Pub Date : 2019-09-20DOI: 10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.9483
A. A. Ben Ramadan, J. Jackson-Thompson, C. Schmaltz
Background Health-related data's users have trouble understanding and interpreting combined statistical and mapping information. This is the second round of a usability study conducted after we modified and simplified our tested maps based on the first round's results. Objective To explore if the tested maps' usability improved by modifying the maps according to the first round's results. Methods We recruited 13 cancer professionals from National American Central Cancer registries (NACCR) 2016 conference. The study involved three phases per participant: A pretest questionnaire, the multi-task usability test, and the System Usability Scale (SUS). Software was used to record the computer screen during the trial and the users' spoken comments. We measured several qualitative and quantitative usability metrics. The study's data was analyzed using spreadsheet software. Results In the current study, unlike the previous round, there was no significant statistical relationship between the subjects' performance on the study test and the experience in GIS tools (P = .17 previously was .03). Three out of the four (75%) of our subjects with a bachelor's degree or less accomplished the given tasks effectively and efficiently. This study developed a comparable satisfaction results to the first round study, despite that the previous round's participants were highly educated and more experienced with GIS. Conclusion By considering the round one's results and by updating our maps, we made the tested maps simpler to be used by subjects who have little experience in using GIS technology, and have little spatial and statistical knowledge.
{"title":"Usability Assessment of the Missouri Cancer Registry's Published Interactive Mapping Reports: Round Two.","authors":"A. A. Ben Ramadan, J. Jackson-Thompson, C. Schmaltz","doi":"10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.9483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.9483","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000Health-related data's users have trouble understanding and interpreting combined statistical and mapping information. This is the second round of a usability study conducted after we modified and simplified our tested maps based on the first round's results.\u0000\u0000\u0000Objective\u0000To explore if the tested maps' usability improved by modifying the maps according to the first round's results.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000We recruited 13 cancer professionals from National American Central Cancer registries (NACCR) 2016 conference. The study involved three phases per participant: A pretest questionnaire, the multi-task usability test, and the System Usability Scale (SUS). Software was used to record the computer screen during the trial and the users' spoken comments. We measured several qualitative and quantitative usability metrics. The study's data was analyzed using spreadsheet software.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000In the current study, unlike the previous round, there was no significant statistical relationship between the subjects' performance on the study test and the experience in GIS tools (P = .17 previously was .03). Three out of the four (75%) of our subjects with a bachelor's degree or less accomplished the given tasks effectively and efficiently. This study developed a comparable satisfaction results to the first round study, despite that the previous round's participants were highly educated and more experienced with GIS.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000By considering the round one's results and by updating our maps, we made the tested maps simpler to be used by subjects who have little experience in using GIS technology, and have little spatial and statistical knowledge.","PeriodicalId":74345,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of public health informatics","volume":"11 2 1","pages":"e3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47655316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-20DOI: 10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.9412
Todd Watkins, M. Popovich, Kristina Crane
Investments over the past two decades to collect and store immunization events established a national population health data asset. The ability to track vaccine usage and storage has increased accountability, lowered wastage, protected valuable resources, and provided the correct vaccines at the right time. Sixty-four immunization registries support the current immunization ecosystem, yet all investments to date have been through state and federal funding. Much of the technology supporting these registries is becoming harder to support, limiting the utilization of the data. For the most part all current systems have legacy 2nd-generation technology and architectures as their foundation Current technology investments in these national assets tend to be for systems that within the next five years will not be cost effectively sustainable with only federal, state and local funding. Yet quality data is being reported by immunization providers across the health care network that is increasing exponentially through electronic data exchanges integrated within Electronic Health Records (EHR) and Pharmacy Management Systems (PMS) This increase in high-quality patient immunization records creates opportunity to build immunization intelligence from the data. However, 2nd-generation Immunization Information Systems (IIS) limit the effective and timely use of this information. Considering the increasing value of the data to public and private sectors working to close immunization care gaps in populations, supporting technology must ensure easy access This is the first of two papers that highlights the power of these national registries and the data they contain to provide opportunity intelligence to the immunization ecosystem user community. Paper one illustrates the "why" for change and the need for a truly community collaborative path forward to move from 2nd- to 3rd-generation systems through partners that leverages cost sharing and common goals The end goal is to establish new supporting technology assets that accelerate the use of data to impact vaccine preventable disease (VPD) outcomes which create a new model for public-private investments to sustain the IIS national infrastructure. The second a working paper with assumptions to be tested ("Model for Sustaining and Investing in Immunization Information Systems"), shares cost and investment strategies to complete the migration and create sustainable immunization systems for the future.
{"title":"A Demand for Data to Improve Outcomes Creates the Why to Move to Third Generation Immunization Information Systems.","authors":"Todd Watkins, M. Popovich, Kristina Crane","doi":"10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.9412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.9412","url":null,"abstract":"Investments over the past two decades to collect and store immunization events established a national population health data asset. The ability to track vaccine usage and storage has increased accountability, lowered wastage, protected valuable resources, and provided the correct vaccines at the right time. Sixty-four immunization registries support the current immunization ecosystem, yet all investments to date have been through state and federal funding. Much of the technology supporting these registries is becoming harder to support, limiting the utilization of the data. For the most part all current systems have legacy 2nd-generation technology and architectures as their foundation Current technology investments in these national assets tend to be for systems that within the next five years will not be cost effectively sustainable with only federal, state and local funding. Yet quality data is being reported by immunization providers across the health care network that is increasing exponentially through electronic data exchanges integrated within Electronic Health Records (EHR) and Pharmacy Management Systems (PMS) This increase in high-quality patient immunization records creates opportunity to build immunization intelligence from the data. However, 2nd-generation Immunization Information Systems (IIS) limit the effective and timely use of this information. Considering the increasing value of the data to public and private sectors working to close immunization care gaps in populations, supporting technology must ensure easy access This is the first of two papers that highlights the power of these national registries and the data they contain to provide opportunity intelligence to the immunization ecosystem user community. Paper one illustrates the \"why\" for change and the need for a truly community collaborative path forward to move from 2nd- to 3rd-generation systems through partners that leverages cost sharing and common goals The end goal is to establish new supporting technology assets that accelerate the use of data to impact vaccine preventable disease (VPD) outcomes which create a new model for public-private investments to sustain the IIS national infrastructure. The second a working paper with assumptions to be tested (\"Model for Sustaining and Investing in Immunization Information Systems\"), shares cost and investment strategies to complete the migration and create sustainable immunization systems for the future.","PeriodicalId":74345,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of public health informatics","volume":"11 2 1","pages":"e16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46448538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-20DOI: 10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.10149
Ali Soleimaninejad, Saeideh Valizadeh-Haghi, S. Rahmatizadeh
Objectives The purpose of current research is to assess the eHealth literacy level in the family caregivers of the elderly with hypertension and type-II diabetes. Methods A total of 160 caregivers completed the eHEALS questionnaire. The effect of participants' gender, education, and age on eHealth literacy was evaluated. For evaluation of the correlation between the accession of health information importance and the internet usefulness for decision-making, Spearman's correlation coefficient was applied. Results The participants eHealth literacy mean score was 26.163(SD=8.83). The age of participants had a meaningful impact on the level of eHealth literacy (t=6.074; P<0.001). Furthermore, among variant education levels in terms of eHealth literacy score significant differences existed (F=5.222; P=0.001). Discussion The family caregivers have a poor level of eHealth literacy. eHealth information is more important for family caregivers with a higher eHealth literacy, which may be due to their higher skills in obtaining health and medical information from the internet. Caregivers' age should be considered once recommending them for the internet using to obtain health information, as the age was an affecting factor. Conclusion Health centers and authorities in charge of the elderly health are recommended to train caregivers with proper skills to use online health information, such that the elderly enjoy the benefits, including improved care conditions and savings in terms of treatment costs and time.
{"title":"Assessing the eHealth literacy skills of family caregivers of medically ill elderly.","authors":"Ali Soleimaninejad, Saeideh Valizadeh-Haghi, S. Rahmatizadeh","doi":"10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.10149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.10149","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives\u0000The purpose of current research is to assess the eHealth literacy level in the family caregivers of the elderly with hypertension and type-II diabetes.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000A total of 160 caregivers completed the eHEALS questionnaire. The effect of participants' gender, education, and age on eHealth literacy was evaluated. For evaluation of the correlation between the accession of health information importance and the internet usefulness for decision-making, Spearman's correlation coefficient was applied.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000The participants eHealth literacy mean score was 26.163(SD=8.83). The age of participants had a meaningful impact on the level of eHealth literacy (t=6.074; P<0.001). Furthermore, among variant education levels in terms of eHealth literacy score significant differences existed (F=5.222; P=0.001).\u0000\u0000\u0000Discussion\u0000The family caregivers have a poor level of eHealth literacy. eHealth information is more important for family caregivers with a higher eHealth literacy, which may be due to their higher skills in obtaining health and medical information from the internet. Caregivers' age should be considered once recommending them for the internet using to obtain health information, as the age was an affecting factor.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000Health centers and authorities in charge of the elderly health are recommended to train caregivers with proper skills to use online health information, such that the elderly enjoy the benefits, including improved care conditions and savings in terms of treatment costs and time.","PeriodicalId":74345,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of public health informatics","volume":"11 2 1","pages":"e12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49207020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-20DOI: 10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.10141
Richmond D Nangsangna, F. D. da-Costa Vroom
Over the years, health care delivery and ways of accessing health information have transformed rapidly through the use of technology. The internet has played a key role in this advancement by serving as an important source of health information to people regardless of their location, language or condition. This cross sectional study was conducted in the Kwahu West Municipal to determine factors influencing online health information seeking behaviours among patients. Three hospitals in the municipality were purposively selected for the study. Outpatients attending these facilities were systematically selected and data was collected using structured interviewer administered questionnaire. The study findings revealed that internet usage rate among patients was 85.8%. However, only 35.7% of patients ever used the internet to access health information. Sex, education and average monthly income were significant factors associated with online health information seeking. The study also showed that, computer and internet experience factors increased the probability of using internet for health information. After adjusting for confounding factors; being employed, earning higher income and owning a computer were positive predictors of online health information seeking. It is important to explore other means of reducing the disparity in information access by improving skill and health literacy among the low social class who cannot afford internet ready devices. Health care providers should recognize that patients are seeking health information from the internet and should be prepared to assist and promote internet user skills among their patients.
{"title":"Factors influencing online health information seeking behaviour among patients in Kwahu West Municipal, Nkawkaw, Ghana.","authors":"Richmond D Nangsangna, F. D. da-Costa Vroom","doi":"10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.10141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.10141","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, health care delivery and ways of accessing health information have transformed rapidly through the use of technology. The internet has played a key role in this advancement by serving as an important source of health information to people regardless of their location, language or condition. This cross sectional study was conducted in the Kwahu West Municipal to determine factors influencing online health information seeking behaviours among patients. Three hospitals in the municipality were purposively selected for the study. Outpatients attending these facilities were systematically selected and data was collected using structured interviewer administered questionnaire. The study findings revealed that internet usage rate among patients was 85.8%. However, only 35.7% of patients ever used the internet to access health information. Sex, education and average monthly income were significant factors associated with online health information seeking. The study also showed that, computer and internet experience factors increased the probability of using internet for health information. After adjusting for confounding factors; being employed, earning higher income and owning a computer were positive predictors of online health information seeking. It is important to explore other means of reducing the disparity in information access by improving skill and health literacy among the low social class who cannot afford internet ready devices. Health care providers should recognize that patients are seeking health information from the internet and should be prepared to assist and promote internet user skills among their patients.","PeriodicalId":74345,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of public health informatics","volume":"11 2 1","pages":"e13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49241822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-20DOI: 10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.10151
Renee M Hendricks
Data mining is a technique for analyzing large amounts of data, in various formats, often called Big Data, in order to gain knowledge about it. The healthcare industry is the next Big Data area of interest as its large variability in patients, their health status and their records which can include image scans, graphical test results, and hand-written physician notes, has been untapped for analysis. In addition to data mining, there is a newer analysis method called process mining. Process mining is similar to data mining in that large data files are reviewed and analyzed, but in this case, event logs specific to a particular process or series of processes, are analyzed. Process mining allows one to understand the initial baseline, determine any bottlenecks or resource constraints, and evaluate a recently implemented change. Process mining was conducted on a hospital event log of patients entering the emergency room with sepsis, to better understand this newer analysis method, to highlight the information discovered, and to determine its role with data mining. Not only did the analysis of the event logs provide process mapping and process analysis, but it also highlighted areas in the clinical operations in need of further investigation, including a possible relationship with patient re-admission and their release method. In addition, the data mining method of creating a histogram, of the process data, was applied, allowing data mining and process mining to be utilized complimentary.
{"title":"Process Mining of Incoming Patients with Sepsis.","authors":"Renee M Hendricks","doi":"10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.10151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.10151","url":null,"abstract":"Data mining is a technique for analyzing large amounts of data, in various formats, often called Big Data, in order to gain knowledge about it. The healthcare industry is the next Big Data area of interest as its large variability in patients, their health status and their records which can include image scans, graphical test results, and hand-written physician notes, has been untapped for analysis. In addition to data mining, there is a newer analysis method called process mining. Process mining is similar to data mining in that large data files are reviewed and analyzed, but in this case, event logs specific to a particular process or series of processes, are analyzed. Process mining allows one to understand the initial baseline, determine any bottlenecks or resource constraints, and evaluate a recently implemented change. Process mining was conducted on a hospital event log of patients entering the emergency room with sepsis, to better understand this newer analysis method, to highlight the information discovered, and to determine its role with data mining. Not only did the analysis of the event logs provide process mapping and process analysis, but it also highlighted areas in the clinical operations in need of further investigation, including a possible relationship with patient re-admission and their release method. In addition, the data mining method of creating a histogram, of the process data, was applied, allowing data mining and process mining to be utilized complimentary.","PeriodicalId":74345,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of public health informatics","volume":"11 2 1","pages":"e14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43605845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-20DOI: 10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.9956
Prestor J Kubalalika
Background Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine in infants (SP-IPTi) is a malaria control strategy which, together with the delivery of routine childhood immunizations, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) was implemented in Lilongwe district of Malawi from September 2008 to November in 2009. A study was performed by Lilongwe District Health Office (DHO) in collaboration with funding from UNICEF to evaluate the safety of SP-IPTi and identify potential new Adverse Events (AEs) spontaneously identified, reported, monitored and evaluated. Methods A cohort event monitoring study was conducted on 15, 000 infants in 4 Health Facilities (HFs) after administration of SP-IPTi to infants during routine immunizations. A total of about 50 Community Health Workers (CHWs) and volunteers were trained in pharmacovigilance and were supervised by senior personnel in all the five HFs.Infants received half tablets of SP immediately after receiving DPT-HepB+Hib (Pentavalent) 2 vaccine / (IPTi 1), Pentavalent 3 / (IPTi 2) at 10 and 14 weeks respectively and Measles vaccines/(IPTi 3) at 9 months. These children were recorded and their mothers were given diary cards with pictures of possible AEs. Community Health Workers (CHWs) and volunteers followed up every child after 10 days of administration/registration to collect the diary cards where parents indicated types of AEs observed on their children as well as starting and end dates of such possible AEs.The indicated AEs were entered into a computer database from all the collected diary cards according to HFs. Possible side effects/AEs that were looked for were; persistent crying, fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, skin rashes, abdominal pains, insomnia, nausea, mouth sores, and itching among other related possible side effects. Results A total of 15,105 children received the IPTi and were followed in all four health facilities. Out of this, 50.3% (7,594) were male while 49.7% (7, 511) were females. Of these, 19.2% [1247], 95% CI (276-304) developed AEs as follows; 42% persistent crying, 28% fever, 18% vomiting, 5.2% skin rashes and 6.8% presented with other minor symptoms while 80.8% (13,858) did not develop any side effect. 43.2% (1254) of those who showed symptoms were IPTi1 recipients, 35.3% (1022) received IPTi2 while 21.5% (624) were from those who received IPTi3. Conclusions This study showed that simultaneous administration of SP-IPTi together with immunizations was a safe strategy for implementation with very minimal serious AEs to infants. In this case therefore, strategies towards strengthening such spontaneous reporting in Malawi should not only be left to service providers but also to beneficiaries or their caregivers.
背景2008年9月至2009年11月，根据世界卫生组织（世界卫生组织）的建议，在马拉维利隆圭地区实施了婴儿用磺胺嘧啶嘧啶间歇性预防治疗（SP-IPTi）和常规儿童免疫接种的疟疾控制策略。利隆圭地区卫生办公室（DHO）与联合国儿童基金会的资助合作进行了一项研究，以评估SP IPTi的安全性，并确定自发识别、报告、监测和评估的潜在新不良事件。方法对4个卫生机构的15000名婴儿进行队列事件监测研究。共有约50名社区卫生工作者（CHW）和志愿者接受了药物警戒培训，并在所有五种HFs的高级人员的监督下进行。婴儿在分别于10周和14周接受DPT-HepB+Hib（五价）2疫苗/（IPTi 1）、五价3/（IPTi 2）和9个月接受麻疹疫苗/（IPT i 3）后立即接受半片SP。这些孩子被记录下来，他们的母亲得到了带有可能AE照片的日记卡。社区卫生工作者（CHW）和志愿者在给药/登记10天后对每个孩子进行随访，收集日记卡，父母在日记卡上注明在孩子身上观察到的不良事件类型以及这些可能的不良事件的开始和结束日期。根据HFs，将所有收集到的日记卡中显示的不良事件输入计算机数据库。可能出现的副作用/不良事件有：；持续哭泣、发烧、呕吐、腹泻、皮疹、腹痛、失眠、恶心、口腔溃疡和瘙痒以及其他相关的可能副作用。结果共有15105名儿童接受了IPTi治疗，并在所有四个卫生机构接受了随访。其中，50.3%（7594）为男性，49.7%（7511）为女性。其中，19.2%[1247]，95%CI（276-304）发生AE，如下所示；42%的患者持续哭泣，28%的患者发烧，18%的患者呕吐，5.2%的患者出现皮疹，6.8%的患者有其他轻微症状，而80.8%（13858）的患者没有出现任何副作用。43.2%（1254）出现症状的人是IPTi1受体，35.3%（1022）接受了IPTi2，21.5%（624）来自接受了IPTi3的人。结论本研究表明，同时给予SP IPTi和免疫接种是一种安全的策略，对婴儿的严重AE非常小。因此，在这种情况下，加强马拉维这种自发报告的战略不仅应留给服务提供者，还应留给受益人或其照顾者。
{"title":"Malaria Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPTi) pharmacovigilance in Malawi: A case of Lilongwe district.","authors":"Prestor J Kubalalika","doi":"10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.9956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.9956","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine in infants (SP-IPTi) is a malaria control strategy which, together with the delivery of routine childhood immunizations, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) was implemented in Lilongwe district of Malawi from September 2008 to November in 2009. A study was performed by Lilongwe District Health Office (DHO) in collaboration with funding from UNICEF to evaluate the safety of SP-IPTi and identify potential new Adverse Events (AEs) spontaneously identified, reported, monitored and evaluated.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000A cohort event monitoring study was conducted on 15, 000 infants in 4 Health Facilities (HFs) after administration of SP-IPTi to infants during routine immunizations. A total of about 50 Community Health Workers (CHWs) and volunteers were trained in pharmacovigilance and were supervised by senior personnel in all the five HFs.Infants received half tablets of SP immediately after receiving DPT-HepB+Hib (Pentavalent) 2 vaccine / (IPTi 1), Pentavalent 3 / (IPTi 2) at 10 and 14 weeks respectively and Measles vaccines/(IPTi 3) at 9 months. These children were recorded and their mothers were given diary cards with pictures of possible AEs. Community Health Workers (CHWs) and volunteers followed up every child after 10 days of administration/registration to collect the diary cards where parents indicated types of AEs observed on their children as well as starting and end dates of such possible AEs.The indicated AEs were entered into a computer database from all the collected diary cards according to HFs. Possible side effects/AEs that were looked for were; persistent crying, fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, skin rashes, abdominal pains, insomnia, nausea, mouth sores, and itching among other related possible side effects.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000A total of 15,105 children received the IPTi and were followed in all four health facilities. Out of this, 50.3% (7,594) were male while 49.7% (7, 511) were females. Of these, 19.2% [1247], 95% CI (276-304) developed AEs as follows; 42% persistent crying, 28% fever, 18% vomiting, 5.2% skin rashes and 6.8% presented with other minor symptoms while 80.8% (13,858) did not develop any side effect. 43.2% (1254) of those who showed symptoms were IPTi1 recipients, 35.3% (1022) received IPTi2 while 21.5% (624) were from those who received IPTi3.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusions\u0000This study showed that simultaneous administration of SP-IPTi together with immunizations was a safe strategy for implementation with very minimal serious AEs to infants. In this case therefore, strategies towards strengthening such spontaneous reporting in Malawi should not only be left to service providers but also to beneficiaries or their caregivers.","PeriodicalId":74345,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of public health informatics","volume":"11 2 1","pages":"e9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41745721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-20DOI: 10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.9998
S. Mierzwa, Samir Souidi, Terrye Conroy, Mohammad Abusyed, Hiroki Watarai, Taammy Allen
This paper will discuss whether bots, particularly chat bots, can be useful in public health research and health or pharmacy systems operations. Bots have been discussed for many years; particularly when coupled with artificial intelligence, they offer the opportunity of automating mundane or error-ridden processes and tasks by replacing human involvement. This paper will discuss areas where there are greater advances in the use of bots, as well as areas that may benefit from the use of bots, and will offer practical ways to get started with bot technology. Several popular bot applications and bot development tools along with practical security considerations will be discussed, and a toolbox that one can begin to use to implement bots will be presented.
{"title":"On the Potential, Feasibility, and Effectiveness of Chat Bots in Public Health Research Going Forward.","authors":"S. Mierzwa, Samir Souidi, Terrye Conroy, Mohammad Abusyed, Hiroki Watarai, Taammy Allen","doi":"10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.9998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.9998","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will discuss whether bots, particularly chat bots, can be useful in public health research and health or pharmacy systems operations. Bots have been discussed for many years; particularly when coupled with artificial intelligence, they offer the opportunity of automating mundane or error-ridden processes and tasks by replacing human involvement. This paper will discuss areas where there are greater advances in the use of bots, as well as areas that may benefit from the use of bots, and will offer practical ways to get started with bot technology. Several popular bot applications and bot development tools along with practical security considerations will be discussed, and a toolbox that one can begin to use to implement bots will be presented.","PeriodicalId":74345,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of public health informatics","volume":"11 2 1","pages":"e4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43234723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-20DOI: 10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.10012
J. Studnicki, D. Reardon, D. Harrison, J. Fisher, I. Skop
BACKGROUND The current measuring metric and reporting methods for assessing maternal mortality are seriously flawed. Evidence-based prevention strategies require consistently reported surveillance data and validated measurement metrics. Main Body: The denominator of live births used in the maternal mortality ratio reinforces the mistaken notion that all maternal deaths are consequent to a live birth and, at the same time, inappropriately inflates the value of the ratio for subpopulations of women with the highest percentage of pregnancies ending in outcomes other than a live birth. Inadequate methods for identifying induced or spontaneous abortion complications assure that most maternal deaths associated with those pregnancy outcomes are unlikely to be attributed. Absent the ability to identify all maternal deaths, and without the ability to differentiate those deaths by specific pregnancy outcomes, existing variations in pregnancy outcome-specific maternal deaths are masked by the use of an aggregated (all outcome) numerator. Under these circumstances, clear and accurate data is not available to inform evidence-based preventive strategies. As the result, algorithms applied for analyzing maternal mortality data may return distorted results Conclusion: Improvement in the effectiveness of maternal mortality surveillance will require: mandatory certification of all fetal losses; linkage of death, birth and all fetal loss (induced and natural) certificates; modification of the structure of the overall maternal mortality ratio to enable pregnancy outcome-specific ratio calculations; development of the appropriate ICD codes which are specific to induced and spontaneous abortions; education for providers on identifying and reporting early pregnancy losses; and, flexible information systems and methods which integrate these capabilities and inform users.
{"title":"Improving the Metrics and Data Reporting for Maternal Mortality: A Challenge to Public Health Surveillance and Effective Prevention.","authors":"J. Studnicki, D. Reardon, D. Harrison, J. Fisher, I. Skop","doi":"10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.10012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.10012","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The current measuring metric and reporting methods for assessing maternal mortality are seriously flawed. Evidence-based prevention strategies require consistently reported surveillance data and validated measurement metrics. Main Body: The denominator of live births used in the maternal mortality ratio reinforces the mistaken notion that all maternal deaths are consequent to a live birth and, at the same time, inappropriately inflates the value of the ratio for subpopulations of women with the highest percentage of pregnancies ending in outcomes other than a live birth. Inadequate methods for identifying induced or spontaneous abortion complications assure that most maternal deaths associated with those pregnancy outcomes are unlikely to be attributed. Absent the ability to identify all maternal deaths, and without the ability to differentiate those deaths by specific pregnancy outcomes, existing variations in pregnancy outcome-specific maternal deaths are masked by the use of an aggregated (all outcome) numerator. Under these circumstances, clear and accurate data is not available to inform evidence-based preventive strategies. As the result, algorithms applied for analyzing maternal mortality data may return distorted results Conclusion: Improvement in the effectiveness of maternal mortality surveillance will require: mandatory certification of all fetal losses; linkage of death, birth and all fetal loss (induced and natural) certificates; modification of the structure of the overall maternal mortality ratio to enable pregnancy outcome-specific ratio calculations; development of the appropriate ICD codes which are specific to induced and spontaneous abortions; education for providers on identifying and reporting early pregnancy losses; and, flexible information systems and methods which integrate these capabilities and inform users.","PeriodicalId":74345,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of public health informatics","volume":"11 2 1","pages":"e17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45867105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-20DOI: 10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.10247
K. Croke, Edward Mensah
Advances in information technology over the last decade offer the opportunity to advance the goals of public health advocates to provide safer and healthier home environments. A call to action in public health informatics is needed to realize the benefits of information technology to support healthy home objectives.
{"title":"An Information Technology Call to Action to Support Healthy Homes.","authors":"K. Croke, Edward Mensah","doi":"10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.10247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.10247","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in information technology over the last decade offer the opportunity to advance the goals of public health advocates to provide safer and healthier home environments. A call to action in public health informatics is needed to realize the benefits of information technology to support healthy home objectives. ","PeriodicalId":74345,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of public health informatics","volume":"11 2 1","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42441516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-20DOI: 10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.10048
Taylor L. Read, Elizabeth White, J. P. Cobb, Perry L. Mar, M. Shanmugam, R. Rocha, Sarah Collins Rossetti
Real time data provided by frontline clinicians could be used to direct immediate resources during a public health emergency and inform increased preparedness for future events. The United States Critical Illness and Injury Trials Group Program for Emergency Preparedness (USCIIT-PREP), a group of expert critical care and emergency medicine physicians at various academic medical centers across the US, aims to enhance the national capability of rapid electronic data collection, along with analysis and dissemination of findings. To achieve these aims, USCIIT-PREP created a process for real-time data capture that relies on a curated and engaged network of clinical providers from various geographical regions to respond to short online "Pulse" queries about healthcare system stress. During a period of three years, five queries were created and distributed. The first two queries were used to develop and validate the data collection infrastructure. Results are reported for the last three queries between June 2015 and March 2016. Response rates consistently ranged from 39% to 42%. Our team demonstrated that our system and processes were ready for creation and rapid dissemination of episodic queries for rapid data collection, transmittal, and analysis through a curated national network of clinician responders during a public health emergency. USCIIT-PREP aims to further increase the response rate through additional engagement efforts within the network, to continue to grow the clinician responder database, and to optimize additional query content.
{"title":"Development of a Process and Infrastructure to Outreach Stakeholders for Capturing Healthcare System Stress in Emergency Response Situations.","authors":"Taylor L. Read, Elizabeth White, J. P. Cobb, Perry L. Mar, M. Shanmugam, R. Rocha, Sarah Collins Rossetti","doi":"10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.10048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v11i2.10048","url":null,"abstract":"Real time data provided by frontline clinicians could be used to direct immediate resources during a public health emergency and inform increased preparedness for future events. The United States Critical Illness and Injury Trials Group Program for Emergency Preparedness (USCIIT-PREP), a group of expert critical care and emergency medicine physicians at various academic medical centers across the US, aims to enhance the national capability of rapid electronic data collection, along with analysis and dissemination of findings. To achieve these aims, USCIIT-PREP created a process for real-time data capture that relies on a curated and engaged network of clinical providers from various geographical regions to respond to short online \"Pulse\" queries about healthcare system stress. During a period of three years, five queries were created and distributed. The first two queries were used to develop and validate the data collection infrastructure. Results are reported for the last three queries between June 2015 and March 2016. Response rates consistently ranged from 39% to 42%. Our team demonstrated that our system and processes were ready for creation and rapid dissemination of episodic queries for rapid data collection, transmittal, and analysis through a curated national network of clinician responders during a public health emergency. USCIIT-PREP aims to further increase the response rate through additional engagement efforts within the network, to continue to grow the clinician responder database, and to optimize additional query content.","PeriodicalId":74345,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of public health informatics","volume":"11 2 1","pages":"e2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47676647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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