Pub Date : 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1038/s44220-025-00487-3
Olivia Remes
{"title":"Understanding the ‘silent crisis’ of suicide in the construction industry and the way forward","authors":"Olivia Remes","doi":"10.1038/s44220-025-00487-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44220-025-00487-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74247,"journal":{"name":"Nature mental health","volume":"3 9","pages":"959-960"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1038/s44220-025-00491-7
Daiane B. Machado
Despite decades of scientific advances, suicide remains a global public health challenge shaped by deep social, economic and cultural inequalities. Although substantial resources have been allocated to prevention efforts, these strategies have overwhelmingly been designed, tested and implemented based on evidence generated in high-income countries. As a result, the models and interventions commonly adopted worldwide often fail to adequately capture the diverse realities of the global south. Here we argue that the global south offers critical insights for rethinking suicide prevention, illustrating how socioeconomic factors, cultural practices and community connection and resilience shape mental health outcomes and suicide risk. Rather than relying exclusively on individual-centered, clinical approaches, a broader and more context-sensitive framework is necessary, one that integrates structural determinants, promotes social justice and values epistemological diversity. Through an analysis of epidemiological trends, mental health constructs, cultural practices, theoretical frameworks and public policy interventions, this Perspective proposes a reconceptualization of suicide-prevention strategies that move beyond traditional paradigms. This Perspective challenges the traditional approaches to suicide prevention research, which are often rooted in studies from high-income countries. It advocates for culturally informed, community-based strategies, drawing on successful examples from the global south.
{"title":"Rethinking suicide prevention: insights from the global south for a new global agenda","authors":"Daiane B. Machado","doi":"10.1038/s44220-025-00491-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44220-025-00491-7","url":null,"abstract":"Despite decades of scientific advances, suicide remains a global public health challenge shaped by deep social, economic and cultural inequalities. Although substantial resources have been allocated to prevention efforts, these strategies have overwhelmingly been designed, tested and implemented based on evidence generated in high-income countries. As a result, the models and interventions commonly adopted worldwide often fail to adequately capture the diverse realities of the global south. Here we argue that the global south offers critical insights for rethinking suicide prevention, illustrating how socioeconomic factors, cultural practices and community connection and resilience shape mental health outcomes and suicide risk. Rather than relying exclusively on individual-centered, clinical approaches, a broader and more context-sensitive framework is necessary, one that integrates structural determinants, promotes social justice and values epistemological diversity. Through an analysis of epidemiological trends, mental health constructs, cultural practices, theoretical frameworks and public policy interventions, this Perspective proposes a reconceptualization of suicide-prevention strategies that move beyond traditional paradigms. This Perspective challenges the traditional approaches to suicide prevention research, which are often rooted in studies from high-income countries. It advocates for culturally informed, community-based strategies, drawing on successful examples from the global south.","PeriodicalId":74247,"journal":{"name":"Nature mental health","volume":"3 9","pages":"982-990"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s44220-025-00491-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1038/s44220-025-00477-5
Malvika Sridhar, Wiebke Struckmann, Noriah D. Johnson, Martin Tik, Cammie E. Rolle, Ian H. Kratter, Nolan R. Williams
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric illness marked by notable changes in mood, behavior and cognition. Emerging evidence indicates that depression can differ by sex in terms of onset, symptoms and treatment response. While modern psychiatry acknowledges sex differences in epidemiology, we are yet to identify biomarkers that could guide sex-specific interventions. Recent discoveries in MDD research point towards alterations in functional brain network patterns. This Perspective highlights the rationale for using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to identify sex differences in MDD. We present preliminary evidence for sex-based differences in depression from the limited existing rs-fMRI literature. Although limited and heterogeneous in their design, the results point towards the need for larger research studies. Furthermore, in female individuals, hormonal fluctuations during specific life phases pose a substantial risk for the onset of depressive episodes. We advocate that future studies integrate sex as an essential factor in MDD research and utilize resting-state functional connectivity to identify sex-specific neural features and biomarkers. We finally recommend ways to incorporate menstrual and reproductive cycle data into depression research to develop better diagnostic tools and personalized treatment strategies. Major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibits sex-specific differences in onset, symptoms and treatment response, yet biomarkers for guiding sex-specific interventions remain unidentified. Here the authors propose the use of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to uncover sex-based neural differences in MDD, advocating for larger studies to enhance diagnostic tools and personalized treatments.
{"title":"Functional neuroimaging highlights sex as a critical variable in depression research","authors":"Malvika Sridhar, Wiebke Struckmann, Noriah D. Johnson, Martin Tik, Cammie E. Rolle, Ian H. Kratter, Nolan R. Williams","doi":"10.1038/s44220-025-00477-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44220-025-00477-5","url":null,"abstract":"Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric illness marked by notable changes in mood, behavior and cognition. Emerging evidence indicates that depression can differ by sex in terms of onset, symptoms and treatment response. While modern psychiatry acknowledges sex differences in epidemiology, we are yet to identify biomarkers that could guide sex-specific interventions. Recent discoveries in MDD research point towards alterations in functional brain network patterns. This Perspective highlights the rationale for using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to identify sex differences in MDD. We present preliminary evidence for sex-based differences in depression from the limited existing rs-fMRI literature. Although limited and heterogeneous in their design, the results point towards the need for larger research studies. Furthermore, in female individuals, hormonal fluctuations during specific life phases pose a substantial risk for the onset of depressive episodes. We advocate that future studies integrate sex as an essential factor in MDD research and utilize resting-state functional connectivity to identify sex-specific neural features and biomarkers. We finally recommend ways to incorporate menstrual and reproductive cycle data into depression research to develop better diagnostic tools and personalized treatment strategies. Major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibits sex-specific differences in onset, symptoms and treatment response, yet biomarkers for guiding sex-specific interventions remain unidentified. Here the authors propose the use of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to uncover sex-based neural differences in MDD, advocating for larger studies to enhance diagnostic tools and personalized treatments.","PeriodicalId":74247,"journal":{"name":"Nature mental health","volume":"3 9","pages":"974-981"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-22DOI: 10.1038/s44220-025-00471-x
Joëlle A. Pasman, Jacob Bergstedt, Arvid Harder, Tong Gong, Ying Xiong, Sara Hägg, Fang Fang, Jorien L. Treur, Karmel W. Choi, Patrick F. Sullivan, Yi Lu
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and debilitating disorder whose causes and consequences remain insufficiently understood. Genetic variants can be used to study causal relationships with other traits. Here we reviewed 201 MDD-associated traits and performed genetic correlation analyses for 115 traits, two-sample Mendelian randomization for 89 of them, and one-sample Mendelian randomization for an additional 43 outcomes, applying sensitivity tests and power analyses. We show that MDD liability increases risk for poorer circadian, cognitive, diet, medical disease, endocrine, functional, inflammatory, metabolic, mortality, physical activity, reproduction, risk behavior, social, socioeconomic and suicide outcomes. Most associations were bidirectional, although with weaker evidence for diet, disease and endocrine traits causing MDD risk. These findings provide a systematic overview of traits putatively causally linked to MDD—confirming known links and identifying new ones—and underscore MDD as a cross-cutting risk factor across medical, functional and psychosocial domains. The authors analyze genetic correlations and perform Mendelian randomization to reveal bidirectional links between major depressive disorder and various traits, highlighting its role as an important risk factor across medical, functional and psychosocial domains and identifying potential causal relationships.
{"title":"An encompassing Mendelian randomization study of the causes and consequences of major depressive disorder","authors":"Joëlle A. Pasman, Jacob Bergstedt, Arvid Harder, Tong Gong, Ying Xiong, Sara Hägg, Fang Fang, Jorien L. Treur, Karmel W. Choi, Patrick F. Sullivan, Yi Lu","doi":"10.1038/s44220-025-00471-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44220-025-00471-x","url":null,"abstract":"Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and debilitating disorder whose causes and consequences remain insufficiently understood. Genetic variants can be used to study causal relationships with other traits. Here we reviewed 201 MDD-associated traits and performed genetic correlation analyses for 115 traits, two-sample Mendelian randomization for 89 of them, and one-sample Mendelian randomization for an additional 43 outcomes, applying sensitivity tests and power analyses. We show that MDD liability increases risk for poorer circadian, cognitive, diet, medical disease, endocrine, functional, inflammatory, metabolic, mortality, physical activity, reproduction, risk behavior, social, socioeconomic and suicide outcomes. Most associations were bidirectional, although with weaker evidence for diet, disease and endocrine traits causing MDD risk. These findings provide a systematic overview of traits putatively causally linked to MDD—confirming known links and identifying new ones—and underscore MDD as a cross-cutting risk factor across medical, functional and psychosocial domains. The authors analyze genetic correlations and perform Mendelian randomization to reveal bidirectional links between major depressive disorder and various traits, highlighting its role as an important risk factor across medical, functional and psychosocial domains and identifying potential causal relationships.","PeriodicalId":74247,"journal":{"name":"Nature mental health","volume":"3 9","pages":"1002-1011"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12417207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-21DOI: 10.1038/s44220-025-00484-6
Jo Robinson, Samuel McKay, Belén Vargas
Schools offer unparalleled reach for youth suicide prevention, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where access to mental health care is limited. However, poor integration into education systems, short-term funding and weak links between health and education limit the impact of many programs. We call for systemic implementation approaches that embed prevention within school priorities, increase cross-sector collaboration, build on existing initiatives such as anti-bullying programs, and align policy and data to deliver sustainable, scalable strategies that reduce suicide risk among young people.
{"title":"Rethinking suicide prevention in schools starts with implementation","authors":"Jo Robinson, Samuel McKay, Belén Vargas","doi":"10.1038/s44220-025-00484-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44220-025-00484-6","url":null,"abstract":"Schools offer unparalleled reach for youth suicide prevention, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where access to mental health care is limited. However, poor integration into education systems, short-term funding and weak links between health and education limit the impact of many programs. We call for systemic implementation approaches that embed prevention within school priorities, increase cross-sector collaboration, build on existing initiatives such as anti-bullying programs, and align policy and data to deliver sustainable, scalable strategies that reduce suicide risk among young people.","PeriodicalId":74247,"journal":{"name":"Nature mental health","volume":"3 9","pages":"963-965"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1038/s44220-025-00485-5
Jorge Cuartas, Elizabeth T. Gershoff
A large and consistent body of evidence indicates physical punishment is harmful, but more research is needed to prevent it effectively at scale.
大量一致的证据表明体罚是有害的，但需要更多的研究来有效地大规模预防体罚。
{"title":"How to prevent physical punishment that harms children","authors":"Jorge Cuartas, Elizabeth T. Gershoff","doi":"10.1038/s44220-025-00485-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44220-025-00485-5","url":null,"abstract":"A large and consistent body of evidence indicates physical punishment is harmful, but more research is needed to prevent it effectively at scale.","PeriodicalId":74247,"journal":{"name":"Nature mental health","volume":"3 10","pages":"1109-1111"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-18DOI: 10.1038/s44220-025-00479-3
Dieter Wolke, Yanlin Zhou, Yiwen Liu, Robert Eves, Marina Mendonça, E. Sabrina Twilhaar
Resilience research seeks to understand how protective factors interact with adversity to yield positive outcomes over time. However, inconsistent conceptualizations and diverse methodologies limit comparability across studies. In this systematic review (preregistered on PROSPERO CRD42019138732 ), we examined 193 longitudinal psychosocial resilience studies published over the past 30 years, including 805,660 participants across all age groups. We analyzed (1) conceptualizations of resilience as a trait, outcome or process; (2) statistical approaches (variable-centered, person-centered or combined); (3) types of models and their relationship to adversity (for example, protective, promotive, vulnerability, differential susceptibility); and (4) heterogeneity in adversity, outcomes and promotive or protective factors. Most studies lacked an explicit resilience definition, and only 32% explicitly defined it as a trait (6%), an outcome (19%) or a process (8%). Variable-centered approaches predominated (85%), with most studies testing moderation and identifying protective/promotive effects, while few supported differential susceptibilities. Adversities were primarily childhood- or family-based, with mental health outcomes most common. Protective factors spanned individual, family and community levels, while neurobiological factors were rarely considered. We offer recommendations from our review to improve clarity and consistency in conceptualizing, operationalizing and interpreting resilience in longitudinal research. This research systematically reviewed 193 longitudinal studies on psychosocial resilience, revealing inconsistent definitions, predominant variable-centered methodologies and a focus on childhood adversities, while highlighting the need for clearer conceptual frameworks and improved operationalization in future investigations.
{"title":"A systematic review of conceptualizations and statistical methods in longitudinal studies of resilience","authors":"Dieter Wolke, Yanlin Zhou, Yiwen Liu, Robert Eves, Marina Mendonça, E. Sabrina Twilhaar","doi":"10.1038/s44220-025-00479-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44220-025-00479-3","url":null,"abstract":"Resilience research seeks to understand how protective factors interact with adversity to yield positive outcomes over time. However, inconsistent conceptualizations and diverse methodologies limit comparability across studies. In this systematic review (preregistered on PROSPERO CRD42019138732 ), we examined 193 longitudinal psychosocial resilience studies published over the past 30 years, including 805,660 participants across all age groups. We analyzed (1) conceptualizations of resilience as a trait, outcome or process; (2) statistical approaches (variable-centered, person-centered or combined); (3) types of models and their relationship to adversity (for example, protective, promotive, vulnerability, differential susceptibility); and (4) heterogeneity in adversity, outcomes and promotive or protective factors. Most studies lacked an explicit resilience definition, and only 32% explicitly defined it as a trait (6%), an outcome (19%) or a process (8%). Variable-centered approaches predominated (85%), with most studies testing moderation and identifying protective/promotive effects, while few supported differential susceptibilities. Adversities were primarily childhood- or family-based, with mental health outcomes most common. Protective factors spanned individual, family and community levels, while neurobiological factors were rarely considered. We offer recommendations from our review to improve clarity and consistency in conceptualizing, operationalizing and interpreting resilience in longitudinal research. This research systematically reviewed 193 longitudinal studies on psychosocial resilience, revealing inconsistent definitions, predominant variable-centered methodologies and a focus on childhood adversities, while highlighting the need for clearer conceptual frameworks and improved operationalization in future investigations.","PeriodicalId":74247,"journal":{"name":"Nature mental health","volume":"3 9","pages":"1088-1099"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s44220-025-00479-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-18DOI: 10.1038/s44220-025-00474-8
Soeun Kim, Selin Woo, Namwoo Kim, Hyeri Lee, Jaeyu Park, Tae Kim, Guillaume Fond, Laurent Boyer, Masoud Rahmati, Lee Smith, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Elena Dragioti, Christa J. Nehs, Jinseok Lee, Hayeon Lee, Hyeon Jin Kim, Jiseung Kang, Dong Keon Yon
Global trends and future projections of suicide mortality are crucial to providing policy decision-makers with insights into estimating the global and future burden of suicide; however, they require techniques accounting for the effects of age, period and cohort on trends in suicide mortality and considering various factors such as population growth and aging. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the global trends in suicide mortality rates from 1990 to 2021 and the future projection of suicide deaths until 2050 across 102 countries. Global trends were calculated using a locally weighted scatter-plot smoother (LOESS) curve, and the association between the rates and socioeconomic and geographical indicators was investigated. The study also projected future suicide mortality rates up to 2050 using the Bayesian age–period–cohort model. In addition, a decomposition analysis was performed to identify the variations in suicide deaths, specifically examining factors such as population growth, aging and epidemiological changes. Of the 102 countries included in the analysis of suicide mortality, 54 were high-income countries (HICs) and 48 were low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The LOESS estimate of the global suicide mortality rate decreased from 10.33 (95% confidence interval, 9.67–10.99) deaths per 100,000 people in 1990 to 7.24 (6.58–7.90) deaths per 100,000 people in 2021. Notably, overall global suicide mortality rates were higher among males compared with females, with males showing a decline from 16.41 (15.23–17.58) in 1990 to 11.51 (10.33–12.68) in 2021, and females from 4.65 (4.41–4.89) in 1990 to 3.22 (2.98–3.46) in 2021. In addition, HICs also had higher suicide mortality rates, from 12.68 (11.96–13.40) in 1990 to 8.61 (7.89–9.33) in 2021, compared with LMICs, which showed 7.88 (6.93–8.84) in 1990 and 5.73 (4.77–6.69) in 2021. We also identified an association between the age-standardized suicide rates and several parameters, including the Human Development Index (β, 24.250; P = 0.001), Sociodemographic Index (β, 0.091; P < 0.001), reverse Gender Gap Index (β, −39.913; P = 0.002), Gender Inequality Index (β, 13.229; P = 0.016) and latitude (β, 23.732; P < 0.001). The future predicted number of global suicide deaths up to 2050 would slightly decrease from 8.60 (95% credible interval, 8.40–8.83) deaths in 2021 to 8.42 (6.60–10.61) in 2030, 7.39 (4.25–13.17) in 2040 and 6.49 (2.19–17.57) in 2050. Although population growth and aging had contributed to an increase in the number of deaths, the overall count in 2021 had decreased compared with 1990, primarily due to the decline in the age-standardized suicide mortality rates. A global trend for a decrease in suicide mortality rate was observed from 1990 to 2021. Reflecting the overall decline, future suicide deaths are forecasted to decrease up to 2050 at the global level, with certain groups and countries remaining more vulnerable to suicide deaths. Therefore, these findings suggest the nee
自杀死亡率的全球趋势和未来预测对于向政策决策者提供估计全球和未来自杀负担的见解至关重要；然而，他们需要考虑年龄，时期和队列对自杀死亡率趋势的影响的技术，并考虑人口增长和老龄化等各种因素。因此，我们的目的是估计1990年至2021年全球自杀死亡率的趋势，以及102个国家到2050年自杀死亡率的未来预测。利用局部加权散点图平滑曲线计算全球趋势，并研究速率与社会经济和地理指标之间的关系。该研究还使用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型预测了到2050年的未来自杀死亡率。此外，还进行了分解分析，以确定自杀死亡的变化，具体考察了人口增长、老龄化和流行病学变化等因素。在参与自杀死亡率分析的102个国家中，54个是高收入国家，48个是低收入和中等收入国家。黄土估计的全球自杀死亡率从1990年的每10万人10.33例（95%置信区间，9.67-10.99）下降到2021年的每10万人7.24例（6.58-7.90）。值得注意的是，全球男性总体自杀死亡率高于女性，男性从1990年的16.41（15.23-17.58）下降到2021年的11.51(10.33-12.68)，女性从1990年的4.65（4.41-4.89）下降到2021年的3.22（2.98-3.46）。此外，高收入人群的自杀死亡率也高于中低收入人群，从1990年的12.68（11.96-13.40）升至2021年的8.61(7.89-9.33)，而中低收入人群的自杀死亡率分别为1990年的7.88（6.93-8.84）和2021年的5.73（4.77-6.69）。我们还发现了年龄标准化自杀率与几个参数之间的关联，包括人类发展指数（β, 24.250; P = 0.001）、社会人口指数（β, 0.091; P < 0.001）、反向性别差距指数（β, - 39.913; P = 0.002）、性别不平等指数（β, 13.229; P = 0.016）和纬度（β, 23.732; P < 0.001）。到2050年，全球自杀死亡人数预计将从2021年的8.60人（95%可信区间，8.40-8.83人）略微下降到2030年的8.42人（6.60-10.61人）、2040年的7.39人（4.25-13.17人）和2050年的6.49人（2.19-17.57人）。虽然人口增长和老龄化导致死亡人数增加，但与1990年相比，2021年的总死亡人数有所减少，主要原因是年龄标准化自杀死亡率下降。1990年至2021年期间，全球自杀死亡率呈下降趋势。反映总体下降的是，预计到2050年，未来全球自杀死亡人数将减少，某些群体和国家仍然更容易遭受自杀死亡。因此，这些发现表明需要更有效的策略和政策来降低自杀死亡率。本研究估计了1990年至2021年全球自杀死亡率的趋势，并使用局部加权散点图平滑模型和贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型预测了到2050年的未来死亡率，揭示了大幅下降，并强调了影响高收入国家和低收入国家差异的社会经济因素。
{"title":"Global, regional and national trends in suicide mortality rates across 102 countries from 1990 to 2021 with projections up to 2050","authors":"Soeun Kim, Selin Woo, Namwoo Kim, Hyeri Lee, Jaeyu Park, Tae Kim, Guillaume Fond, Laurent Boyer, Masoud Rahmati, Lee Smith, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Elena Dragioti, Christa J. Nehs, Jinseok Lee, Hayeon Lee, Hyeon Jin Kim, Jiseung Kang, Dong Keon Yon","doi":"10.1038/s44220-025-00474-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44220-025-00474-8","url":null,"abstract":"Global trends and future projections of suicide mortality are crucial to providing policy decision-makers with insights into estimating the global and future burden of suicide; however, they require techniques accounting for the effects of age, period and cohort on trends in suicide mortality and considering various factors such as population growth and aging. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the global trends in suicide mortality rates from 1990 to 2021 and the future projection of suicide deaths until 2050 across 102 countries. Global trends were calculated using a locally weighted scatter-plot smoother (LOESS) curve, and the association between the rates and socioeconomic and geographical indicators was investigated. The study also projected future suicide mortality rates up to 2050 using the Bayesian age–period–cohort model. In addition, a decomposition analysis was performed to identify the variations in suicide deaths, specifically examining factors such as population growth, aging and epidemiological changes. Of the 102 countries included in the analysis of suicide mortality, 54 were high-income countries (HICs) and 48 were low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The LOESS estimate of the global suicide mortality rate decreased from 10.33 (95% confidence interval, 9.67–10.99) deaths per 100,000 people in 1990 to 7.24 (6.58–7.90) deaths per 100,000 people in 2021. Notably, overall global suicide mortality rates were higher among males compared with females, with males showing a decline from 16.41 (15.23–17.58) in 1990 to 11.51 (10.33–12.68) in 2021, and females from 4.65 (4.41–4.89) in 1990 to 3.22 (2.98–3.46) in 2021. In addition, HICs also had higher suicide mortality rates, from 12.68 (11.96–13.40) in 1990 to 8.61 (7.89–9.33) in 2021, compared with LMICs, which showed 7.88 (6.93–8.84) in 1990 and 5.73 (4.77–6.69) in 2021. We also identified an association between the age-standardized suicide rates and several parameters, including the Human Development Index (β, 24.250; P = 0.001), Sociodemographic Index (β, 0.091; P < 0.001), reverse Gender Gap Index (β, −39.913; P = 0.002), Gender Inequality Index (β, 13.229; P = 0.016) and latitude (β, 23.732; P < 0.001). The future predicted number of global suicide deaths up to 2050 would slightly decrease from 8.60 (95% credible interval, 8.40–8.83) deaths in 2021 to 8.42 (6.60–10.61) in 2030, 7.39 (4.25–13.17) in 2040 and 6.49 (2.19–17.57) in 2050. Although population growth and aging had contributed to an increase in the number of deaths, the overall count in 2021 had decreased compared with 1990, primarily due to the decline in the age-standardized suicide mortality rates. A global trend for a decrease in suicide mortality rate was observed from 1990 to 2021. Reflecting the overall decline, future suicide deaths are forecasted to decrease up to 2050 at the global level, with certain groups and countries remaining more vulnerable to suicide deaths. Therefore, these findings suggest the nee","PeriodicalId":74247,"journal":{"name":"Nature mental health","volume":"3 9","pages":"991-1001"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-14DOI: 10.1038/s44220-025-00483-7
Steven Hobaica, Derrick D. Matthews, Jonah P. DeChants, Ronita Nath
Discrimination related to one’s sexual orientation or gender identity (SOGI) is associated with suicide risk in LGBTQ+ youth, and protective factors, such as greater perceived life expectancy and life purpose, are associated with reduced risk. However, no research has examined the relationship between SOGI-based discrimination, life purpose, and perceived life expectancy in LGBTQ+ youth, especially considering suicide risk. After implementing a conditional process modeling approach with LGBTQ+ youth (N = 28,524; cross-sectional), we found that life purpose and perceived life expectancy partially mediated the relationship between SOGI-based discrimination and attempting suicide in the past year. Perceived life expectancy also partially mediated the relationship between life purpose and attempting suicide, with lower life purpose being associated with lower perceived life expectancy. Recommendations for researchers, providers, policymakers and other LGBTQ+ facing adults are included that can inform policy and crisis intervention, as well as methods of improving the perceived life expectancy and life purpose of LGBTQ+ youth. In this study, Hobaica and colleagues investigate how perceived life expectancy and life purpose mediate the relationship between gender- and sexual orientation-based discrimination and suicide risk in a large US sample of LGBTQ+ youth.
{"title":"Perceived life expectancy and life purpose mediate relation between discrimination and suicide attempts in LGBTQ+ youth","authors":"Steven Hobaica, Derrick D. Matthews, Jonah P. DeChants, Ronita Nath","doi":"10.1038/s44220-025-00483-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44220-025-00483-7","url":null,"abstract":"Discrimination related to one’s sexual orientation or gender identity (SOGI) is associated with suicide risk in LGBTQ+ youth, and protective factors, such as greater perceived life expectancy and life purpose, are associated with reduced risk. However, no research has examined the relationship between SOGI-based discrimination, life purpose, and perceived life expectancy in LGBTQ+ youth, especially considering suicide risk. After implementing a conditional process modeling approach with LGBTQ+ youth (N = 28,524; cross-sectional), we found that life purpose and perceived life expectancy partially mediated the relationship between SOGI-based discrimination and attempting suicide in the past year. Perceived life expectancy also partially mediated the relationship between life purpose and attempting suicide, with lower life purpose being associated with lower perceived life expectancy. Recommendations for researchers, providers, policymakers and other LGBTQ+ facing adults are included that can inform policy and crisis intervention, as well as methods of improving the perceived life expectancy and life purpose of LGBTQ+ youth. In this study, Hobaica and colleagues investigate how perceived life expectancy and life purpose mediate the relationship between gender- and sexual orientation-based discrimination and suicide risk in a large US sample of LGBTQ+ youth.","PeriodicalId":74247,"journal":{"name":"Nature mental health","volume":"3 9","pages":"1070-1077"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-13DOI: 10.1038/s44220-025-00472-w
Mirim Shin, Jacob J. Crouse, Meltem Weger, Sarah McKenna, Naomi R. Wray, Elizabeth M. Scott, Ian B. Hickie, Frédéric Gachon
Insulin resistance is emerging as an early metabolic risk marker in youth with mood disorders. In this Comment, we examine the interplay of insulin resistance, inflammation and circadian disruption that worsens both metabolic symptoms and mood symptoms, highlighting the potential for early integrated interventions.
{"title":"Insulin resistance as an early marker in youth with mood disorders","authors":"Mirim Shin, Jacob J. Crouse, Meltem Weger, Sarah McKenna, Naomi R. Wray, Elizabeth M. Scott, Ian B. Hickie, Frédéric Gachon","doi":"10.1038/s44220-025-00472-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44220-025-00472-w","url":null,"abstract":"Insulin resistance is emerging as an early metabolic risk marker in youth with mood disorders. In this Comment, we examine the interplay of insulin resistance, inflammation and circadian disruption that worsens both metabolic symptoms and mood symptoms, highlighting the potential for early integrated interventions.","PeriodicalId":74247,"journal":{"name":"Nature mental health","volume":"3 9","pages":"969-971"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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