Proceedings. IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference最新文献

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A Water System Using a DC Pump for Remote Solar Installations 用于远程太阳能装置的直流水泵水系统

Proceedings. IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference

Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ghtc46095.2019.9033070

S. Szablya, G. Goldsmith, Kevin Allen, Nathan Gray

A solar water pump was installed in Panama for a small community. A data acquisition system is transmitting electrical, water flow, and environmental data in real time and can be viewed on a web browser. The pump does not require an inverter and instead operates as a constant-current device, meaning that the power is linearly proportional to the number of panels connected in series. This presentation provides the actual electrical performance of the system and compares that to the optimal flow of water for a various numbers of panels and environmental conditions. Up until now these electrical and flow characteristics have not been available, yet are critical for sizing panels to this and similar systems. The presenters will offer some guidelines for sizing these solar water systems in the future.

在巴拿马为一个小社区安装了一个太阳能水泵。数据采集系统正在实时传输电力、水流和环境数据，并可在web浏览器上查看。该泵不需要逆变器，而是作为恒流设备运行，这意味着功率与串联连接的面板数量成线性比例。本演示提供了系统的实际电气性能，并将其与各种数量的面板和环境条件下的最佳水流进行了比较。到目前为止，这些电气和流量特性尚未可用，但对于该系统和类似系统的面板尺寸至关重要。演讲者将提供一些指导方针，以确定未来这些太阳能水系统的规模。

引用次数: 0

Geo-Referenced Infrastructure and Demographic Data for Development 地理参考基础设施和人口数据促进发展

Proceedings. IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference

Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ghtc46095.2019.9033027

Io Blair-Freese

GRID3 (Geo-Referenced Infrastructure and Demographic Data for Development) works with countries to generate, validate and use geospatial data on population, settlements, infrastructure, and administrative boundaries. GRID3 combines the expertise of partners in government, United Nations, academia, and the private sector to design adaptable and relevant geospatial solutions based on capacity and development needs of each country.

GRID3(地理参考基础设施和人口数据促进发展)与各国合作，生成、验证和使用有关人口、住区、基础设施和行政边界的地理空间数据。GRID3结合了政府、联合国、学术界和私营部门合作伙伴的专业知识，根据每个国家的能力和发展需求设计适应性强的相关地理空间解决方案。

引用次数: 16

Women-Specific Training Programs for the Development of a Renewable Energy Workforce 针对妇女的可再生能源劳动力发展培训项目

Proceedings. IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference

Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ghtc46095.2019.9033032

C. Weis

According to the UN, slightly less than 1 billion people are functioning without electricity and 50% of them are found in sub-Saharan Africa alone. Increased use of renewable energy is crucial to creating more sustainable communities that are resilient to environmental issues like climate change as well as to improving the quality of life through access to clean electricity.

据联合国统计，全球有不到10亿人在没有电的情况下生活，其中50%生活在撒哈拉以南非洲地区。增加可再生能源的使用对于创建更具可持续性的社区至关重要，这些社区能够适应气候变化等环境问题，并通过获得清洁电力来提高生活质量。

引用次数: 0

Rwanda Water Distribution 卢旺达水资源分配

Proceedings. IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference

Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ghtc46095.2019.9033090

Brian A. Friedman, Brooke Baugher

This project aims to address the water needs of a small, agricultural community in rural Rwanda through collaboration between the local NGO, Fondazione Marcegaglia Onlus (FMO), and two university teams at Virginia Tech. The community of Rilima, Rwanda lacks access to clean water. Several handpumps have been implemented but failed due to mechanical issues. The government has attempted to provide access to clean water, but the water was too expensive for individual families. Since this attempt, the infrastructure (pipes, etc.) that the government implemented has been destroyed by other government construction.

该项目旨在通过当地非政府组织Fondazione Marcegaglia Onlus (FMO)与弗吉尼亚理工大学的两个大学团队合作，解决卢旺达农村一个小型农业社区的用水需求。卢旺达Rilima社区缺乏清洁水。已经实施了几个手动泵，但由于机械问题而失败。政府曾试图提供清洁用水，但对于单个家庭来说，水太贵了。自这次尝试以来，政府实施的基础设施(管道等)已被其他政府建设所破坏。

引用次数: 0

Ultra-low-cost, high quality bubble CPAP for low resource settings 超低成本，高质量的气泡CPAP低资源设置

Proceedings. IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference

Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ghtc46095.2019.9033132

M. Dundek, Kamyar Mollazadeh-Moghaddam, A. Bellare, T. Burke, Rupam Sharma, J. Owuor

Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (bCPAP) is a life-saving intervention for children and newborns with respiratory distress. A typical bCPAP circuit consists of a source of air with a blender that adjusts its oxygen concentration, a nasal interface that delivers the gas to the patient, and a water reservoir that generates pressure. The nasal interface and water reservoir can be sourced at low cost, but all existing blenders are high cost and require either compressed medical air (typically unavailable in low resource settings) or electricity, which can be unreliable in these settings. Oxygen is often the only pressurized gas available. Therefore, some improvised devices will give the patient pure oxygen, which is harmful to neonates' eyes, lungs, and brain. We aimed to create an ultra-low-cost, high quality bCPAP system that overcomes these barriers to scale.

气泡持续气道正压通气(bCPAP)是一种拯救呼吸窘迫儿童和新生儿生命的干预措施。一个典型的bCPAP电路由一个带混合器的气源组成，该混合器可调节其氧气浓度，一个将气体输送给患者的鼻界面，以及一个产生压力的蓄水池。鼻接口和蓄水池可以以低成本采购，但所有现有的搅拌器都是高成本的，并且需要压缩医疗空气(通常在资源匮乏的环境中不可用)或电力，这在这些环境中可能不可靠。氧气通常是唯一可用的加压气体。因此，一些临时装置会给病人纯氧，这对新生儿的眼睛、肺和大脑都是有害的。我们的目标是创建一个超低成本、高质量的bCPAP系统，克服这些规模障碍。

引用次数: 1

Complete diet in Minimal Area 在最小区域内完成饮食

Proceedings. IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference

Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ghtc46095.2019.9033034

Nicolás di Tada

We describe a prototype that aims to solve what we call Complete diet in minimal area: an optimization of a farming plan that results in a harvest that provides complete nutritional coverage while minimizing the land area required.

我们描述了一个原型，旨在解决我们所谓的“最小面积的完全饮食”:一种农业计划的优化，在收获的同时提供完整的营养覆盖，同时最小化所需的土地面积。

引用次数: 0

Affordable Custom Three-Dimensional Anatomy Atlases. 负担得起的定制三维解剖地图集。

Proceedings. IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference

Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ghtc46095.2019.9033044

Nayra Pumar-Carreras, Carlos Luque, Michael Halle, Babacar Diao, Cheikh Tidiane Diop, Juan Ruiz-Alzola

In this paper, we present methodology and tools for creating custom three-dimensional anatomical atlases for medical education based on web technologies and open-source software. Traditional medical anatomy education has relied on printed anatomical atlases, in-person lectures, and anatomical dissection. This traditional approach underserves populations in need due to high cost, lack of availability of materials, and a limited of trained educators. Open and free online anatomical atlases developed by an international community of experts help remedy these shortcomings, more fully addressing the sustainable development goals of quality education and good health at a global scale. We have developed a web application, the Atlas Assembly Tool, that assists medical professionals in assembling atlases for open dissemination throughout the world. Our tool aims to complement existing open source medical projects such as 3D Slicer and the Open Anatomy Browser to provide a pipeline from original medical image data to web-browsable atlases suitable for medical education. Our development is an integral part of the European INTERREG MACbioIDi project, promoting sustainable development through technology-based medical education and training in close collaboration with partners in Europe, Africa and the United States.

在本文中，我们提出了基于网络技术和开源软件为医学教育创建自定义三维解剖地图集的方法和工具。传统的医学解剖教育依赖于印刷的解剖图集、现场讲座和解剖解剖。由于成本高、材料缺乏以及训练有素的教育工作者有限，这种传统方法无法为有需要的人群提供服务。由国际专家社区开发的开放和免费在线解剖地图集有助于弥补这些缺点，更充分地解决全球范围内优质教育和良好健康的可持续发展目标。我们开发了一个网络应用程序，即地图集组装工具，它可以帮助医疗专业人员组装地图集，以便在全世界公开传播。我们的工具旨在补充现有的开源医疗项目，如3D切片器和开放解剖浏览器，以提供从原始医学图像数据到适合医学教育的可浏览的网络图集的管道。我们的发展是欧洲INTERREG MACbioIDi项目的组成部分，该项目与欧洲、非洲和美国的伙伴密切合作，通过基于技术的医学教育和培训促进可持续发展。

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引用次数: 1

The Shifting Global Trends in Practice of Basic Sanitation Services: An In-depth Comparative Analysis of the Current Conditions and Future Policy Recommendations 基本卫生服务实践中的全球变化趋势:对现状和未来政策建议的深入比较分析

Proceedings. IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference

Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC46095.2019.9033092

M. Afzal

Access to basic sanitation and clean water is one of the main sustainable development goals (SDG) acknowledged by UNDP in 2016 [1]. The primary objective of these seventeen sustainable development goals, also known as global goals, is to obtain an inclusive and safe global environment for the people to enjoy sustainable peace and harmony in their communities. This study focuses on forty randomly selected countries from all over the world and categorized them into four groups based on the income level identified by the World Bank to determine the level sanitation practices based on population growth, educational attainment, and GDP growth [2]–[9]. The income level is defined by the gross income level per capita for each country and World Bank determines a benchmark to group these countries. The three primary objectives of this study are to explore, understand, and analyze the impact of urban population growth, the current economy, and educational attainment on the practice of using basic sanitation service among the selected countries' populations. Moreover, this study focuses on other key indicators that impact the basic access to sanitation and how that varies over the period of six years between 2010 to 2015 and offers evidence-based policy recommendations to improve the current practices among the population.

获得基本卫生设施和清洁水是联合国开发计划署2016年确认的主要可持续发展目标之一[1]。这17个可持续发展目标的主要目标，也被称为全球目标，是为了获得一个包容和安全的全球环境，让人们在他们的社区中享受可持续的和平与和谐。本研究以世界各地随机选取的40个国家为研究对象，根据世界银行确定的收入水平将其分为四组，根据人口增长、受教育程度和GDP增长来确定卫生实践水平[2]-[9]。收入水平由每个国家的人均总收入水平确定，世界银行确定一个基准来对这些国家进行分组。本研究的三个主要目标是探索、理解和分析城市人口增长、当前经济和受教育程度对选定国家人口使用基本卫生服务的影响。此外，本研究还侧重于影响基本卫生设施可及性的其他关键指标，以及在2010年至2015年的六年间这些指标的变化情况，并提供基于证据的政策建议，以改善人口中目前的做法。

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引用次数: 2

Development of a simplified reader for digital droplet assays performed in limited resource settings 在有限资源环境下进行数字液滴分析的简化阅读器的开发

Proceedings. IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference

Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ghtc46095.2019.9033113

S. Byrnes, Tim Chang, David Nash, Toan Huynh, B. Weigl, K. P. Nichols

Digital assays are quickly becoming a gold standard method for accurately quantifying biomarkers, but systems to perform these assays still require complex, expensive equipment and highly trained users limiting their adoption in resource limited settings. In this paper, we describe the development of a simple digital assay reader that would expand access of digital assays to multiple settings.

数字分析正在迅速成为准确定量生物标志物的金标准方法，但是执行这些分析的系统仍然需要复杂、昂贵的设备和训练有素的用户，这限制了它们在资源有限的环境中的采用。在本文中，我们描述了一个简单的数字分析阅读器的发展，将扩大访问的数字分析到多个设置。

引用次数: 0

Towards Practical Utilization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Disaster Mitigation - UAV Operation Drill 浅谈无人机在减灾中的实际应用——无人机操作演练

Proceedings. IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference

Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ghtc46095.2019.9033106

S. Kashihara, Atsushi Yamamoto, K. Matsuzaki, Kosei Miyazaki, Tomoya Seki, Go Urakawa, M. Fukumoto, C. Ohta

This paper designs and creates an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) operation drill to acquire fundamental skills for executing a smooth and safe UAV operation at a disaster spot. The establishment of operation methods is indispensable to enable full utilization of new technologies such as UAV. In this paper, after organizing the requirements for UAV operation, we then propose a series of procedures as a drill, including fundamental skills. The drill contributes to executing the smooth and safe UAV operation and will be a reference model for creating other UAV operations.

本文设计并制作了无人机操作演练，以掌握无人机在灾害现场顺利、安全操作的基本技能。要充分利用无人机等新技术，操作方法的建立是必不可少的。本文在梳理了无人机的操作要求后，提出了包括基本技能在内的一系列程序作为演练。该演习有助于执行平稳和安全的无人机操作，并将成为创建其他无人机操作的参考模型。

引用次数: 2

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