Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1097/PN9.0000000000000033
Qinyue Wang, Dan Li, Jingtao Sun, Jiai Yan, Yingyu Wang, Ju Yang, Feng Zhang
Cancer-associated malnutrition (CAM) is a great threat to the survive and life quality of patients with cancer. Several mechanisms have been elucidated in the occurrence and development of CAM. In recent decades, roles of the disordered gut microbiota in the malignant tumor and the malnutrition drew more and more attention. However, study on the correlation between gut microbiota with CAM still remains in its infancy. This review demonstrates the trigger for the CAM resulting from the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota induced by the nutrition deficiency or excess and the alleviation of CAM by the modulation of the gut microbiota. The underlying mechanisms of the gut microbiota in the aggravation or amelioration of CAM are also discussed. Further study is still warranted in the roles of the gut microbiota in the influence of CAM.
{"title":"Gut microbiota and cancer-associated malnutrition","authors":"Qinyue Wang, Dan Li, Jingtao Sun, Jiai Yan, Yingyu Wang, Ju Yang, Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PN9.0000000000000033","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer-associated malnutrition (CAM) is a great threat to the survive and life quality of patients with cancer. Several mechanisms have been elucidated in the occurrence and development of CAM. In recent decades, roles of the disordered gut microbiota in the malignant tumor and the malnutrition drew more and more attention. However, study on the correlation between gut microbiota with CAM still remains in its infancy. This review demonstrates the trigger for the CAM resulting from the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota induced by the nutrition deficiency or excess and the alleviation of CAM by the modulation of the gut microbiota. The underlying mechanisms of the gut microbiota in the aggravation or amelioration of CAM are also discussed. Further study is still warranted in the roles of the gut microbiota in the influence of CAM.","PeriodicalId":74488,"journal":{"name":"Precision nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":"e00033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45099156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1097/PN9.0000000000000029
Lei Hao, Z. Chai
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent liver disease in Western nations. NAFLD is characterized by intrahepatic fat accumulation (first “hit”) and can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by the second “hit,” such as free fatty acid lipotoxicity, and oxidative stress. It is believed that multifactorial complex interactions between diet, lifestyle, gut microbiota, and genetic background determine the development of NAFLD. Currently, the management of NAFLD is based on lifestyle modification, such as diet and physical activity, and pharmacological intervention. As the understanding of NAFLD pathophysiology furthers, some interesting novel approaches to treating NAFLD are emerging, such as antioxidants and probiotics. This review is focused on the pathogenesis of NAFLD and potential therapeutic approaches to treat the disease.
{"title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathogenesis and intervention","authors":"Lei Hao, Z. Chai","doi":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PN9.0000000000000029","url":null,"abstract":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent liver disease in Western nations. NAFLD is characterized by intrahepatic fat accumulation (first “hit”) and can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by the second “hit,” such as free fatty acid lipotoxicity, and oxidative stress. It is believed that multifactorial complex interactions between diet, lifestyle, gut microbiota, and genetic background determine the development of NAFLD. Currently, the management of NAFLD is based on lifestyle modification, such as diet and physical activity, and pharmacological intervention. As the understanding of NAFLD pathophysiology furthers, some interesting novel approaches to treating NAFLD are emerging, such as antioxidants and probiotics. This review is focused on the pathogenesis of NAFLD and potential therapeutic approaches to treat the disease.","PeriodicalId":74488,"journal":{"name":"Precision nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":"e00029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47829271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1097/PN9.0000000000000031
J. Cui, Yudi Liu, Fan Li, W. Zhuo, Lan Huang, Chuan Xu, Wei Li, Jianyong Qin, Xuejun Sun, H. Tian, Tingting Liang, Ping-An Chen, Bo Chen, Qiuyan Liu, J. Ying, Ningning Li, An-ping Zhang, Yang Yu, Zhi-Feng Zhou, Xiu-Dong Wu, Xiao‐Kai Guo, Lingdi Zhao, Junya Zhai, Zhao-yang Yang, J. Yang, Xia Li, Yong Li, Guo-en Liu, Guo-rui Sun, Zhenguo Han, Xiaojun Yang, Wei Cui, F. Chen, Yuehua Wu, Liang Liu, Gui-Rong Li, Jing Dai, Zheng Zhao, B. Zhao, Xiaoyan Kuang, Xinfeng Zhou, Y. Tan, Han-ping Shi
Background: Malnutrition in patients with malignant tumors caused by the tumor or related treatment is a significant problem in clinical practice. “Cancer immunonutrition” therapy improves patients’ nutritional condition and immune function. It uses specific nutrients to improve the nutritional status of patients with cancer and regulates the body’s immune and inflammatory responses. To date, cancer immunonutrition has been used in surgery, chemoradiotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), treatment of tumor complications, and other fields. Therefore, we aimed to develop rigorous and detailed evidence-based practice guidelines for cancer immunonutrition therapy. Methods: The guideline strictly followed the latest guidelines from the Institution of Medicine and was constructed according to the World Health Organization handbook for guideline development. It was written according to the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in Healthcare criteria. The quality of evidence and strength of the recommendations were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method. Results: Twenty-three recommendations were formulated regarding surgery, chemoradiotherapy, HSCT, treatment of tumor complications, and other fields. Conclusions: We developed clinical practice guidelines for cancer immunonutrition therapy based on the latest evidence-based practice to provide more comprehensive and detailed advice to healthcare providers. This guideline broadens the application scope of immunonutrition therapy for cancer and promotes its standardized application in clinical practice.
{"title":"Evidence-based guideline on immunonutrition in patients with cancer","authors":"J. Cui, Yudi Liu, Fan Li, W. Zhuo, Lan Huang, Chuan Xu, Wei Li, Jianyong Qin, Xuejun Sun, H. Tian, Tingting Liang, Ping-An Chen, Bo Chen, Qiuyan Liu, J. Ying, Ningning Li, An-ping Zhang, Yang Yu, Zhi-Feng Zhou, Xiu-Dong Wu, Xiao‐Kai Guo, Lingdi Zhao, Junya Zhai, Zhao-yang Yang, J. Yang, Xia Li, Yong Li, Guo-en Liu, Guo-rui Sun, Zhenguo Han, Xiaojun Yang, Wei Cui, F. Chen, Yuehua Wu, Liang Liu, Gui-Rong Li, Jing Dai, Zheng Zhao, B. Zhao, Xiaoyan Kuang, Xinfeng Zhou, Y. Tan, Han-ping Shi","doi":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PN9.0000000000000031","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malnutrition in patients with malignant tumors caused by the tumor or related treatment is a significant problem in clinical practice. “Cancer immunonutrition” therapy improves patients’ nutritional condition and immune function. It uses specific nutrients to improve the nutritional status of patients with cancer and regulates the body’s immune and inflammatory responses. To date, cancer immunonutrition has been used in surgery, chemoradiotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), treatment of tumor complications, and other fields. Therefore, we aimed to develop rigorous and detailed evidence-based practice guidelines for cancer immunonutrition therapy. Methods: The guideline strictly followed the latest guidelines from the Institution of Medicine and was constructed according to the World Health Organization handbook for guideline development. It was written according to the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in Healthcare criteria. The quality of evidence and strength of the recommendations were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method. Results: Twenty-three recommendations were formulated regarding surgery, chemoradiotherapy, HSCT, treatment of tumor complications, and other fields. Conclusions: We developed clinical practice guidelines for cancer immunonutrition therapy based on the latest evidence-based practice to provide more comprehensive and detailed advice to healthcare providers. This guideline broadens the application scope of immunonutrition therapy for cancer and promotes its standardized application in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":74488,"journal":{"name":"Precision nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":"e00031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48367168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objective: The prospective relationship between serum albumin and new-onset hyperuricemia is still uncertain. Our current study aimed to examine the association between serum albumin and new-onset hyperuricemia among participants with hypertension, and to explore the potential factors that might modify the association. Methods: This study included 10,617 hypertensive patients with normal uric acid (UA) concentrations (<357 μmol/L) at baseline from the UA Substudy of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT). The primary study outcome was new-onset hyperuricemia, which was defined as a UA concentration at the exit visit ≥357 μmol/L in women or ≥417 μmol/L in men. Results: During the median follow-up duration of 4.4 years, 1664 (15.7%) new-onset hyperuricemia cases were documented. Overall, there was a significantly inverse relation of serum albumin with risk of new-onset hyperuricemia (per SD increment; odds ratio [OR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70, 0.79). Consistently, when serum albumin was evaluated as quartiles, compared with participants in the first quartile (<46.1 g/L), a significantly lower risk of new-onset hyperuricemia was observed among those in the fourth quartile (≥51.7 g/L; OR, 0.55; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.65). The findings were consistent among participants with different baseline characteristics. Conclusions: There was a significantly inverse association between serum albumin and risk of new-onset hyperuricemia in adults with hypertension.
{"title":"Association between serum albumin and new-onset hyperuricemia among participants with hypertension","authors":"Chun Zhou, Rui Li, Shaojie Zhang, Qinqin Li, P. He, Zhuxian Zhang, Mengyi Liu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Huan Li, Chengzhang Liu, Bin-yan Wang, X. Qin","doi":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PN9.0000000000000027","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The prospective relationship between serum albumin and new-onset hyperuricemia is still uncertain. Our current study aimed to examine the association between serum albumin and new-onset hyperuricemia among participants with hypertension, and to explore the potential factors that might modify the association. Methods: This study included 10,617 hypertensive patients with normal uric acid (UA) concentrations (<357 μmol/L) at baseline from the UA Substudy of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT). The primary study outcome was new-onset hyperuricemia, which was defined as a UA concentration at the exit visit ≥357 μmol/L in women or ≥417 μmol/L in men. Results: During the median follow-up duration of 4.4 years, 1664 (15.7%) new-onset hyperuricemia cases were documented. Overall, there was a significantly inverse relation of serum albumin with risk of new-onset hyperuricemia (per SD increment; odds ratio [OR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70, 0.79). Consistently, when serum albumin was evaluated as quartiles, compared with participants in the first quartile (<46.1 g/L), a significantly lower risk of new-onset hyperuricemia was observed among those in the fourth quartile (≥51.7 g/L; OR, 0.55; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.65). The findings were consistent among participants with different baseline characteristics. Conclusions: There was a significantly inverse association between serum albumin and risk of new-onset hyperuricemia in adults with hypertension.","PeriodicalId":74488,"journal":{"name":"Precision nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":"e00027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44714805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1097/PN9.0000000000000028
Mingming Zhou, Hongxia Xu, Jiuwei Cui, Kunhua Wang, M. Weng, Zengqing Guo, Qinghua Yao, F. Zhou, Ming Liu, Chunling Zhou, Y. Ba, Zhikang Chen, Hu-sai Ma, Tao Li, M. Cong, Suyi Li, Xian Wu, Zengning Li, Qingchuan Zhao, Qiuge Qiao, Yong Feng, Wei Li, Hanping Shi, C. Song
Objective: We explored the malnutrition status of Chinese malignancy inpatients from 2014 to 2021 and analyzed the trends in the rates or ratios of various nutrition-related indicators in oncology patients over 8 years. Methods: A total of 34,878 oncology patients admitted to hospitals from 2014 to 2021 were enrolled (INSCOC study). Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) were used to screen patients for nutritional risk and assess their nutritional status, and nutritional therapy data was gathered. Results: From 2014 to 2021, there was an overall decreasing trend in the prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition among oncology inpatients (χ2trend = 108.154, P < 0.001; χ2trend = 70.230, P < 0.001), with malnutrition in patients falling from 68.1% in 2014–2015 to 57.2% in 2020–2021, while malnutrition rates in patients with cervical cancer and malignant lymphoma are gradually increasing. The overall rate of total nutritional therapy for patients is on the rise (χ2trend = 67.548, P < 0.001), increasing from 39.4% (2014–2015) to 44.7% (2020–2021). A trend of rising and then falling rate of parenteral nutrition therapy was observed in patients, whereas the rate of enteral nutrition therapy grew annually (P for trend < 0.001). Nutritional therapy rates for malnourished patients are on an increasing trend, a slight increase, however, remains for well-nourished patients (P for trend < 0.001). Moreover, the prevalence in elderly oncology patients (≥60 years) also showed a downward trend in both nutritional risk and malnutrition (χ2trend = 38.897, P < 0.001; χ2trend = 75.616, P < 0.001), but malnutrition rates were higher in elderly patients than in individuals under 60 years at different years (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The great majority of patients with malignancy have a significantly decreased prevalence of nutritional risk or malnutrition from 2014 to 2021, and the rate of nutritional therapy is on the rise. However, the nutritional status of individuals with cervical cancer and malignant lymphoma remains poor. The problem of malnutrition remains prominent in elderly patients despite improvements in their nutritional status.
{"title":"Variation trends of malnutrition status among malignancy inpatients in China from 2014 to 2021","authors":"Mingming Zhou, Hongxia Xu, Jiuwei Cui, Kunhua Wang, M. Weng, Zengqing Guo, Qinghua Yao, F. Zhou, Ming Liu, Chunling Zhou, Y. Ba, Zhikang Chen, Hu-sai Ma, Tao Li, M. Cong, Suyi Li, Xian Wu, Zengning Li, Qingchuan Zhao, Qiuge Qiao, Yong Feng, Wei Li, Hanping Shi, C. Song","doi":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PN9.0000000000000028","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: We explored the malnutrition status of Chinese malignancy inpatients from 2014 to 2021 and analyzed the trends in the rates or ratios of various nutrition-related indicators in oncology patients over 8 years. Methods: A total of 34,878 oncology patients admitted to hospitals from 2014 to 2021 were enrolled (INSCOC study). Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) were used to screen patients for nutritional risk and assess their nutritional status, and nutritional therapy data was gathered. Results: From 2014 to 2021, there was an overall decreasing trend in the prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition among oncology inpatients (χ2trend = 108.154, P < 0.001; χ2trend = 70.230, P < 0.001), with malnutrition in patients falling from 68.1% in 2014–2015 to 57.2% in 2020–2021, while malnutrition rates in patients with cervical cancer and malignant lymphoma are gradually increasing. The overall rate of total nutritional therapy for patients is on the rise (χ2trend = 67.548, P < 0.001), increasing from 39.4% (2014–2015) to 44.7% (2020–2021). A trend of rising and then falling rate of parenteral nutrition therapy was observed in patients, whereas the rate of enteral nutrition therapy grew annually (P for trend < 0.001). Nutritional therapy rates for malnourished patients are on an increasing trend, a slight increase, however, remains for well-nourished patients (P for trend < 0.001). Moreover, the prevalence in elderly oncology patients (≥60 years) also showed a downward trend in both nutritional risk and malnutrition (χ2trend = 38.897, P < 0.001; χ2trend = 75.616, P < 0.001), but malnutrition rates were higher in elderly patients than in individuals under 60 years at different years (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The great majority of patients with malignancy have a significantly decreased prevalence of nutritional risk or malnutrition from 2014 to 2021, and the rate of nutritional therapy is on the rise. However, the nutritional status of individuals with cervical cancer and malignant lymphoma remains poor. The problem of malnutrition remains prominent in elderly patients despite improvements in their nutritional status.","PeriodicalId":74488,"journal":{"name":"Precision nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":"e00028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44984750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1097/PN9.0000000000000032
Jiawei Zheng, Wujian Liu, Jun‐dong Zhu
Background: Many studies have demonstrated that certain dietary polyphenols exert anti-obesity effects by increasing energy expenditure as heat via activating brown adipose and/or browning of white adipose. Pterostilbene, a resveratrol dimethyl ether analogue, has been demonstrated to have anti-obesity effects. However, studies on the mechanisms by which pterostilbene exert anti-obesity effect are still inadequate. As such, the current study tests the hypothesis that pterostilbene administration induces browning of white adipose, thus controlling body weight gain. Method: The effects of pterostilbene administration on white adipocytes browning in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) of rats and 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as their underlying mechanisms were investigated in the current study. Results: The administration of pterostilbene for 8 weeks reduced rats’ body weight gain and iWAT index. Furthermore, pterostilbene increased the content of mitochondria and the expression of brown and beige adipocyte markers such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16), and transmembrane protein 26 (TMEM26) in iWAT. Pterostilbene treatment also activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) in iWAT. In agreement with the in vivo findings, the in vitro results showed that 1 μM pterostilbene treatment also activated AMPK and increased PGC-1α expression, and stimulated formation of brown-like adipocytes as evidenced by the increased mitochondria content and expression of brown and beige adipocytes markers in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. However, those positive effects of pterostilbene on 3T3-L1 adipocytes were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with an AMPK inhibitor (compound C) or PGC-1α siRNA. Conclusion: These findings suggest that pterostilbene exerts body weight gain-lowering effect by inducing white adipocytes browning via the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway.
{"title":"Pterostilbene induces browning of white adipocytes via AMPK/PGC-1α pathway","authors":"Jiawei Zheng, Wujian Liu, Jun‐dong Zhu","doi":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PN9.0000000000000032","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many studies have demonstrated that certain dietary polyphenols exert anti-obesity effects by increasing energy expenditure as heat via activating brown adipose and/or browning of white adipose. Pterostilbene, a resveratrol dimethyl ether analogue, has been demonstrated to have anti-obesity effects. However, studies on the mechanisms by which pterostilbene exert anti-obesity effect are still inadequate. As such, the current study tests the hypothesis that pterostilbene administration induces browning of white adipose, thus controlling body weight gain. Method: The effects of pterostilbene administration on white adipocytes browning in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) of rats and 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as their underlying mechanisms were investigated in the current study. Results: The administration of pterostilbene for 8 weeks reduced rats’ body weight gain and iWAT index. Furthermore, pterostilbene increased the content of mitochondria and the expression of brown and beige adipocyte markers such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16), and transmembrane protein 26 (TMEM26) in iWAT. Pterostilbene treatment also activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) in iWAT. In agreement with the in vivo findings, the in vitro results showed that 1 μM pterostilbene treatment also activated AMPK and increased PGC-1α expression, and stimulated formation of brown-like adipocytes as evidenced by the increased mitochondria content and expression of brown and beige adipocytes markers in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. However, those positive effects of pterostilbene on 3T3-L1 adipocytes were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with an AMPK inhibitor (compound C) or PGC-1α siRNA. Conclusion: These findings suggest that pterostilbene exerts body weight gain-lowering effect by inducing white adipocytes browning via the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway.","PeriodicalId":74488,"journal":{"name":"Precision nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":"e00032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43788686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1097/PN9.0000000000000030
Yu Wang, C. Lu, Wei Chen, Qi Wang, Hua Jiang
The concept of precision medicine paved a way to personalize nutritional diagnosis and treatment. This article begins with the challenges of current clinical nutritional diagnosis and treatment and outlines their limitations. We propose a concept of digital twin for personalized nutrition. It is based on a digital clinical platform and elaborates on how to apply digital twin technique to establish a multimodule, multiscale simulation and prediction platform for patient. This kind of platform can result in real-time decision-making assistance and provides a new paradigm for personalized precision nutrition treatment.
{"title":"Digital twin enabled personalized nutrition","authors":"Yu Wang, C. Lu, Wei Chen, Qi Wang, Hua Jiang","doi":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PN9.0000000000000030","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of precision medicine paved a way to personalize nutritional diagnosis and treatment. This article begins with the challenges of current clinical nutritional diagnosis and treatment and outlines their limitations. We propose a concept of digital twin for personalized nutrition. It is based on a digital clinical platform and elaborates on how to apply digital twin technique to establish a multimodule, multiscale simulation and prediction platform for patient. This kind of platform can result in real-time decision-making assistance and provides a new paradigm for personalized precision nutrition treatment.","PeriodicalId":74488,"journal":{"name":"Precision nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":"e00030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44506526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-07eCollection Date: 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1097/PN9.0000000000000017
Wenpin Hou, Mingyu Zhang, Yuelong Ji, Xiumei Hong, Guoying Wang, Richard Xu, Liming Liang, Suchi Saria, Hongkai Ji
Background: Most studies on the association of in utero exposure to cigarette smoking and childhood overweight or obesity (OWO) were based on maternal self-reported smoking status, and few were based on objective biomarkers. The concordance of self-report smoking, and maternal and cord blood biomarkers of cigarette smoking as well as their effects on children's long-term risk of overweight and obesity are unclear.
Methods: In this study, we analyzed data from 2351 mother-child pairs in the Boston Birth Cohort, a sample of US predominantly Black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) that enrolled children at birth and followed prospectively up to age 18 years. In utero smoking exposure was measured by maternal self-report and by maternal and cord plasma biomarkers of smoking: cotinine and hydroxycotinine. We assessed the individual and joint associations of each smoking exposure measure and maternal OWO with childhood OWO using multinomial logistic regressions. We used nested logistic regressions to investigate the childhood OWO prediction performance when adding maternal and cord plasma biomarkers as input covariates on top of self-reported data.
Results: Our results demonstrated that in utero cigarette smoking exposure defined by self-report and by maternal or cord metabolites was consistently associated with increased risk of long-term child OWO. Children with cord hydroxycotinine in the fourth quartile (vs. first quartile) had 1.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-2.66) times the odds for overweight and 1.57 (95% CI 1.05-2.36) times the odds for obesity. The combined effect of maternal OWO and smoking on offspring risk of obesity is 3.66 (95% CI 2.37-5.67) if using self-reported smoking. Adding maternal and cord plasma biomarker information to self-reported data improved the prediction accuracy of long-term child OWO risk.
Conclusions: This longitudinal birth cohort study of US BIPOC underscored the role of maternal smoking as an obesogen for offspring OWO risk. Our findings call for public health intervention strategies to focus on maternal smoking - as a highly modifiable target, including smoking cessation and countermeasures (such as optimal nutrition) that may alleviate the increasing obesity burden in the United States and globally.
{"title":"A prospective birth cohort study of maternal prenatal cigarette smoking assessed by self-report and biomarkers on childhood risk of overweight or obesity.","authors":"Wenpin Hou, Mingyu Zhang, Yuelong Ji, Xiumei Hong, Guoying Wang, Richard Xu, Liming Liang, Suchi Saria, Hongkai Ji","doi":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000017","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most studies on the association of <i>in utero</i> exposure to cigarette smoking and childhood overweight or obesity (OWO) were based on maternal self-reported smoking status, and few were based on objective biomarkers. The concordance of self-report smoking, and maternal and cord blood biomarkers of cigarette smoking as well as their effects on children's long-term risk of overweight and obesity are unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we analyzed data from 2351 mother-child pairs in the Boston Birth Cohort, a sample of US predominantly Black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) that enrolled children at birth and followed prospectively up to age 18 years. <i>In utero</i> smoking exposure was measured by maternal self-report and by maternal and cord plasma biomarkers of smoking: cotinine and hydroxycotinine. We assessed the individual and joint associations of each smoking exposure measure and maternal OWO with childhood OWO using multinomial logistic regressions. We used nested logistic regressions to investigate the childhood OWO prediction performance when adding maternal and cord plasma biomarkers as input covariates on top of self-reported data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results demonstrated that <i>in utero</i> cigarette smoking exposure defined by self-report and by maternal or cord metabolites was consistently associated with increased risk of long-term child OWO. Children with cord hydroxycotinine in the fourth quartile (<i>vs.</i> first quartile) had 1.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-2.66) times the odds for overweight and 1.57 (95% CI 1.05-2.36) times the odds for obesity. The combined effect of maternal OWO and smoking on offspring risk of obesity is 3.66 (95% CI 2.37-5.67) if using self-reported smoking. Adding maternal and cord plasma biomarker information to self-reported data improved the prediction accuracy of long-term child OWO risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This longitudinal birth cohort study of US BIPOC underscored the role of maternal smoking as an obesogen for offspring OWO risk. Our findings call for public health intervention strategies to focus on maternal smoking - as a highly modifiable target, including smoking cessation and countermeasures (such as optimal nutrition) that may alleviate the increasing obesity burden in the United States and globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":74488,"journal":{"name":"Precision nutrition","volume":"1 3","pages":"e00017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4a/d4/pn9-1-e00017.PMC10035292.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41173907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1097/PN9.0000000000000023
Jimmy Gutman, A. Parrilla
Oxidative stress (OS) can be simply defined as an imbalance between free radical formation and antioxidant defenses. Free radicals (reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species) potentially lead to a cascade of biochemical events that disrupt normal cellular function. OS has been proposed that they play a part in the pathogenesis of many disease processes including cancer,[3,4] arteriosclerosis,[5–8] Alzheimer’s Disease,[9,10] pulmonary disease,[11,12] and a number of gynecological pathologies including endometriosis,[13–15] gestational diabetes,[16–18] infertility,[19–21] and polycystic ovary syndrome.[22–24]
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