Climate and Health Declaration adopted by 151 countries. This paper discusses the relevance of multilateral climate processes to mental health and the mental health community’s role in ensuring that both mental and physical health are considered across all relevant climate negotiation streams. In this Perspective, the authors detail some of the ways that mental health has been incorporated in high-level climate policy discussions and explore how the prominence of mental health could be promoted in climate agendas.
越来越多的证据表明,气候变化正在影响心理健康,增加了新的心理健康挑战的风险,加剧了现有的挑战,并增加了面临心理健康挑战的人对发病率和死亡率的脆弱性。相反,减缓和适应气候变化的努力为加强心理健康和福祉的条件提供了机会。因此,气候政策应考虑气候变化对心理健康的深远影响以及气候行动对心理健康的益处。直到最近,心理健康在高层气候政策讨论中基本上是缺席的。这种情况正在改变;第28届联合国气候大会举办了有史以来第一个卫生日,151个国家通过了《气候与健康宣言》,将精神卫生纳入其中。本文讨论了多边气候进程与心理健康的相关性,以及心理卫生界在确保所有相关气候谈判流程都考虑到心理和身体健康方面的作用。在本展望中,作者详细介绍了将心理健康纳入高层气候政策讨论的一些方式,并探讨了如何在气候议程中促进心理健康的突出地位。
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引用次数: 0
Neuroimaging biomarkers of addiction 成瘾的神经成像生物标志物
Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1038/s44220-024-00334-x
Hamed Ekhtiari, Arshiya Sangchooli, Owen Carmichael, F. Gerard Moeller, Patricio O’Donnell, Maria A. Oquendo, Martin P. Paulus, Diego A. Pizzagalli, Tatiana Ramey, Joseph P. Schacht, Mehran Zare-Bidoky, Anna Rose Childress, Kathleen Brady
As a neurobiological process, addiction involves pathological patterns of engagement with substances and a range of behaviors with a chronic and relapsing course. Neuroimaging technologies assess brain activity, structure, physiology, and metabolism at scales ranging from neurotransmitter receptors to large-scale brain networks, providing unique windows into the core neural processes implicated in substance use disorders. Identified aberrations in the neural substrates of reward and salience processing, response inhibition, interoception, and executive functions with neuroimaging can inform the development of pharmacological, neuromodulatory, and psychotherapeutic interventions to modulate the disordered neurobiology. Closed- or open-loop interventions can integrate these biomarkers with neuromodulation in real time or offline to personalize stimulation parameters and deliver precise intervention. This Analysis provides an overview of neuroimaging modalities in addiction medicine, potential neuroimaging biomarkers, and their physiologic and clinical relevance. Future directions and challenges in bringing these putative biomarkers from the bench to the bedside are also discussed. In this Analysis, the authors survey protocols involving fMRI, PET, EEG, and MRS to identify potential biomarkers that may be associated with vulnerability, treatment response, and recovery and that may present future interventional targets.
作为一个神经生物学过程,成瘾涉及与物质接触的病理模式和一系列具有慢性和复发过程的行为。神经成像技术在从神经递质受体到大尺度脑网络的尺度上评估大脑活动、结构、生理和代谢,为物质使用障碍相关的核心神经过程提供了独特的窗口。通过神经成像识别出奖赏和显著性处理、反应抑制、内感受和执行功能等神经基质中的畸变,可以为药理学、神经调节和心理治疗干预的发展提供信息,以调节紊乱的神经生物学。闭环或开环干预可以将这些生物标志物与实时或离线的神经调节结合起来,以个性化刺激参数并提供精确的干预。本分析概述了成瘾医学中的神经成像模式、潜在的神经成像生物标志物及其生理学和临床相关性。未来的方向和挑战,将这些假定的生物标志物从实验室带到床边也进行了讨论。在本分析中,作者调查了fMRI、PET、EEG和MRS的方案,以确定可能与易感性、治疗反应和恢复相关的潜在生物标志物,并可能提出未来的干预目标。
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引用次数: 0
How and why music therapy reduces distress and improves well-being in advanced dementia care: a realist review 音乐治疗如何以及为什么在老年痴呆症护理中减少痛苦和改善健康:现实主义回顾
Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1038/s44220-024-00342-x
Naomi Thompson, Helen Odell-Miller, Benjamin R. Underwood, Emma Wolverson, Ming-Hung Hsu
People with advanced dementia are at increased risk of institutionalization and experiencing distress. Research suggests that music therapy could reduce distress, but less is known about the causal mechanisms. Here we conducted a realist review to develop a program theory for how music therapy may reduce distress and improve well-being for people with advanced dementia in institutional settings. Initially, data were extracted from key literature alongside secondary reflexive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews and stakeholder consultation. Subsequently, systematic literature searches were conducted along with a stakeholder survey. Data were extracted to iteratively refine the rough theory. Finally, the program theory was presented to stakeholder groups for consolidation. The theory outlines the core elements of the music therapy intervention alongside the individual, interpersonal and institutional contexts required to instigate hidden mechanisms, including meeting the unmeet needs of the person with dementia in the moment and increasing communication and understanding of music therapy among staff and family members. Outcomes include short-term reductions in distress and improved well-being, with the potential for music to become embedded in the management of distress and regulation of the care environment within the institution. Insufficient data were found to theorize infrastructural factors impacting the use of music therapy with this population. This theory should be tested through empirical research and used to inform clinical practice and policy. This realist review shows that music therapy interventions must meet a person’s needs in the moment and be supported and integrated within the wider care environment to reduce distress and improve well-being for people with advanced dementia.
患有晚期痴呆症的人被送进机构的风险更高,也更容易感到痛苦。研究表明,音乐疗法可以减轻痛苦,但对其因果机制知之甚少。在这里,我们进行了一项现实主义的回顾,以发展一个程序理论,探讨音乐疗法如何减轻机构环境中晚期痴呆症患者的痛苦和改善幸福感。最初,从关键文献中提取数据,同时对半结构化访谈和利益相关者咨询进行二次反身性专题分析。随后,进行了系统的文献检索和利益相关者调查。提取数据以迭代地完善粗略理论。最后,将程序理论提交给利益相关者群体进行巩固。该理论概述了音乐治疗干预的核心要素,以及激发隐藏机制所需的个人、人际和机构背景,包括满足痴呆症患者当前未满足的需求,以及增加工作人员和家庭成员之间对音乐治疗的沟通和理解。结果包括短期内痛苦的减少和福祉的改善,音乐有可能成为机构内痛苦管理和护理环境监管的一部分。没有足够的数据来证明影响这一人群使用音乐疗法的基础设施因素。这一理论应该通过实证研究进行检验,并用于为临床实践和政策提供信息。这一现实主义的回顾表明,音乐治疗干预必须满足一个人的需求,并得到更广泛的护理环境的支持和整合,以减少晚期痴呆症患者的痛苦和改善他们的福祉。
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引用次数: 0
Author Correction: Precision behavioral phenotyping as a strategy for uncovering the biological correlates of psychopathology 作者更正:精确行为表型作为一种揭示精神病理学生物学相关性的策略
Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1038/s44220-024-00366-3
Jeggan Tiego, Elizabeth A. Martin, Colin G. DeYoung, Kelsey Hagan, Samuel E. Cooper, Rita Pasion, Liam Satchell, Alexander J. Shackman, Mark A. Bellgrove, Alex Fornito, the HiTOP Neurobiological Foundations Work Group
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引用次数: 0
Improving refugee mental health through resilience and research 通过复原力和研究改善难民的心理健康
Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44220-024-00363-6
The dramatic increase in refugees and people who have been displaced by climate-driven natural disasters, as well as by political unrest and conflict, requires broad rethinking about how aid is provided. In addition to covering basic physical needs, the mental health needs of refugees must also be considered.
难民和因气候自然灾害以及政治动荡和冲突而流离失所的人急剧增加,这要求我们对提供援助的方式进行广泛的反思。除了满足基本的物质需求外,还必须考虑难民的心理健康需求。
{"title":"Improving refugee mental health through resilience and research","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44220-024-00363-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44220-024-00363-6","url":null,"abstract":"The dramatic increase in refugees and people who have been displaced by climate-driven natural disasters, as well as by political unrest and conflict, requires broad rethinking about how aid is provided. In addition to covering basic physical needs, the mental health needs of refugees must also be considered.","PeriodicalId":74247,"journal":{"name":"Nature mental health","volume":"2 11","pages":"1263-1264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44220-024-00363-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Nature mental health
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