Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1097/PN9.0000000000000031
J. Cui, Yudi Liu, Fan Li, W. Zhuo, Lan Huang, Chuan Xu, Wei Li, Jianyong Qin, Xuejun Sun, H. Tian, Tingting Liang, Ping-An Chen, Bo Chen, Qiuyan Liu, J. Ying, Ningning Li, An-ping Zhang, Yang Yu, Zhi-Feng Zhou, Xiu-Dong Wu, Xiao‐Kai Guo, Lingdi Zhao, Junya Zhai, Zhao-yang Yang, J. Yang, Xia Li, Yong Li, Guo-en Liu, Guo-rui Sun, Zhenguo Han, Xiaojun Yang, Wei Cui, F. Chen, Yuehua Wu, Liang Liu, Gui-Rong Li, Jing Dai, Zheng Zhao, B. Zhao, Xiaoyan Kuang, Xinfeng Zhou, Y. Tan, Han-ping Shi
Background: Malnutrition in patients with malignant tumors caused by the tumor or related treatment is a significant problem in clinical practice. “Cancer immunonutrition” therapy improves patients’ nutritional condition and immune function. It uses specific nutrients to improve the nutritional status of patients with cancer and regulates the body’s immune and inflammatory responses. To date, cancer immunonutrition has been used in surgery, chemoradiotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), treatment of tumor complications, and other fields. Therefore, we aimed to develop rigorous and detailed evidence-based practice guidelines for cancer immunonutrition therapy. Methods: The guideline strictly followed the latest guidelines from the Institution of Medicine and was constructed according to the World Health Organization handbook for guideline development. It was written according to the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in Healthcare criteria. The quality of evidence and strength of the recommendations were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method. Results: Twenty-three recommendations were formulated regarding surgery, chemoradiotherapy, HSCT, treatment of tumor complications, and other fields. Conclusions: We developed clinical practice guidelines for cancer immunonutrition therapy based on the latest evidence-based practice to provide more comprehensive and detailed advice to healthcare providers. This guideline broadens the application scope of immunonutrition therapy for cancer and promotes its standardized application in clinical practice.
{"title":"Evidence-based guideline on immunonutrition in patients with cancer","authors":"J. Cui, Yudi Liu, Fan Li, W. Zhuo, Lan Huang, Chuan Xu, Wei Li, Jianyong Qin, Xuejun Sun, H. Tian, Tingting Liang, Ping-An Chen, Bo Chen, Qiuyan Liu, J. Ying, Ningning Li, An-ping Zhang, Yang Yu, Zhi-Feng Zhou, Xiu-Dong Wu, Xiao‐Kai Guo, Lingdi Zhao, Junya Zhai, Zhao-yang Yang, J. Yang, Xia Li, Yong Li, Guo-en Liu, Guo-rui Sun, Zhenguo Han, Xiaojun Yang, Wei Cui, F. Chen, Yuehua Wu, Liang Liu, Gui-Rong Li, Jing Dai, Zheng Zhao, B. Zhao, Xiaoyan Kuang, Xinfeng Zhou, Y. Tan, Han-ping Shi","doi":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PN9.0000000000000031","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malnutrition in patients with malignant tumors caused by the tumor or related treatment is a significant problem in clinical practice. “Cancer immunonutrition” therapy improves patients’ nutritional condition and immune function. It uses specific nutrients to improve the nutritional status of patients with cancer and regulates the body’s immune and inflammatory responses. To date, cancer immunonutrition has been used in surgery, chemoradiotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), treatment of tumor complications, and other fields. Therefore, we aimed to develop rigorous and detailed evidence-based practice guidelines for cancer immunonutrition therapy. Methods: The guideline strictly followed the latest guidelines from the Institution of Medicine and was constructed according to the World Health Organization handbook for guideline development. It was written according to the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in Healthcare criteria. The quality of evidence and strength of the recommendations were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method. Results: Twenty-three recommendations were formulated regarding surgery, chemoradiotherapy, HSCT, treatment of tumor complications, and other fields. Conclusions: We developed clinical practice guidelines for cancer immunonutrition therapy based on the latest evidence-based practice to provide more comprehensive and detailed advice to healthcare providers. This guideline broadens the application scope of immunonutrition therapy for cancer and promotes its standardized application in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":74488,"journal":{"name":"Precision nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":"e00031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48367168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objective: The prospective relationship between serum albumin and new-onset hyperuricemia is still uncertain. Our current study aimed to examine the association between serum albumin and new-onset hyperuricemia among participants with hypertension, and to explore the potential factors that might modify the association. Methods: This study included 10,617 hypertensive patients with normal uric acid (UA) concentrations (<357 μmol/L) at baseline from the UA Substudy of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT). The primary study outcome was new-onset hyperuricemia, which was defined as a UA concentration at the exit visit ≥357 μmol/L in women or ≥417 μmol/L in men. Results: During the median follow-up duration of 4.4 years, 1664 (15.7%) new-onset hyperuricemia cases were documented. Overall, there was a significantly inverse relation of serum albumin with risk of new-onset hyperuricemia (per SD increment; odds ratio [OR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70, 0.79). Consistently, when serum albumin was evaluated as quartiles, compared with participants in the first quartile (<46.1 g/L), a significantly lower risk of new-onset hyperuricemia was observed among those in the fourth quartile (≥51.7 g/L; OR, 0.55; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.65). The findings were consistent among participants with different baseline characteristics. Conclusions: There was a significantly inverse association between serum albumin and risk of new-onset hyperuricemia in adults with hypertension.
{"title":"Association between serum albumin and new-onset hyperuricemia among participants with hypertension","authors":"Chun Zhou, Rui Li, Shaojie Zhang, Qinqin Li, P. He, Zhuxian Zhang, Mengyi Liu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Huan Li, Chengzhang Liu, Bin-yan Wang, X. Qin","doi":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PN9.0000000000000027","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The prospective relationship between serum albumin and new-onset hyperuricemia is still uncertain. Our current study aimed to examine the association between serum albumin and new-onset hyperuricemia among participants with hypertension, and to explore the potential factors that might modify the association. Methods: This study included 10,617 hypertensive patients with normal uric acid (UA) concentrations (<357 μmol/L) at baseline from the UA Substudy of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT). The primary study outcome was new-onset hyperuricemia, which was defined as a UA concentration at the exit visit ≥357 μmol/L in women or ≥417 μmol/L in men. Results: During the median follow-up duration of 4.4 years, 1664 (15.7%) new-onset hyperuricemia cases were documented. Overall, there was a significantly inverse relation of serum albumin with risk of new-onset hyperuricemia (per SD increment; odds ratio [OR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70, 0.79). Consistently, when serum albumin was evaluated as quartiles, compared with participants in the first quartile (<46.1 g/L), a significantly lower risk of new-onset hyperuricemia was observed among those in the fourth quartile (≥51.7 g/L; OR, 0.55; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.65). The findings were consistent among participants with different baseline characteristics. Conclusions: There was a significantly inverse association between serum albumin and risk of new-onset hyperuricemia in adults with hypertension.","PeriodicalId":74488,"journal":{"name":"Precision nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":"e00027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44714805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1097/PN9.0000000000000028
Mingming Zhou, Hongxia Xu, Jiuwei Cui, Kunhua Wang, M. Weng, Zengqing Guo, Qinghua Yao, F. Zhou, Ming Liu, Chunling Zhou, Y. Ba, Zhikang Chen, Hu-sai Ma, Tao Li, M. Cong, Suyi Li, Xian Wu, Zengning Li, Qingchuan Zhao, Qiuge Qiao, Yong Feng, Wei Li, Hanping Shi, C. Song
Objective: We explored the malnutrition status of Chinese malignancy inpatients from 2014 to 2021 and analyzed the trends in the rates or ratios of various nutrition-related indicators in oncology patients over 8 years. Methods: A total of 34,878 oncology patients admitted to hospitals from 2014 to 2021 were enrolled (INSCOC study). Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) were used to screen patients for nutritional risk and assess their nutritional status, and nutritional therapy data was gathered. Results: From 2014 to 2021, there was an overall decreasing trend in the prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition among oncology inpatients (χ2trend = 108.154, P < 0.001; χ2trend = 70.230, P < 0.001), with malnutrition in patients falling from 68.1% in 2014–2015 to 57.2% in 2020–2021, while malnutrition rates in patients with cervical cancer and malignant lymphoma are gradually increasing. The overall rate of total nutritional therapy for patients is on the rise (χ2trend = 67.548, P < 0.001), increasing from 39.4% (2014–2015) to 44.7% (2020–2021). A trend of rising and then falling rate of parenteral nutrition therapy was observed in patients, whereas the rate of enteral nutrition therapy grew annually (P for trend < 0.001). Nutritional therapy rates for malnourished patients are on an increasing trend, a slight increase, however, remains for well-nourished patients (P for trend < 0.001). Moreover, the prevalence in elderly oncology patients (≥60 years) also showed a downward trend in both nutritional risk and malnutrition (χ2trend = 38.897, P < 0.001; χ2trend = 75.616, P < 0.001), but malnutrition rates were higher in elderly patients than in individuals under 60 years at different years (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The great majority of patients with malignancy have a significantly decreased prevalence of nutritional risk or malnutrition from 2014 to 2021, and the rate of nutritional therapy is on the rise. However, the nutritional status of individuals with cervical cancer and malignant lymphoma remains poor. The problem of malnutrition remains prominent in elderly patients despite improvements in their nutritional status.
{"title":"Variation trends of malnutrition status among malignancy inpatients in China from 2014 to 2021","authors":"Mingming Zhou, Hongxia Xu, Jiuwei Cui, Kunhua Wang, M. Weng, Zengqing Guo, Qinghua Yao, F. Zhou, Ming Liu, Chunling Zhou, Y. Ba, Zhikang Chen, Hu-sai Ma, Tao Li, M. Cong, Suyi Li, Xian Wu, Zengning Li, Qingchuan Zhao, Qiuge Qiao, Yong Feng, Wei Li, Hanping Shi, C. Song","doi":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PN9.0000000000000028","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: We explored the malnutrition status of Chinese malignancy inpatients from 2014 to 2021 and analyzed the trends in the rates or ratios of various nutrition-related indicators in oncology patients over 8 years. Methods: A total of 34,878 oncology patients admitted to hospitals from 2014 to 2021 were enrolled (INSCOC study). Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) were used to screen patients for nutritional risk and assess their nutritional status, and nutritional therapy data was gathered. Results: From 2014 to 2021, there was an overall decreasing trend in the prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition among oncology inpatients (χ2trend = 108.154, P < 0.001; χ2trend = 70.230, P < 0.001), with malnutrition in patients falling from 68.1% in 2014–2015 to 57.2% in 2020–2021, while malnutrition rates in patients with cervical cancer and malignant lymphoma are gradually increasing. The overall rate of total nutritional therapy for patients is on the rise (χ2trend = 67.548, P < 0.001), increasing from 39.4% (2014–2015) to 44.7% (2020–2021). A trend of rising and then falling rate of parenteral nutrition therapy was observed in patients, whereas the rate of enteral nutrition therapy grew annually (P for trend < 0.001). Nutritional therapy rates for malnourished patients are on an increasing trend, a slight increase, however, remains for well-nourished patients (P for trend < 0.001). Moreover, the prevalence in elderly oncology patients (≥60 years) also showed a downward trend in both nutritional risk and malnutrition (χ2trend = 38.897, P < 0.001; χ2trend = 75.616, P < 0.001), but malnutrition rates were higher in elderly patients than in individuals under 60 years at different years (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The great majority of patients with malignancy have a significantly decreased prevalence of nutritional risk or malnutrition from 2014 to 2021, and the rate of nutritional therapy is on the rise. However, the nutritional status of individuals with cervical cancer and malignant lymphoma remains poor. The problem of malnutrition remains prominent in elderly patients despite improvements in their nutritional status.","PeriodicalId":74488,"journal":{"name":"Precision nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":"e00028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44984750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1097/PN9.0000000000000032
Jiawei Zheng, Wujian Liu, Jun‐dong Zhu
Background: Many studies have demonstrated that certain dietary polyphenols exert anti-obesity effects by increasing energy expenditure as heat via activating brown adipose and/or browning of white adipose. Pterostilbene, a resveratrol dimethyl ether analogue, has been demonstrated to have anti-obesity effects. However, studies on the mechanisms by which pterostilbene exert anti-obesity effect are still inadequate. As such, the current study tests the hypothesis that pterostilbene administration induces browning of white adipose, thus controlling body weight gain. Method: The effects of pterostilbene administration on white adipocytes browning in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) of rats and 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as their underlying mechanisms were investigated in the current study. Results: The administration of pterostilbene for 8 weeks reduced rats’ body weight gain and iWAT index. Furthermore, pterostilbene increased the content of mitochondria and the expression of brown and beige adipocyte markers such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16), and transmembrane protein 26 (TMEM26) in iWAT. Pterostilbene treatment also activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) in iWAT. In agreement with the in vivo findings, the in vitro results showed that 1 μM pterostilbene treatment also activated AMPK and increased PGC-1α expression, and stimulated formation of brown-like adipocytes as evidenced by the increased mitochondria content and expression of brown and beige adipocytes markers in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. However, those positive effects of pterostilbene on 3T3-L1 adipocytes were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with an AMPK inhibitor (compound C) or PGC-1α siRNA. Conclusion: These findings suggest that pterostilbene exerts body weight gain-lowering effect by inducing white adipocytes browning via the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway.
{"title":"Pterostilbene induces browning of white adipocytes via AMPK/PGC-1α pathway","authors":"Jiawei Zheng, Wujian Liu, Jun‐dong Zhu","doi":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PN9.0000000000000032","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many studies have demonstrated that certain dietary polyphenols exert anti-obesity effects by increasing energy expenditure as heat via activating brown adipose and/or browning of white adipose. Pterostilbene, a resveratrol dimethyl ether analogue, has been demonstrated to have anti-obesity effects. However, studies on the mechanisms by which pterostilbene exert anti-obesity effect are still inadequate. As such, the current study tests the hypothesis that pterostilbene administration induces browning of white adipose, thus controlling body weight gain. Method: The effects of pterostilbene administration on white adipocytes browning in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) of rats and 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as their underlying mechanisms were investigated in the current study. Results: The administration of pterostilbene for 8 weeks reduced rats’ body weight gain and iWAT index. Furthermore, pterostilbene increased the content of mitochondria and the expression of brown and beige adipocyte markers such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16), and transmembrane protein 26 (TMEM26) in iWAT. Pterostilbene treatment also activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) in iWAT. In agreement with the in vivo findings, the in vitro results showed that 1 μM pterostilbene treatment also activated AMPK and increased PGC-1α expression, and stimulated formation of brown-like adipocytes as evidenced by the increased mitochondria content and expression of brown and beige adipocytes markers in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. However, those positive effects of pterostilbene on 3T3-L1 adipocytes were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with an AMPK inhibitor (compound C) or PGC-1α siRNA. Conclusion: These findings suggest that pterostilbene exerts body weight gain-lowering effect by inducing white adipocytes browning via the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway.","PeriodicalId":74488,"journal":{"name":"Precision nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":"e00032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43788686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1097/PN9.0000000000000030
Yu Wang, C. Lu, Wei Chen, Qi Wang, Hua Jiang
The concept of precision medicine paved a way to personalize nutritional diagnosis and treatment. This article begins with the challenges of current clinical nutritional diagnosis and treatment and outlines their limitations. We propose a concept of digital twin for personalized nutrition. It is based on a digital clinical platform and elaborates on how to apply digital twin technique to establish a multimodule, multiscale simulation and prediction platform for patient. This kind of platform can result in real-time decision-making assistance and provides a new paradigm for personalized precision nutrition treatment.
{"title":"Digital twin enabled personalized nutrition","authors":"Yu Wang, C. Lu, Wei Chen, Qi Wang, Hua Jiang","doi":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PN9.0000000000000030","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of precision medicine paved a way to personalize nutritional diagnosis and treatment. This article begins with the challenges of current clinical nutritional diagnosis and treatment and outlines their limitations. We propose a concept of digital twin for personalized nutrition. It is based on a digital clinical platform and elaborates on how to apply digital twin technique to establish a multimodule, multiscale simulation and prediction platform for patient. This kind of platform can result in real-time decision-making assistance and provides a new paradigm for personalized precision nutrition treatment.","PeriodicalId":74488,"journal":{"name":"Precision nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":"e00030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44506526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-07eCollection Date: 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1097/PN9.0000000000000017
Wenpin Hou, Mingyu Zhang, Yuelong Ji, Xiumei Hong, Guoying Wang, Richard Xu, Liming Liang, Suchi Saria, Hongkai Ji
Background: Most studies on the association of in utero exposure to cigarette smoking and childhood overweight or obesity (OWO) were based on maternal self-reported smoking status, and few were based on objective biomarkers. The concordance of self-report smoking, and maternal and cord blood biomarkers of cigarette smoking as well as their effects on children's long-term risk of overweight and obesity are unclear.
Methods: In this study, we analyzed data from 2351 mother-child pairs in the Boston Birth Cohort, a sample of US predominantly Black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) that enrolled children at birth and followed prospectively up to age 18 years. In utero smoking exposure was measured by maternal self-report and by maternal and cord plasma biomarkers of smoking: cotinine and hydroxycotinine. We assessed the individual and joint associations of each smoking exposure measure and maternal OWO with childhood OWO using multinomial logistic regressions. We used nested logistic regressions to investigate the childhood OWO prediction performance when adding maternal and cord plasma biomarkers as input covariates on top of self-reported data.
Results: Our results demonstrated that in utero cigarette smoking exposure defined by self-report and by maternal or cord metabolites was consistently associated with increased risk of long-term child OWO. Children with cord hydroxycotinine in the fourth quartile (vs. first quartile) had 1.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-2.66) times the odds for overweight and 1.57 (95% CI 1.05-2.36) times the odds for obesity. The combined effect of maternal OWO and smoking on offspring risk of obesity is 3.66 (95% CI 2.37-5.67) if using self-reported smoking. Adding maternal and cord plasma biomarker information to self-reported data improved the prediction accuracy of long-term child OWO risk.
Conclusions: This longitudinal birth cohort study of US BIPOC underscored the role of maternal smoking as an obesogen for offspring OWO risk. Our findings call for public health intervention strategies to focus on maternal smoking - as a highly modifiable target, including smoking cessation and countermeasures (such as optimal nutrition) that may alleviate the increasing obesity burden in the United States and globally.
{"title":"A prospective birth cohort study of maternal prenatal cigarette smoking assessed by self-report and biomarkers on childhood risk of overweight or obesity.","authors":"Wenpin Hou, Mingyu Zhang, Yuelong Ji, Xiumei Hong, Guoying Wang, Richard Xu, Liming Liang, Suchi Saria, Hongkai Ji","doi":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000017","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most studies on the association of <i>in utero</i> exposure to cigarette smoking and childhood overweight or obesity (OWO) were based on maternal self-reported smoking status, and few were based on objective biomarkers. The concordance of self-report smoking, and maternal and cord blood biomarkers of cigarette smoking as well as their effects on children's long-term risk of overweight and obesity are unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we analyzed data from 2351 mother-child pairs in the Boston Birth Cohort, a sample of US predominantly Black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) that enrolled children at birth and followed prospectively up to age 18 years. <i>In utero</i> smoking exposure was measured by maternal self-report and by maternal and cord plasma biomarkers of smoking: cotinine and hydroxycotinine. We assessed the individual and joint associations of each smoking exposure measure and maternal OWO with childhood OWO using multinomial logistic regressions. We used nested logistic regressions to investigate the childhood OWO prediction performance when adding maternal and cord plasma biomarkers as input covariates on top of self-reported data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results demonstrated that <i>in utero</i> cigarette smoking exposure defined by self-report and by maternal or cord metabolites was consistently associated with increased risk of long-term child OWO. Children with cord hydroxycotinine in the fourth quartile (<i>vs.</i> first quartile) had 1.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-2.66) times the odds for overweight and 1.57 (95% CI 1.05-2.36) times the odds for obesity. The combined effect of maternal OWO and smoking on offspring risk of obesity is 3.66 (95% CI 2.37-5.67) if using self-reported smoking. Adding maternal and cord plasma biomarker information to self-reported data improved the prediction accuracy of long-term child OWO risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This longitudinal birth cohort study of US BIPOC underscored the role of maternal smoking as an obesogen for offspring OWO risk. Our findings call for public health intervention strategies to focus on maternal smoking - as a highly modifiable target, including smoking cessation and countermeasures (such as optimal nutrition) that may alleviate the increasing obesity burden in the United States and globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":74488,"journal":{"name":"Precision nutrition","volume":"1 3","pages":"e00017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4a/d4/pn9-1-e00017.PMC10035292.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41173907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1097/PN9.0000000000000023
Jimmy Gutman, A. Parrilla
Oxidative stress (OS) can be simply defined as an imbalance between free radical formation and antioxidant defenses. Free radicals (reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species) potentially lead to a cascade of biochemical events that disrupt normal cellular function. OS has been proposed that they play a part in the pathogenesis of many disease processes including cancer,[3,4] arteriosclerosis,[5–8] Alzheimer’s Disease,[9,10] pulmonary disease,[11,12] and a number of gynecological pathologies including endometriosis,[13–15] gestational diabetes,[16–18] infertility,[19–21] and polycystic ovary syndrome.[22–24]
{"title":"Role of glutathione in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia: implications for nutritional intervention","authors":"Jimmy Gutman, A. Parrilla","doi":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PN9.0000000000000023","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress (OS) can be simply defined as an imbalance between free radical formation and antioxidant defenses. Free radicals (reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species) potentially lead to a cascade of biochemical events that disrupt normal cellular function. OS has been proposed that they play a part in the pathogenesis of many disease processes including cancer,[3,4] arteriosclerosis,[5–8] Alzheimer’s Disease,[9,10] pulmonary disease,[11,12] and a number of gynecological pathologies including endometriosis,[13–15] gestational diabetes,[16–18] infertility,[19–21] and polycystic ovary syndrome.[22–24]","PeriodicalId":74488,"journal":{"name":"Precision nutrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"e00023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45196372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1097/PN9.0000000000000022
Kai Du, Jinhong Han, Zhexi Shi, Yilu Xu, Tingting Yu, Han-gong Xu, X. Shu
Background: According to previous reports, L-arginine may help treat stomach cancer by causing cell apoptosis, but the specific mechanism remains obscure. Objective: The current study aims to discover how L-arginine induces the cell apoptosis in gastric carcinoma. Methods: The cytotoxicity and apoptosis rate of SGC-7901 cells incubated in the RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with L-arginine were detected by CCK8 and flow cytometry. High-throughput RNA-sequencing was performed to search for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and GO (Gene Ontology) were used to analyze the biological processes and pathways that include the DEGs. Results: In SGC-7901 cells, L-arginine reduced viability in dose- and time-dependent manners. SGC-7901 cells underwent the dose-dependent induction of apoptosis by L-arginine, and the early and late apoptosis rates were 28.33% and 68.2% after 25 mM L-arginine intervention, respectively (both P < 0.0001). The apoptosis-related processes were upregulated, and DNA modification-related processes were downregulated after L-arginine intervention. The hub genes that were significantly increased and decreased after L-arginine incubation were PHLDA1 (pleckstrin homology-like domain family member 1) and DBNL (drebrin-like protein), respectively. Conclusion: Our findings suggested a new treatment target for gastric cancer by demonstrating the enhancement effect of L-arginine on cell apoptosis of gastric cancer.
背景：根据先前的报道，L-精氨酸可能通过引起细胞凋亡来帮助治疗癌症，但其具体机制尚不清楚。目的：探讨L-精氨酸如何诱导胃癌细胞凋亡。方法：用CCK8和流式细胞仪检测在添加L-精氨酸的RPMI-1640培养基中培养的SGC-7901细胞的细胞毒性和凋亡率。进行高通量RNA测序以寻找差异表达基因（DEG）。KEGG（京都基因和基因组百科全书）和GO（基因本体论）被用于分析包括DEG的生物过程和途径。结果：在SGC-7901细胞中，L-精氨酸以剂量和时间依赖的方式降低细胞活力。L-精氨酸对SGC-7901细胞进行了剂量依赖性的凋亡诱导，25天后早期和晚期凋亡率分别为28.33%和68.2% mM L-精氨酸干预后，细胞凋亡相关过程上调，DNA修饰相关过程下调。L-精氨酸孵育后显著增加和减少的枢纽基因分别是PHLDA1（pleckstrin同源性样结构域家族成员1）和DBNL（drebrin样蛋白）。结论：L-精氨酸对癌症细胞凋亡的促进作用为癌症的治疗提供了新的靶点。
{"title":"L-arginine regulates the differential expression of apoptosis genes in gastric cancer cells","authors":"Kai Du, Jinhong Han, Zhexi Shi, Yilu Xu, Tingting Yu, Han-gong Xu, X. Shu","doi":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PN9.0000000000000022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: According to previous reports, L-arginine may help treat stomach cancer by causing cell apoptosis, but the specific mechanism remains obscure. Objective: The current study aims to discover how L-arginine induces the cell apoptosis in gastric carcinoma. Methods: The cytotoxicity and apoptosis rate of SGC-7901 cells incubated in the RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with L-arginine were detected by CCK8 and flow cytometry. High-throughput RNA-sequencing was performed to search for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and GO (Gene Ontology) were used to analyze the biological processes and pathways that include the DEGs. Results: In SGC-7901 cells, L-arginine reduced viability in dose- and time-dependent manners. SGC-7901 cells underwent the dose-dependent induction of apoptosis by L-arginine, and the early and late apoptosis rates were 28.33% and 68.2% after 25 mM L-arginine intervention, respectively (both P < 0.0001). The apoptosis-related processes were upregulated, and DNA modification-related processes were downregulated after L-arginine intervention. The hub genes that were significantly increased and decreased after L-arginine incubation were PHLDA1 (pleckstrin homology-like domain family member 1) and DBNL (drebrin-like protein), respectively. Conclusion: Our findings suggested a new treatment target for gastric cancer by demonstrating the enhancement effect of L-arginine on cell apoptosis of gastric cancer.","PeriodicalId":74488,"journal":{"name":"Precision nutrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"e00022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46422464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1097/PN9.0000000000000021
Han-ping Shi, Jianping Li, C. Mao, Bin-yan Wang, X. Qin, H. Bao, Kunhua Wang, W. Ling, Guifan Sun, J. Yang, Zengning Li, Xian Shen, Junqiang Chen, G. Mao, X. Shu, Hai Ma, Qing Dong, Xiaobin Wang, Xiping Xu, N. Sun, Xiaoshu Cheng
Background: The burden of chronic diseases and associated morbidities and mortalities are rapidly rising in China. Nutrition and lifestyle are major contributors. Currently, there is a paucity of strong evidence to guide optimal intake of macronutrients and micronutrients for primordial, primary, and secondary prevention of chronic diseases among diverse populations and across life stages in China. Evidence is also lacking on the KAP (Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice) in Chinese populations to inform effective behavior interventions. The China Precision Nutrition and Health-KAP Real World Study (CPN-KAPS) intends to establish a cohort and conduct research in real-world settings to improve KAP and advance precision nutrition. Methods: The CPN-KAPS is a long-term, multicenter, prospective, observational, real-world study that will enroll at least a million adults who meet the inclusion criteria. Each participant will be expected to attend at least 5 follow-up visits (once a year). The primary endpoints include nutritional status and the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of numerous chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, tumors, chronic kidney disease, Alzheimer’s disease, digestive system diseases, diabetes, mortality, and results of the health KAP survey. Secondary endpoints include malnutrition and changes in various chronic disease-related biomarkers and pharmacoeconomic indicators. Results: The CPN-KAPS is still in a formative stage, but we anticipate this study will establish a rich database and biorepository. These resources will create enormous opportunities for scientific discoveries and clinical public health translation. Conclusion: This large-scale, observational, prospective and real-world research will be of great significance and value for an in-depth understanding of China’s nutrition and health status, to provide precision nutrition intervention strategy for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in Chinese Population.
{"title":"China Precision Nutrition and Health-KAP Real World Study (CPN-KAPS): rationale, study design, and protocol","authors":"Han-ping Shi, Jianping Li, C. Mao, Bin-yan Wang, X. Qin, H. Bao, Kunhua Wang, W. Ling, Guifan Sun, J. Yang, Zengning Li, Xian Shen, Junqiang Chen, G. Mao, X. Shu, Hai Ma, Qing Dong, Xiaobin Wang, Xiping Xu, N. Sun, Xiaoshu Cheng","doi":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PN9.0000000000000021","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The burden of chronic diseases and associated morbidities and mortalities are rapidly rising in China. Nutrition and lifestyle are major contributors. Currently, there is a paucity of strong evidence to guide optimal intake of macronutrients and micronutrients for primordial, primary, and secondary prevention of chronic diseases among diverse populations and across life stages in China. Evidence is also lacking on the KAP (Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice) in Chinese populations to inform effective behavior interventions. The China Precision Nutrition and Health-KAP Real World Study (CPN-KAPS) intends to establish a cohort and conduct research in real-world settings to improve KAP and advance precision nutrition. Methods: The CPN-KAPS is a long-term, multicenter, prospective, observational, real-world study that will enroll at least a million adults who meet the inclusion criteria. Each participant will be expected to attend at least 5 follow-up visits (once a year). The primary endpoints include nutritional status and the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of numerous chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, tumors, chronic kidney disease, Alzheimer’s disease, digestive system diseases, diabetes, mortality, and results of the health KAP survey. Secondary endpoints include malnutrition and changes in various chronic disease-related biomarkers and pharmacoeconomic indicators. Results: The CPN-KAPS is still in a formative stage, but we anticipate this study will establish a rich database and biorepository. These resources will create enormous opportunities for scientific discoveries and clinical public health translation. Conclusion: This large-scale, observational, prospective and real-world research will be of great significance and value for an in-depth understanding of China’s nutrition and health status, to provide precision nutrition intervention strategy for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in Chinese Population.","PeriodicalId":74488,"journal":{"name":"Precision nutrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"e00021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41442209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1097/PN9.0000000000000019
Xiao Huang, Yan Li, Ping Li, Zaihua Cheng, Lingling Fu, C. Ding, Zhi-rong Wang, De-Fang Song, Chen Yao, Guangliang Chen, Yi-min Cui, Xiaobin Wang, Y. Huo, Xiaoshu Cheng, Ji-Gwang Wang
Background: Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) coupled with hypertension can synergistically increase the risk for CVD and is highly prevalent in the Chinese population. The China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial has shown the efficacy of taking a daily enalapril-FA tablet in treating hypertension and HHcy. However, a substantial portion of patients cannot tolerate enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). The Precision Amlodipine-folic acid Trial to lower tHcy (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01956786) aimed to evaluate whether amlodipine combined with folic acid treatment is more efficacious than amlodipine alone in lowering plasma tHcy and blood pressure (BP) among Chinese patients with hypertension with HHcy and intolerance to ACEI. Methods: This was a multicentered, randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled clinical trial conducted from December 19, 2013, to March 6, 2014, in 4 study centers across China (Shanghai, Nanchang, Xuzhou, and Anqing). Eligible participants who had mild to moderate hypertension were men and women aged 18 to 75 years, hyperhomocysteinemia and intolerant to ACEI. Eligible patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either an amlodipine 5 mg and FA 0.4 mg tablet daily (A group); or an amlodipine 5 mg and FA 0.8 mg tablet daily (B group); or an amlodipine 5 mg tablet daily (C group, control group) for a total of 8 weeks. The primary endpoints were tHcy-lowering and BP assessed at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Planned analyses included intent to treat and per protocol set, and multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to evaluate the efficacy of amlodipine combined with FA in reducing tHcy and BP. Results: A total of 505 participants were enrolled in the screening period; of those, 458 entered the run-in period, and of those, 360 eligible participants were randomized to one of the 3 treatment groups. Overall, 31.3% of participants were male (n = 110), with a mean age of 63.2 (SD: 6.2) years. The randomization was successful as demonstrated by the well-balanced distribution of baseline characteristics across the 3 groups. Conclusions: This is the first trial of its kind to inform the clinical management of patients with hypertension, HHcy and intolerant to ACEI. The rationale and methods of the trial are introduced in this article, which lays a foundation for subsequent publications.
{"title":"A multicentered, randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled clinical trial on the homocysteine and blood pressure-lowering effects of amlodipine-folic acid versus amlodipine among H-type hypertensive patients intolerant to ACEI: principles and methods","authors":"Xiao Huang, Yan Li, Ping Li, Zaihua Cheng, Lingling Fu, C. Ding, Zhi-rong Wang, De-Fang Song, Chen Yao, Guangliang Chen, Yi-min Cui, Xiaobin Wang, Y. Huo, Xiaoshu Cheng, Ji-Gwang Wang","doi":"10.1097/PN9.0000000000000019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PN9.0000000000000019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) coupled with hypertension can synergistically increase the risk for CVD and is highly prevalent in the Chinese population. The China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial has shown the efficacy of taking a daily enalapril-FA tablet in treating hypertension and HHcy. However, a substantial portion of patients cannot tolerate enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). The Precision Amlodipine-folic acid Trial to lower tHcy (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01956786) aimed to evaluate whether amlodipine combined with folic acid treatment is more efficacious than amlodipine alone in lowering plasma tHcy and blood pressure (BP) among Chinese patients with hypertension with HHcy and intolerance to ACEI. Methods: This was a multicentered, randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled clinical trial conducted from December 19, 2013, to March 6, 2014, in 4 study centers across China (Shanghai, Nanchang, Xuzhou, and Anqing). Eligible participants who had mild to moderate hypertension were men and women aged 18 to 75 years, hyperhomocysteinemia and intolerant to ACEI. Eligible patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either an amlodipine 5 mg and FA 0.4 mg tablet daily (A group); or an amlodipine 5 mg and FA 0.8 mg tablet daily (B group); or an amlodipine 5 mg tablet daily (C group, control group) for a total of 8 weeks. The primary endpoints were tHcy-lowering and BP assessed at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Planned analyses included intent to treat and per protocol set, and multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to evaluate the efficacy of amlodipine combined with FA in reducing tHcy and BP. Results: A total of 505 participants were enrolled in the screening period; of those, 458 entered the run-in period, and of those, 360 eligible participants were randomized to one of the 3 treatment groups. Overall, 31.3% of participants were male (n = 110), with a mean age of 63.2 (SD: 6.2) years. The randomization was successful as demonstrated by the well-balanced distribution of baseline characteristics across the 3 groups. Conclusions: This is the first trial of its kind to inform the clinical management of patients with hypertension, HHcy and intolerant to ACEI. The rationale and methods of the trial are introduced in this article, which lays a foundation for subsequent publications.","PeriodicalId":74488,"journal":{"name":"Precision nutrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"e00019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41541057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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