Pub Date : 2019-08-30DOI: 10.1108/S0275-495920190000037007
F. Rivera, Kristine M. Molina, Ethel G. Nicdao
Originality/Value of Paper Overall, our study makes several contributions to the sociological study of mental health differentials among Latinos. We show the importance of the association between subjective SES indicators and psychological distress. We also demonstrate how the associations analyzed in this study varied by Latino subethnicity, which we argue is an important step to fully understand the different social processes associated with the mental health of different Latina/o groups.
{"title":"Psychological Distress Differentials as a Function of Subjective Social Status among Latino Subgroups in the United States","authors":"F. Rivera, Kristine M. Molina, Ethel G. Nicdao","doi":"10.1108/S0275-495920190000037007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S0275-495920190000037007","url":null,"abstract":"Originality/Value of Paper\u0000Overall, our study makes several contributions to the sociological study of mental health differentials among Latinos. We show the importance of the association between subjective SES indicators and psychological distress. We also demonstrate how the associations analyzed in this study varied by Latino subethnicity, which we argue is an important step to fully understand the different social processes associated with the mental health of different Latina/o groups.","PeriodicalId":74681,"journal":{"name":"Research in the sociology of health care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/S0275-495920190000037007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41731201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-05DOI: 10.1108/S0275-495920180000036021
J. Kronenfeld
Abstract Purpose This chapter provides an introduction to the volume along with a brief review of literature on gender, women’s health concerns, and other social factors in health and health care services. Methodology/approach Literature review. Findings The chapter argues for the importance of greater examination of gender, women’s health concerns, and social factors in health and health care services. Originality/value Reviews the issues of gender, women, and social factors and previews this book.
{"title":"Gender, Women, and Other Social Factors in Health and Health Care","authors":"J. Kronenfeld","doi":"10.1108/S0275-495920180000036021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S0275-495920180000036021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Purpose \u0000This chapter provides an introduction to the volume along with a brief review of literature on gender, women’s health concerns, and other social factors in health and health care services. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methodology/approach \u0000Literature review. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Findings \u0000The chapter argues for the importance of greater examination of gender, women’s health concerns, and social factors in health and health care services. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Originality/value \u0000Reviews the issues of gender, women, and social factors and previews this book.","PeriodicalId":74681,"journal":{"name":"Research in the sociology of health care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/S0275-495920180000036021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43361822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-05DOI: 10.1108/S0275-495920180000036011
R. Valeeva, P. Bracke
Abstract Purpose Previous research shows differences between women and men in utilization of facilities of health care (FHC) across the general population in a number of countries. In this chapter, we focus on the capability to use FHC, because it refers to an individual freedom to choose between alternative FHC directed to restore or to improve own health in situations of health needs. Based on several empirical studies and on the insights of the capability approach, we propose that there are cross-national differences between women and men in the capability to use FHC, and that these differences are due to gender differences in the extent of educational skills, and due to differences in the extensiveness of social security policies across countries. The objective of this study was to question these propositions. Methodology/approach We tested the hypotheses using the data from the European Social Survey (in a sample of 38,992 respondents from 22 countries) which we analyzed performing multilevel analyses. Findings The findings show that in Central, North, West, and East European countries, women have more capabilities to use FHC than men. They suggest that the low-skilled women in Central, North, and West European countries have higher level of the capability to use FHC than women with more educational skills. Research limitations/implications The findings do not specify which particular social program or policy is more effective in enhancing women’s capability to use FHC. Originality/value This chapter focuses on women’s freedom or the capability to use FHC.
{"title":"Are There Gender Differences in the Capability to Use Facilities of Health Care? A Multilevel Analysis of 22 Countries","authors":"R. Valeeva, P. Bracke","doi":"10.1108/S0275-495920180000036011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S0275-495920180000036011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Purpose \u0000Previous research shows differences between women and men in utilization of facilities of health care (FHC) across the general population in a number of countries. In this chapter, we focus on the capability to use FHC, because it refers to an individual freedom to choose between alternative FHC directed to restore or to improve own health in situations of health needs. Based on several empirical studies and on the insights of the capability approach, we propose that there are cross-national differences between women and men in the capability to use FHC, and that these differences are due to gender differences in the extent of educational skills, and due to differences in the extensiveness of social security policies across countries. The objective of this study was to question these propositions. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methodology/approach \u0000We tested the hypotheses using the data from the European Social Survey (in a sample of 38,992 respondents from 22 countries) which we analyzed performing multilevel analyses. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Findings \u0000The findings show that in Central, North, West, and East European countries, women have more capabilities to use FHC than men. They suggest that the low-skilled women in Central, North, and West European countries have higher level of the capability to use FHC than women with more educational skills. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Research limitations/implications \u0000The findings do not specify which particular social program or policy is more effective in enhancing women’s capability to use FHC. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Originality/value \u0000This chapter focuses on women’s freedom or the capability to use FHC.","PeriodicalId":74681,"journal":{"name":"Research in the sociology of health care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/S0275-495920180000036011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44826624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-05DOI: 10.1108/S0275-495920180000036001
Karen Powroznik, Irena Stepanikova, K. Cook
Abstract Purpose This research explores how gender influences the experience of cancer care and proposes a new explanation for gender differences in posttraumatic growth among individuals who received blood or marrow transplantation as treatment for lymphoma. Methodology/approach We use mixed methods, combining quantitative examination of surveys with 180 survivors with qualitative findings from semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 50 survivors. Participants were 2–25 years after transplantation. Quantitative data were analyzed using statistical modeling; qualitative data were analyzed using thematic coding. Findings A quantitative examination indicates that compared to men, women report greater posttraumatic growth and more positive impacts of cancer despite having lower physical health. These gender differences are robust even after controlling for physical and emotional well-being, life satisfaction, and social support. Qualitative findings from in-depth interviews show that gender norms and expectations about masculinity and femininity shape how individuals experience illness and perform the role of patient and survivor. Expectations about being a good patient and survivor are more aligned with expectations about femininity and tend to conflict with expectations about masculinity. Gender norms discourage men from reporting personal growth from cancer and encourage women to overemphasize the positive aspects of having had cancer. Research limitations/implications This study was conducted two or more years after treatment had ended; therefore, potential for recall bias existed. Nevertheless, the findings suggest that viewing cancer as transformative is part of a gender performance that limits opportunities for individuals to experience and express a diverse range of reactions which, at times, increases the emotional burden on individuals. Originality/value By combining survey data with in-depth interviews, the study offers new insights into the causes of gender differences in the reporting of patient outcomes after illness.
{"title":"Growth from Trauma: Gender Differences in the Experience of Cancer and Long-term Survivorship","authors":"Karen Powroznik, Irena Stepanikova, K. Cook","doi":"10.1108/S0275-495920180000036001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S0275-495920180000036001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Purpose \u0000This research explores how gender influences the experience of cancer care and proposes a new explanation for gender differences in posttraumatic growth among individuals who received blood or marrow transplantation as treatment for lymphoma. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methodology/approach \u0000We use mixed methods, combining quantitative examination of surveys with 180 survivors with qualitative findings from semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 50 survivors. Participants were 2–25 years after transplantation. Quantitative data were analyzed using statistical modeling; qualitative data were analyzed using thematic coding. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Findings \u0000A quantitative examination indicates that compared to men, women report greater posttraumatic growth and more positive impacts of cancer despite having lower physical health. These gender differences are robust even after controlling for physical and emotional well-being, life satisfaction, and social support. Qualitative findings from in-depth interviews show that gender norms and expectations about masculinity and femininity shape how individuals experience illness and perform the role of patient and survivor. Expectations about being a good patient and survivor are more aligned with expectations about femininity and tend to conflict with expectations about masculinity. Gender norms discourage men from reporting personal growth from cancer and encourage women to overemphasize the positive aspects of having had cancer. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Research limitations/implications \u0000This study was conducted two or more years after treatment had ended; therefore, potential for recall bias existed. Nevertheless, the findings suggest that viewing cancer as transformative is part of a gender performance that limits opportunities for individuals to experience and express a diverse range of reactions which, at times, increases the emotional burden on individuals. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Originality/value \u0000By combining survey data with in-depth interviews, the study offers new insights into the causes of gender differences in the reporting of patient outcomes after illness.","PeriodicalId":74681,"journal":{"name":"Research in the sociology of health care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/S0275-495920180000036001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45497694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-05DOI: 10.1108/S0275-495920180000036014
L. Carver
Abstract Purpose The measurement of gender in health research often consists of the substitution of the word “gender” in a question that is really asking about sex (physiological characteristics). When gender roles and expressions are actually measured it is normally with a tool such as the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), which is time-consuming to complete and requires expertise to analyze. This study introduces a brief gender measure: a categorical, single-item, self-report, gender measure (SR-Gender), and demonstrates the validity and usability of this new tool. Methodology/approach The SR-Gender was validated in two studies. Participants in Study One were 137 undergraduates. Concurrent criterion validity was assessed by an analysis comparing responses to the SR-Gender and the BSRI and an open-ended gender question. The goal was to ascertain whether the gender identities that these students reported in the SR-Gender were consistent with the classifications obtained on other gender measurement tools. In the second study, the SR-Gender was used with a group of adults over 65 years old in a study of aging with illness. Findings This study established that the SR-Gender classifications of gender identity were consistent with the results obtained by the open-ended gender question and more complex BSRI measure. The SR-Gender was easily understood and used by younger and older adults, and resulted in nuanced gender classifications. Research limitations/implications The SR-Gender takes seconds to complete and provides health researchers with categorical gender classifications that can then be used in analysis of health outcomes, separately or in tandem with physiological sex. It treats masculinity and femininity as independent constructs and includes the potential for androgynous and undifferentiated responses. It is not recommended for in-depth gender research due to the simplicity of the tool. Originality/value This chapter introduces the SR-Gender, a simple, quick, and easy-to-use gender measure that could transform health research from paying lip service to gender to actual gender classification, allowing researchers to directly explore the impact of gender identity on health, separately or interacting with other social determinants of health.
{"title":"Health and Gender: Quantifying the Unquantifiable","authors":"L. Carver","doi":"10.1108/S0275-495920180000036014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S0275-495920180000036014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Purpose \u0000The measurement of gender in health research often consists of the substitution of the word “gender” in a question that is really asking about sex (physiological characteristics). When gender roles and expressions are actually measured it is normally with a tool such as the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), which is time-consuming to complete and requires expertise to analyze. This study introduces a brief gender measure: a categorical, single-item, self-report, gender measure (SR-Gender), and demonstrates the validity and usability of this new tool. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methodology/approach \u0000The SR-Gender was validated in two studies. Participants in Study One were 137 undergraduates. Concurrent criterion validity was assessed by an analysis comparing responses to the SR-Gender and the BSRI and an open-ended gender question. The goal was to ascertain whether the gender identities that these students reported in the SR-Gender were consistent with the classifications obtained on other gender measurement tools. In the second study, the SR-Gender was used with a group of adults over 65 years old in a study of aging with illness. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Findings \u0000This study established that the SR-Gender classifications of gender identity were consistent with the results obtained by the open-ended gender question and more complex BSRI measure. The SR-Gender was easily understood and used by younger and older adults, and resulted in nuanced gender classifications. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Research limitations/implications \u0000The SR-Gender takes seconds to complete and provides health researchers with categorical gender classifications that can then be used in analysis of health outcomes, separately or in tandem with physiological sex. It treats masculinity and femininity as independent constructs and includes the potential for androgynous and undifferentiated responses. It is not recommended for in-depth gender research due to the simplicity of the tool. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Originality/value \u0000This chapter introduces the SR-Gender, a simple, quick, and easy-to-use gender measure that could transform health research from paying lip service to gender to actual gender classification, allowing researchers to directly explore the impact of gender identity on health, separately or interacting with other social determinants of health.","PeriodicalId":74681,"journal":{"name":"Research in the sociology of health care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/S0275-495920180000036014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45954509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-05DOI: 10.1108/S0275-495920180000036013
Jenelle R. Walker, J. Nizigiyimana, Oluwasola Banke-Thomas, Eric Niragira, Yvette Nijimbere, C. Johnson-Agbakwu
Abstract Purpose To determine the health status of women before, during, and after the war, and to explore women’s perceived health needs and current access to healthcare. Methodology/approach Individual interviews and focus groups were conducted in urban and rural areas. A total of 52 women participated in the study (N = 52; Individual Interviews, n = 12; Focus Group Participants, n = 40). Findings Women’s health concerns and healthcare needs overlap between the rural and urban communities. The women reported the needs for empowerment in the forms of social support groups for health, specialists for women’s health, education, resources, prevention, financial support to look for medical services, and mental health issues. Research limitations/implications Since these focus groups and interviews were conducted, the women have continued to meet. The strength of these meetings is represented in the forms of preparing a meal, eating, and socializing in unity. The social support experienced in these gatherings allows the women to openly express their issues, fears, concerns, joys, and successes. The CBPR approach is an important necessity when working with vulnerable populations. There were some inherent limitations due to economic issues to support the gatherings, transportation, and health-related complications that may have prevented women from attending. Originality/value Disparate health outcomes and biologic–environmental interactions are represented in female survivors of war. Their issues began or were exacerbated during war and continue today. In the future, we seek to identify and establish a culturally and gender-specific intervention for health access, prevention, maintenance, and improvements.
{"title":"Burundian Female Survivors of War (SOW): Views of Health Before, During, and Post Conflict","authors":"Jenelle R. Walker, J. Nizigiyimana, Oluwasola Banke-Thomas, Eric Niragira, Yvette Nijimbere, C. Johnson-Agbakwu","doi":"10.1108/S0275-495920180000036013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S0275-495920180000036013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Purpose \u0000To determine the health status of women before, during, and after the war, and to explore women’s perceived health needs and current access to healthcare. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methodology/approach \u0000Individual interviews and focus groups were conducted in urban and rural areas. A total of 52 women participated in the study (N = 52; Individual Interviews, n = 12; Focus Group Participants, n = 40). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Findings \u0000Women’s health concerns and healthcare needs overlap between the rural and urban communities. The women reported the needs for empowerment in the forms of social support groups for health, specialists for women’s health, education, resources, prevention, financial support to look for medical services, and mental health issues. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Research limitations/implications \u0000Since these focus groups and interviews were conducted, the women have continued to meet. The strength of these meetings is represented in the forms of preparing a meal, eating, and socializing in unity. The social support experienced in these gatherings allows the women to openly express their issues, fears, concerns, joys, and successes. The CBPR approach is an important necessity when working with vulnerable populations. There were some inherent limitations due to economic issues to support the gatherings, transportation, and health-related complications that may have prevented women from attending. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Originality/value \u0000Disparate health outcomes and biologic–environmental interactions are represented in female survivors of war. Their issues began or were exacerbated during war and continue today. In the future, we seek to identify and establish a culturally and gender-specific intervention for health access, prevention, maintenance, and improvements.","PeriodicalId":74681,"journal":{"name":"Research in the sociology of health care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/S0275-495920180000036013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44542751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-05DOI: 10.1108/S0275-495920180000036004
J. Liddell, Katherine M. Johnson
Originality/value These findings address an important, under-examined aspect of women’s childbirth experiences. This study investigates how different birth experiences and interactions either promote or violate childbearing women’s perception of dignity, and has significant implications for the provision of maternal healthcare. The results reinforce the importance of focusing on the socio-psychological dimensions of childbirth.
{"title":"Dignity in Childbirth: US Women’s Perceptions of Respect and Autonomy in Hospital Births","authors":"J. Liddell, Katherine M. Johnson","doi":"10.1108/S0275-495920180000036004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S0275-495920180000036004","url":null,"abstract":"Originality/value\u0000These findings address an important, under-examined aspect of women’s childbirth experiences. This study investigates how different birth experiences and interactions either promote or violate childbearing women’s perception of dignity, and has significant implications for the provision of maternal healthcare. The results reinforce the importance of focusing on the socio-psychological dimensions of childbirth.","PeriodicalId":74681,"journal":{"name":"Research in the sociology of health care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/S0275-495920180000036004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47002644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-05DOI: 10.1108/s0275-495920180000036019
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1108/s0275-495920180000036019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/s0275-495920180000036019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74681,"journal":{"name":"Research in the sociology of health care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/s0275-495920180000036019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43256715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-05DOI: 10.1108/S0275-495920180000036012
N. Quashie
Originality/value The study contributes to the literature on health care utilization among older adults within developing countries and highlights the pertinence of family relations influencing gender differences in health care utilization.
{"title":"Gender Differences in Health Care Utilization among Older Adults in Barbados","authors":"N. Quashie","doi":"10.1108/S0275-495920180000036012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S0275-495920180000036012","url":null,"abstract":"Originality/value\u0000The study contributes to the literature on health care utilization among older adults within developing countries and highlights the pertinence of family relations influencing gender differences in health care utilization.","PeriodicalId":74681,"journal":{"name":"Research in the sociology of health care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/S0275-495920180000036012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49419468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-05DOI: 10.1108/S0275-495920180000036009
Celeste Campos-Castillo
Abstract Purpose Existing descriptions of trust in health care largely assume a straightforward association between a patient’s relationship with a regular provider and his or her trust in health care. I extend status characteristics theory (SCT) and social identity theory (SIT) to suggest greater variability in this association by investigating the role of social differences between patients and their regular providers. Whereas the SIT extension predicts lower trust in dissimilar than similar dyads, the predictions from the SCT extension depend on status in dissimilar dyads. Further, research examining how social differences in patient–provider dyads shape trust largely emphasizes racial differences, but the theories implicate gender differences too. Methodology/approach I analyze a longitudinal dataset of patient–provider dyads offering a conservative test of the extensions. Findings Results generally support predictions from the SCT extension. Specifically, patients’ status based on differences in either race or gender: (1) is inversely related to their trust in health care and (2) influences the resiliency of their trust, whereby the degree health care met prior expectations matters less (more) for the trust of low (high) status patients than equal status patients. Research limitations/implications When patients and providers differ on both race and gender, findings sometimes depart from predictions. This indicates differences in two social categories is a unique situation where the contributions of each category are distinct from that of the other. Originality/value This research extends SCT to explain greater variability in the connection between patient–provider dyads and trust in health care, while also showing how gender compares to race.
{"title":"Trust in Health Care: Understanding the Role of Gender and Racial Differences between Patients and Providers","authors":"Celeste Campos-Castillo","doi":"10.1108/S0275-495920180000036009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S0275-495920180000036009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Purpose \u0000Existing descriptions of trust in health care largely assume a straightforward association between a patient’s relationship with a regular provider and his or her trust in health care. I extend status characteristics theory (SCT) and social identity theory (SIT) to suggest greater variability in this association by investigating the role of social differences between patients and their regular providers. Whereas the SIT extension predicts lower trust in dissimilar than similar dyads, the predictions from the SCT extension depend on status in dissimilar dyads. Further, research examining how social differences in patient–provider dyads shape trust largely emphasizes racial differences, but the theories implicate gender differences too. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methodology/approach \u0000I analyze a longitudinal dataset of patient–provider dyads offering a conservative test of the extensions. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Findings \u0000Results generally support predictions from the SCT extension. Specifically, patients’ status based on differences in either race or gender: (1) is inversely related to their trust in health care and (2) influences the resiliency of their trust, whereby the degree health care met prior expectations matters less (more) for the trust of low (high) status patients than equal status patients. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Research limitations/implications \u0000When patients and providers differ on both race and gender, findings sometimes depart from predictions. This indicates differences in two social categories is a unique situation where the contributions of each category are distinct from that of the other. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Originality/value \u0000This research extends SCT to explain greater variability in the connection between patient–provider dyads and trust in health care, while also showing how gender compares to race.","PeriodicalId":74681,"journal":{"name":"Research in the sociology of health care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/S0275-495920180000036009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49582328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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