João C Filipe, Collin C Ahrens, Margaret Byrne, Giles Hardy, Paul D Rymer
Climate change is shifting temperatures from historical patterns, globally impacting forest composition and resilience. Seed germination is temperature-sensitive, making the persistence of populations and colonization of available habitats vulnerable to warming. This study assessed germination response to temperature in foundation trees in south-western Australia's Mediterranean-type climate forests (Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) and Corymbia calophylla (marri)) to estimate the thermal niche and vulnerability among populations. Seeds from the species' entire distribution were collected from 12 co-occurring populations. Germination thermal niche was investigated using a thermal gradient plate (5-40°C). Five constant temperatures between 9 and 33°C were used to test how the germination niche (1) differs between species, (2) varies among populations, and (3) relates to the climate of origin. Germination response differed among species; jarrah had a lower optimal temperature and thermal limit than marri (To 15.3°C, 21.2°C; ED50 23.4°C, 31°C, respectively). The thermal limit for germination differed among populations within both species, yet only marri showed evidence for adaptation to thermal origins. While marri has the capacity for germination at higher thermal temperatures, jarrah is more vulnerable to global warming exceeding safety margins. This discrepancy is predicted to alter species distributions and forest composition in the future.
{"title":"Germination temperature sensitivity differs between co-occurring tree species and climate origins resulting in contrasting vulnerability to global warming.","authors":"João C Filipe, Collin C Ahrens, Margaret Byrne, Giles Hardy, Paul D Rymer","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change is shifting temperatures from historical patterns, globally impacting forest composition and resilience. Seed germination is temperature-sensitive, making the persistence of populations and colonization of available habitats vulnerable to warming. This study assessed germination response to temperature in foundation trees in south-western Australia's Mediterranean-type climate forests (<i>Eucalyptus marginata</i> (jarrah) and <i>Corymbia calophylla</i> (marri)) to estimate the thermal niche and vulnerability among populations. Seeds from the species' entire distribution were collected from 12 co-occurring populations. Germination thermal niche was investigated using a thermal gradient plate (5-40°C). Five constant temperatures between 9 and 33°C were used to test how the germination niche (1) differs between species, (2) varies among populations, and (3) relates to the climate of origin. Germination response differed among species; jarrah had a lower optimal temperature and thermal limit than marri (<i>T</i> <sub>o</sub> 15.3°C, 21.2°C; ED<sub>50</sub> 23.4°C, 31°C, respectively). The thermal limit for germination differed among populations within both species, yet only marri showed evidence for adaptation to thermal origins. While marri has the capacity for germination at higher thermal temperatures, jarrah is more vulnerable to global warming exceeding safety margins. This discrepancy is predicted to alter species distributions and forest composition in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10290426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9770431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael J Aspinwall, Chris J Blackman, Chelsea Maier, Mark G Tjoelker, Paul D Rymer, Danielle Creek, Jeff Chieppa, Robert J Griffin-Nolan, David T Tissue
Aridity shapes species distributions and plant growth and function worldwide. Yet, plant traits often show complex relationships with aridity, challenging our understanding of aridity as a driver of evolutionary adaptation. We grew nine genotypes of Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. camaldulensis sourced from an aridity gradient together in the field for ~650 days under low and high precipitation treatments. Eucalyptus camaldulesis is considered a phreatophyte (deep-rooted species that utilizes groundwater), so we hypothesized that genotypes from more arid environments would show lower aboveground productivity, higher leaf gas-exchange rates, and greater tolerance/avoidance of dry surface soils (indicated by lower responsiveness) than genotypes from less arid environments. Aridity predicted genotype responses to precipitation, with more arid genotypes showing lower responsiveness to reduced precipitation and dry surface conditions than less arid genotypes. Under low precipitation, genotype net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance increased with home-climate aridity. Across treatments, genotype intrinsic water-use efficiency and osmotic potential declined with increasing aridity while photosynthetic capacity (Rubisco carboxylation and RuBP regeneration) increased with aridity. The observed clinal patterns indicate that E. camaldulensis genotypes from extremely arid environments possess a unique strategy defined by lower responsiveness to dry surface soils, low water-use efficiency, and high photosynthetic capacity. This strategy could be underpinned by deep rooting and could be adaptive under arid conditions where heat avoidance is critical and water demand is high.
{"title":"Aridity drives clinal patterns in leaf traits and responsiveness to precipitation in a broadly distributed Australian tree species.","authors":"Michael J Aspinwall, Chris J Blackman, Chelsea Maier, Mark G Tjoelker, Paul D Rymer, Danielle Creek, Jeff Chieppa, Robert J Griffin-Nolan, David T Tissue","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aridity shapes species distributions and plant growth and function worldwide. Yet, plant traits often show complex relationships with aridity, challenging our understanding of aridity as a driver of evolutionary adaptation. We grew nine genotypes of <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i> subsp. <i>camaldulensis</i> sourced from an aridity gradient together in the field for ~650 days under low and high precipitation treatments. <i>Eucalyptus camaldulesis</i> is considered a phreatophyte (deep-rooted species that utilizes groundwater), so we hypothesized that genotypes from more arid environments would show lower aboveground productivity, higher leaf gas-exchange rates, and greater tolerance/avoidance of dry surface soils (indicated by lower responsiveness) than genotypes from less arid environments. Aridity predicted genotype responses to precipitation, with more arid genotypes showing lower responsiveness to reduced precipitation and dry surface conditions than less arid genotypes. Under low precipitation, genotype net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance increased with home-climate aridity. Across treatments, genotype intrinsic water-use efficiency and osmotic potential declined with increasing aridity while photosynthetic capacity (Rubisco carboxylation and RuBP regeneration) increased with aridity. The observed clinal patterns indicate that <i>E. camaldulensis</i> genotypes from extremely arid environments possess a unique strategy defined by lower responsiveness to dry surface soils, low water-use efficiency, and high photosynthetic capacity. This strategy could be underpinned by deep rooting and could be adaptive under arid conditions where heat avoidance is critical and water demand is high.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10243541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9603190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ji Li, Michael A C Mintgen, Sam D'Haeyer, Anne Helfer, Hilde Nelissen, Dirk Inzé, Stijn Dhondt
As agricultural production is reaching its limits regarding outputs and land use, the need to further improve crop yield is greater than ever. The limited translatability from in vitro lab results into more natural growth conditions in soil remains problematic. Although considerable progress has been made in developing soil-growth assays to tackle this bottleneck, the majority of these assays use pots or whole trays, making them not only space- and resource-intensive, but also hampering the individual treatment of plants. Therefore, we developed a flexible and compact screening system named PhenoWell® in which individual seedlings are grown in wells filled with soil allowing single-plant treatments. The system makes use of an automated image-analysis pipeline that extracts multiple growth parameters from individual seedlings over time, including projected rosette area, relative growth rate, compactness, and stockiness. Macronutrient, hormone, salt, osmotic, and drought stress treatments were tested in the PhenoWell® system. The system is also optimized for maize with results that are consistent with Arabidopsis while different in amplitude. We conclude that the PhenoWell® system enables a high-throughput, precise, and uniform application of a small amount of solution to individually soil-grown plants, which increases the replicability and reduces variability and compound usage.
{"title":"PhenoWell®-A novel screening system for soil-grown plants.","authors":"Ji Li, Michael A C Mintgen, Sam D'Haeyer, Anne Helfer, Hilde Nelissen, Dirk Inzé, Stijn Dhondt","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As agricultural production is reaching its limits regarding outputs and land use, the need to further improve crop yield is greater than ever. The limited translatability from in vitro lab results into more natural growth conditions in soil remains problematic. Although considerable progress has been made in developing soil-growth assays to tackle this bottleneck, the majority of these assays use pots or whole trays, making them not only space- and resource-intensive, but also hampering the individual treatment of plants. Therefore, we developed a flexible and compact screening system named PhenoWell® in which individual seedlings are grown in wells filled with soil allowing single-plant treatments. The system makes use of an automated image-analysis pipeline that extracts multiple growth parameters from individual seedlings over time, including projected rosette area, relative growth rate, compactness, and stockiness. Macronutrient, hormone, salt, osmotic, and drought stress treatments were tested in the PhenoWell® system. The system is also optimized for maize with results that are consistent with Arabidopsis while different in amplitude. We conclude that the PhenoWell® system enables a high-throughput, precise, and uniform application of a small amount of solution to individually soil-grown plants, which increases the replicability and reduces variability and compound usage.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10243540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9603189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dispersal is a key ecological process, but it remains difficult to measure. By recording numbers of dispersed individuals at different distances from the source, one acquires a dispersal gradient. Dispersal gradients contain information on dispersal, but they are influenced by the spatial extent of the source. How can we separate the two contributions to extract knowledge about dispersal? One could use a small, point-like source for which a dispersal gradient represents a dispersal kernel, which quantifies the probability of an individual dispersal event from a source to a destination. However, the validity of this approximation cannot be established before conducting measurements. This represents a key challenge hindering progress in characterization of dispersal. To overcome it, we formulated a theory that incorporates the spatial extent of sources to estimate dispersal kernels from dispersal gradients. Using this theory, we re-analyzed published dispersal gradients for three major plant pathogens. We demonstrated that the three pathogens disperse over substantially shorter distances compared to conventional estimates. This method will allow the researchers to re-analyze a vast number of existing dispersal gradients to improve our knowledge about dispersal. The improved knowledge has potential to advance our understanding of species' range expansions and shifts, and inform management of weeds and diseases in crops.
{"title":"Spatially explicit ecological modeling improves empirical characterization of plant pathogen dispersal.","authors":"Petteri Karisto, Frédéric Suffert, Alexey Mikaberidze","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dispersal is a key ecological process, but it remains difficult to measure. By recording numbers of dispersed individuals at different distances from the source, one acquires a dispersal gradient. Dispersal gradients contain information on dispersal, but they are influenced by the spatial extent of the source. How can we separate the two contributions to extract knowledge about dispersal? One could use a small, point-like source for which a dispersal gradient represents a dispersal kernel, which quantifies the probability of an individual dispersal event from a source to a destination. However, the validity of this approximation cannot be established before conducting measurements. This represents a key challenge hindering progress in characterization of dispersal. To overcome it, we formulated a theory that incorporates the spatial extent of sources to estimate dispersal kernels from dispersal gradients. Using this theory, we re-analyzed published dispersal gradients for three major plant pathogens. We demonstrated that the three pathogens disperse over substantially shorter distances compared to conventional estimates. This method will allow the researchers to re-analyze a vast number of existing dispersal gradients to improve our knowledge about dispersal. The improved knowledge has potential to advance our understanding of species' range expansions and shifts, and inform management of weeds and diseases in crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10243544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9603191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S Holden Jones, Paul B Reed, Bitty A Roy, William F Morris, Megan L DeMarche
Abstract Danthonia californica Bolander (Poaceae)is a native perennial bunchgrass commonly used in the restoration of prairie ecosystems in the western United States. Plants of this species simultaneously produce both chasmogamous (potentially outcrossed) and cleistogamous (obligately self‐fertilized) seeds. Restoration practitioners almost exclusively use chasmogamous seeds for outplanting, which are predicted to perform better in novel environments due to their greater genetic diversity. Meanwhile, cleistogamous seeds may exhibit greater local adaptation to the conditions in which the maternal plant exists. We performed a common garden experiment at two sites in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, to assess the influence of seed type and source population (eight populations from a latitudinal gradient) on seedling emergence and found no evidence of local adaptation for either seed type. Cleistogamous seeds outperformed chasmogamous seeds, regardless of whether seeds were sourced directly from the common gardens (local seeds) or other populations (nonlocal seeds). Furthermore, average seed weight had a strong positive effect on seedling emergence, despite the fact that chasmogamous seeds had significantly greater mass than cleistogamous seeds. At one common garden, we observed that seeds of both types sourced from north of our planting site performed significantly better than local or southern‐sourced seeds. We also found a significant seed type and distance‐dependent interaction, with cleistogamous seedling emergence peaking approximately 125 km from the garden. These results suggest that cleistogamous seeds should be considered for greater use in D. californica restoration.
{"title":"Seed type and origin-dependent seedling emergence patterns in <i>Danthonia californica</i>, a species commonly used in grassland restoration.","authors":"S Holden Jones, Paul B Reed, Bitty A Roy, William F Morris, Megan L DeMarche","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Danthonia californica Bolander (Poaceae)is a native perennial bunchgrass commonly used in the restoration of prairie ecosystems in the western United States. Plants of this species simultaneously produce both chasmogamous (potentially outcrossed) and cleistogamous (obligately self‐fertilized) seeds. Restoration practitioners almost exclusively use chasmogamous seeds for outplanting, which are predicted to perform better in novel environments due to their greater genetic diversity. Meanwhile, cleistogamous seeds may exhibit greater local adaptation to the conditions in which the maternal plant exists. We performed a common garden experiment at two sites in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, to assess the influence of seed type and source population (eight populations from a latitudinal gradient) on seedling emergence and found no evidence of local adaptation for either seed type. Cleistogamous seeds outperformed chasmogamous seeds, regardless of whether seeds were sourced directly from the common gardens (local seeds) or other populations (nonlocal seeds). Furthermore, average seed weight had a strong positive effect on seedling emergence, despite the fact that chasmogamous seeds had significantly greater mass than cleistogamous seeds. At one common garden, we observed that seeds of both types sourced from north of our planting site performed significantly better than local or southern‐sourced seeds. We also found a significant seed type and distance‐dependent interaction, with cleistogamous seedling emergence peaking approximately 125 km from the garden. These results suggest that cleistogamous seeds should be considered for greater use in D. californica restoration.","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10243543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9597326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial communities play multiple functional roles in soil that have positive and negative feedbacks on plant health. However, relatively few studies have focused on the ecology of soil bacterial communities in commercial strawberry production systems. The objective of this study was to determine if ecological processes influencing soil bacterial communities are consistent among commercial strawberry production locations and plots within the same geographic region. Soil samples were collected using a spatially explicit design from three plots in two commercial strawberry production locations in the Salinas Valley region of California. Soil carbon, nitrogen, and pH were measured for each of the 72 soil samples and bacterial communities were characterized using 16 S rRNA sequencing. Multivariate analyses showed bacterial community composition was differentiated between the two strawberry production locations. Analyses of communities within plots demonstrated soil pH and nitrogen were significant predictors of bacterial community composition in one of the three sampled plots. Bacterial communities displayed spatial structure in two plots at one location based on a significant increase in community dissimilarity with increasing spatial distance. Null model analyses identified a lack of phylogenetic turnover among bacterial communities in all plots, but a greater frequency of dispersal limitation in the two plots where spatial structure was also observed. Overall, this work suggests that ecological factors influencing soil bacterial communities are not consistent among different strawberry production locations or plots which may impact the ability to predict or manage the effect of soil microbiomes on strawberry health.
{"title":"Soil bacterial communities are influenced by soil chemical characteristics and dispersal limitation in commercial strawberry production systems.","authors":"Nicholas LeBlanc, Samantha Gebben","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial communities play multiple functional roles in soil that have positive and negative feedbacks on plant health. However, relatively few studies have focused on the ecology of soil bacterial communities in commercial strawberry production systems. The objective of this study was to determine if ecological processes influencing soil bacterial communities are consistent among commercial strawberry production locations and plots within the same geographic region. Soil samples were collected using a spatially explicit design from three plots in two commercial strawberry production locations in the Salinas Valley region of California. Soil carbon, nitrogen, and pH were measured for each of the 72 soil samples and bacterial communities were characterized using 16 S rRNA sequencing. Multivariate analyses showed bacterial community composition was differentiated between the two strawberry production locations. Analyses of communities within plots demonstrated soil pH and nitrogen were significant predictors of bacterial community composition in one of the three sampled plots. Bacterial communities displayed spatial structure in two plots at one location based on a significant increase in community dissimilarity with increasing spatial distance. Null model analyses identified a lack of phylogenetic turnover among bacterial communities in all plots, but a greater frequency of dispersal limitation in the two plots where spatial structure was also observed. Overall, this work suggests that ecological factors influencing soil bacterial communities are not consistent among different strawberry production locations or plots which may impact the ability to predict or manage the effect of soil microbiomes on strawberry health.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9595758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jolanta Rieksta, Tao Li, Cleo L Davie-Martin, Laurids Christian Brogaard Aeppli, Toke Thomas Høye, Riikka Rinnan
Plants release a complex blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in response to stressors. VOC emissions vary between contrasting environments and increase with insect herbivory and rising temperatures. However, the joint effects of herbivory and warming on plant VOC emissions are understudied, particularly in high latitudes, which are warming fast and facing increasing herbivore pressure. We assessed the individual and combined effects of chemically mimicked insect herbivory, warming, and elevation on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa) VOC emissions in high-latitude tundra ecosystems in Narsarsuaq, South Greenland. We hypothesized that VOC emissions and compositions would respond synergistically to warming and herbivory, with the magnitude differing between elevations. Warming increased emissions of green leaf volatiles (GLVs) and isoprene. Herbivory increased the homoterpene, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, emissions, and the response was stronger at high elevation. Warming and herbivory had synergistic effects on GLV emissions. Dwarf birch emitted VOCs at similar rates at both elevations, but the VOC blends differed between elevations. Several herbivory-associated VOC groups did not respond to herbivory. Harsher abiotic conditions at high elevations might not limit VOC emissions from dwarf birch, and high-elevation plants might be better at herbivory defense than assumed. The complexity of VOC responses to experimental warming, elevation, and herbivory are challenging our understanding and predictions of future VOC emissions from dwarf birch-dominated ecosystems.
{"title":"Volatile responses of dwarf birch to mimicked insect herbivory and experimental warming at two elevations in Greenlandic tundra.","authors":"Jolanta Rieksta, Tao Li, Cleo L Davie-Martin, Laurids Christian Brogaard Aeppli, Toke Thomas Høye, Riikka Rinnan","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants release a complex blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in response to stressors. VOC emissions vary between contrasting environments and increase with insect herbivory and rising temperatures. However, the joint effects of herbivory and warming on plant VOC emissions are understudied, particularly in high latitudes, which are warming fast and facing increasing herbivore pressure. We assessed the individual and combined effects of chemically mimicked insect herbivory, warming, and elevation on dwarf birch (<i>Betula glandulosa</i>) VOC emissions in high-latitude tundra ecosystems in Narsarsuaq, South Greenland. We hypothesized that VOC emissions and compositions would respond synergistically to warming and herbivory, with the magnitude differing between elevations. Warming increased emissions of green leaf volatiles (GLVs) and isoprene. Herbivory increased the homoterpene, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, emissions, and the response was stronger at high elevation. Warming and herbivory had synergistic effects on GLV emissions. Dwarf birch emitted VOCs at similar rates at both elevations, but the VOC blends differed between elevations. Several herbivory-associated VOC groups did not respond to herbivory. Harsher abiotic conditions at high elevations might not limit VOC emissions from dwarf birch, and high-elevation plants might be better at herbivory defense than assumed. The complexity of VOC responses to experimental warming, elevation, and herbivory are challenging our understanding and predictions of future VOC emissions from dwarf birch-dominated ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9645610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through crosstalk, FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE 2 (FLS2) and RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (RBOHD) are involved in regulating the homeostasis of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are linked to the metabolic response of plants toward both biotic and abiotic stress. In the present study, we examined the metabolome of Arabidopsis seedlings under drought and salt conditions to better understand the potential role of FLS2 and RBOHD-dependent signaling in the regulation of abiotic stress response. We identified common metabolites and genes that are regulated by FLS2 and RBOHD, and are involved in the response to drought and salt stress. Under drought conditions, D-aspartic acid and the expression of associated genes, such as ASPARAGINE SYNTHASE 2 (ASN2), increased in both fls2 and robed/f double mutants. The accumulation of amino acids, carbohydrates, and hormones, such as L-proline, D-ribose, and indoleacetaldehyde increased in both fls2 and rbohd/f double mutants under salt conditions, as did the expression of related genes, such as PROLINE IMINOPEPTIDASE, PHOSPHORIBOSYL PYROPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 5, and NITRILASE 3. Collectively, these results indicate that the FLS2-RBOHD module regulates plant response to drought and salt stress through ROS signaling by adjusting the accumulation of metabolites and expression of genes related to metabolite synthesis.
{"title":"FLS2-RBOHD module regulates changes in the metabolome of <i>Arabidopsis</i> in response to abiotic stress.","authors":"Xiaole Yu, Zhixin Liu, Aizhi Qin, Yaping Zhou, Zihao Zhao, Jincheng Yang, Mengke Hu, Hao Liu, Yumeng Liu, Susu Sun, Yixin Zhang, Masood Jan, George Bawa, Xuwu Sun","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Through crosstalk, FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE 2 (FLS2) and RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (RBOHD) are involved in regulating the homeostasis of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are linked to the metabolic response of plants toward both biotic and abiotic stress. In the present study, we examined the metabolome of <i>Arabidopsis</i> seedlings under drought and salt conditions to better understand the potential role of FLS2 and RBOHD-dependent signaling in the regulation of abiotic stress response. We identified common metabolites and genes that are regulated by FLS2 and RBOHD, and are involved in the response to drought and salt stress. Under drought conditions, D-aspartic acid and the expression of associated genes, such as <i>ASPARAGINE SYNTHASE 2</i> (<i>ASN2</i>), increased in both <i>fls2</i> and <i>robed/f</i> double mutants. The accumulation of amino acids, carbohydrates, and hormones, such as L-proline, D-ribose, and indoleacetaldehyde increased in both <i>fls2</i> and <i>rbohd/f</i> double mutants under salt conditions, as did the expression of related genes, such as <i>PROLINE IMINOPEPTIDASE</i>, <i>PHOSPHORIBOSYL PYROPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 5</i>, and <i>NITRILASE 3</i>. Collectively, these results indicate that the FLS2-RBOHD module regulates plant response to drought and salt stress through ROS signaling by adjusting the accumulation of metabolites and expression of genes related to metabolite synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9592712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Editorial Board of PlantEnvironment Interactions (PEI) is happy to announce a new article category called Methods and Techniques. PEI is still a young journal, although we have now published two full volumes (in 2021 and 2022). Over these past 2 years, we have recognized that some submitted studies may not be focused primarily on a research question or hypothesis, but instead they may be describing the invention, development, or improvement of methodological approaches or equipment that can be used to better understand how plants interact with the abiotic and biotic environment. In response to this, in 2023, we will be launching Methods and Techniques as an article category that the authors can choose on submission of their manuscripts. The guidelines for preparation of manuscripts to be considered under Methods and Techniques will be the same as those for research articles, with the same limit on total number of figures and tables combined (maximum of 10). However, the structure of Methods and Techniques does not have to adhere to the traditional Introduction— Methods— Results— Discussion format of research articles. Manuscripts submitted under this new category should still have an abstract and will need to provide evidence that the new methods/ equipment work as intended. This evidence can involve comparison with other established approaches, presentation of statistical analyses that quantify precision, accuracy and/or repeatability, and visual aids, depending on the method and its applications. In the interest of transparency and reproducible sound science, we also ask that where new protocols, workflows. or equipment are described, all details are made available at submission that would be needed by a third party to reproduce the method. This may include design plans, programming code, or detailed lab protocols, and these details can be submitted as supplementary materials for review. Finally, as with all other article categories in our journal, Methods and Techniques submissions need to involve interactions between plants and their abiotic or biotic environment for us to consider the submission for publication. As an openaccess journal, PEI is an ideal venue for publication of studies introducing new or improved methodologies, because there is great potential for those new approaches to reach and be used by a wide range of plant and environmental scientists across the globe. We look forward to receiving and reading your Methods and Techniques submissions soon.
{"title":"<i>Methods and Techniques</i>-A new article category for <i>Plant-Environment Interactions</i>.","authors":"Wayne Dawson","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10103","url":null,"abstract":"The Editorial Board of PlantEnvironment Interactions (PEI) is happy to announce a new article category called Methods and Techniques. PEI is still a young journal, although we have now published two full volumes (in 2021 and 2022). Over these past 2 years, we have recognized that some submitted studies may not be focused primarily on a research question or hypothesis, but instead they may be describing the invention, development, or improvement of methodological approaches or equipment that can be used to better understand how plants interact with the abiotic and biotic environment. In response to this, in 2023, we will be launching Methods and Techniques as an article category that the authors can choose on submission of their manuscripts. The guidelines for preparation of manuscripts to be considered under Methods and Techniques will be the same as those for research articles, with the same limit on total number of figures and tables combined (maximum of 10). However, the structure of Methods and Techniques does not have to adhere to the traditional Introduction— Methods— Results— Discussion format of research articles. Manuscripts submitted under this new category should still have an abstract and will need to provide evidence that the new methods/ equipment work as intended. This evidence can involve comparison with other established approaches, presentation of statistical analyses that quantify precision, accuracy and/or repeatability, and visual aids, depending on the method and its applications. In the interest of transparency and reproducible sound science, we also ask that where new protocols, workflows. or equipment are described, all details are made available at submission that would be needed by a third party to reproduce the method. This may include design plans, programming code, or detailed lab protocols, and these details can be submitted as supplementary materials for review. Finally, as with all other article categories in our journal, Methods and Techniques submissions need to involve interactions between plants and their abiotic or biotic environment for us to consider the submission for publication. As an openaccess journal, PEI is an ideal venue for publication of studies introducing new or improved methodologies, because there is great potential for those new approaches to reach and be used by a wide range of plant and environmental scientists across the globe. We look forward to receiving and reading your Methods and Techniques submissions soon.","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9645607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethiopia is the leading wheat producer in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the productivity has increased in the last few years. There is also a potential for irrigated wheat production in the lowlands, even though its cultivation is at infant stage. The experiment was conducted in the Oromia region at nine locations in 2021 with irrigation. The study aimed to select high yielding and stable bread wheat variety/ies for lowland areas. Twelve released bread wheat varieties were tested using randomized complete block design with two replications. Environment had the largest effect, 76.5% of total variability, while genotypes 5.0% and GE interaction 18.5% explained total sum of squares. The average grain yield of varieties across locations ranged from the lowest 1.40 t ha-1 at Girja to the highest 6.55 t ha-1 at Daro Labu, with a grand mean of 3.14 t ha-1. The result showed that varieties released for irrigated areas, Fentale 1, Ardi, and Fentale 2, were ranked the top three based on overall environment mean grain yield. The first and second principal component account 45.5% and 24.7% of the genotype by environment interaction (G × E), respectively, explained 70.2% of the total variation. Daro Lebu and Bedeno were the most productive environment, while Girja was the least productive of irrigated bread wheat for lowlands of the Oromia region. Genotype Selection Index (GSI) showed that varieties Fentale 2, Fentale 1, Pavon 76, and ETBW9578 are stable and high yielding. Based on AMMI and GGE biplot analysis, Girja indicated the most discriminating area and Sewena as representative environment for selecting wide adaptable irrigated lowland varieties. The results of the present study indicated that Fentale 2 and Fentale 1 showed better yield stability across all test environments, therefore, these bread wheat varieties are recommended for wide cultivation in irrigated areas of the Oromia region.
埃塞俄比亚是撒哈拉以南非洲地区的主要小麦生产国,其产量在过去几年中有所提高。在低地也有灌溉小麦生产的潜力,尽管它的种植还处于初级阶段。该试验于2021年在奥罗米亚地区的9个地点进行,并进行了灌溉。本研究旨在筛选低洼地区高产稳定的面包小麦品种。采用2个重复的随机完全区组设计对12个已发布的面包小麦品种进行试验。环境对总变异的影响最大,为76.5%,基因型和基因互作对总变异的影响分别为5.0%和18.5%。各地区品种平均粮食产量最低的是吉佳的1.40 t ha-1,最高的是达罗拉布的6.55 t ha-1,均数为3.14 t ha-1。结果表明:灌区投放品种芬塔勒1号、阿尔迪和芬塔勒2号在总体环境平均粮食产量上排名前三位;第一主成分占环境互作基因型的45.5%,第二主成分占环境互作基因型的24.7%,占总变异的70.2%。Daro Lebu和Bedeno是产量最高的环境,而Girja是奥罗米亚地区低地灌溉面包小麦产量最低的环境。基因型选择指数(GSI)表明,Fentale 2、Fentale 1、Pavon 76和ETBW9578是稳定高产品种。基于AMMI和GGE双标图分析,Girja是最具鉴别性的地区,Sewena是选择适应性较广的灌溉低地品种的代表性环境。本研究结果表明,芬泰尔2号和芬泰尔1号在所有试验环境下均表现出较好的产量稳定性,因此推荐在奥罗米亚灌区广泛种植这些面包小麦品种。
{"title":"Genotype × environment interaction of lowland bread wheat varieties for irrigation in different areas of Oromia.","authors":"Tilahun Bayissa, Girma Mengistu, Geleta Gerema, Urgaya Balcha, Hailu Feyisa, Aliyi Kedir, Zeleke Legese, Desu Asegid, Tesfaye Leta, Tafa Jobe","doi":"10.1002/pei3.10097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ethiopia is the leading wheat producer in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the productivity has increased in the last few years. There is also a potential for irrigated wheat production in the lowlands, even though its cultivation is at infant stage. The experiment was conducted in the Oromia region at nine locations in 2021 with irrigation. The study aimed to select high yielding and stable bread wheat variety/ies for lowland areas. Twelve released bread wheat varieties were tested using randomized complete block design with two replications. Environment had the largest effect, 76.5% of total variability, while genotypes 5.0% and GE interaction 18.5% explained total sum of squares. The average grain yield of varieties across locations ranged from the lowest 1.40 t ha<sup>-1</sup> at Girja to the highest 6.55 t ha<sup>-1</sup> at Daro Labu, with a grand mean of 3.14 t ha<sup>-1</sup>. The result showed that varieties released for irrigated areas, Fentale 1, Ardi, and Fentale 2, were ranked the top three based on overall environment mean grain yield. The first and second principal component account 45.5% and 24.7% of the genotype by environment interaction (G × E), respectively, explained 70.2% of the total variation. Daro Lebu and Bedeno were the most productive environment, while Girja was the least productive of irrigated bread wheat for lowlands of the Oromia region. Genotype Selection Index (GSI) showed that varieties Fentale 2, Fentale 1, Pavon 76, and ETBW9578 are stable and high yielding. Based on AMMI and GGE biplot analysis, Girja indicated the most discriminating area and Sewena as representative environment for selecting wide adaptable irrigated lowland varieties. The results of the present study indicated that Fentale 2 and Fentale 1 showed better yield stability across all test environments, therefore, these bread wheat varieties are recommended for wide cultivation in irrigated areas of the Oromia region.</p>","PeriodicalId":74457,"journal":{"name":"Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9645606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}