I. Abubakar, I. Malami, Aliyu Muhamamd, Tijjani Salihu Shinkafi, Dayyabu Shehu, Patrick MaduabuchiAja
Piliostigma thonningii is a medicinal plant commonly found in Eastern and Western Africa with a potential traditional usage to treat various diseases. Several studies have revealed interesting pharmacological activities of the plant and different phytochemicals were identified. This study critically reviewed the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of P. thonningii. Relevant databases including ISI Web of Knowledge, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar as well as databases for theses were searched for information using the keyword P. thonningii and its synonym. P. thonningii is majorly prepared in Africa as a decoction, infusion, maceration, and ointment and administered orally or topically to treat several diseases such as malaria, cancer, hepatitis, diabetes, and others. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated activities including antimalarial, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-proliferative, and other medicinal properties. Compounds including piliostigmin, C-methyl flavonols, quercetin, and others were among the active components. The general use of P. thonnigii in various medicinal forms in Africa presents a great opportunity for the development of innovative research toward the production of natural products and nutraceuticals. Nevertheless, additional studies especially in vivo are necessary to further elucidate the mechanism mediating the bioactivities, especially in relation to the medicinal and nutritional uses.
Piliostigma thonningii 是一种常见于非洲东部和西部的药用植物，具有治疗各种疾病的潜在传统用途。多项研究揭示了该植物有趣的药理活性，并发现了不同的植物化学物质。本研究对 P. thonningii 的药用、植物化学和生物活性进行了严格审查。 使用关键词 P. thonningii 及其同义词搜索了相关数据库，包括 ISI Web of Knowledge、Science Direct、Scopus、PubMed 和 Google Scholar 以及论文数据库。 在非洲，P. thonningii 主要被制成煎剂、注射剂、浸渍剂和软膏剂，口服或外用可治疗多种疾病，如疟疾、癌症、肝炎、糖尿病等。药理研究表明，它具有抗疟、抗病毒、抗菌、抗增殖和其他药用特性。其活性成分包括 piliostigmin、C-甲基黄酮醇、槲皮素等化合物。 在非洲，P. thonnigii 以各种药用形式被广泛使用，这为天然产品和营养保健品生产方面的创新研究提供了巨大的发展机遇。不过，有必要进行更多的研究，特别是体内研究，以进一步阐明生物活性的介导机制，尤其是与药用和营养用途有关的机制。
{"title":"A review of the medicinal uses and biological activities of Piliostigma thonningii (Schum). Milne-Redh","authors":"I. Abubakar, I. Malami, Aliyu Muhamamd, Tijjani Salihu Shinkafi, Dayyabu Shehu, Patrick MaduabuchiAja","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqae004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqae004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Piliostigma thonningii is a medicinal plant commonly found in Eastern and Western Africa with a potential traditional usage to treat various diseases. Several studies have revealed interesting pharmacological activities of the plant and different phytochemicals were identified. This study critically reviewed the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of P. thonningii.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Relevant databases including ISI Web of Knowledge, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar as well as databases for theses were searched for information using the keyword P. thonningii and its synonym.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 P. thonningii is majorly prepared in Africa as a decoction, infusion, maceration, and ointment and administered orally or topically to treat several diseases such as malaria, cancer, hepatitis, diabetes, and others. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated activities including antimalarial, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-proliferative, and other medicinal properties. Compounds including piliostigmin, C-methyl flavonols, quercetin, and others were among the active components.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The general use of P. thonnigii in various medicinal forms in Africa presents a great opportunity for the development of innovative research toward the production of natural products and nutraceuticals. Nevertheless, additional studies especially in vivo are necessary to further elucidate the mechanism mediating the bioactivities, especially in relation to the medicinal and nutritional uses.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":"410 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Savuntherii Baskaran, Qi Yan Siew, Michelle T T Tan, H. Loh
In recent years, theranostic applications have emerged as promising tools in the fight against lung and breast cancers. This review aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the proof-of-concept theranostic applications of two cutting-edge nanomaterials: gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and graphene. Nanotechnology plays a revolutionary role in cancer theranostics. AuNPs’ properties include high surface plasmon resonances, advantageous surface-to-volume ratio, remarkable photothermal conversion rates, and distinctive optical characteristics. Whereas graphene boasts high surface areas, optical transparency, and remarkable versatility in surface functionalisation. While AuNPs have long been recognised for their theranostic potential, this review spotlights the burgeoning role of graphene as a compelling choice for advancing theranostic applications in oncology with several exemplar studies. In fact, most recent advancements have witnessed the integration of AuNP-graphene nanocomposites in theranostic approaches targeting lung and breast cancers. Yet, there are still many intricate challenges that researchers face in harnessing the full potential of these nanomaterials in theranostics, from synthesis to clinical translation. This review provides valuable insights into both established and emerging nanomaterials. AuNPs show significant potential for diverse cancer theranostic applications, and graphene is rapidly evolving as a next-generation theranostic platform. The hybrid AuNP-graphene nanocomposite stands out as a promising candidate in the evolving landscape of cancer therapy, offering exciting prospects for future research and development.
{"title":"Theranostic Tools against Lung and Breast Cancers: Through the Lens of Mature Gold Nanoparticles and Emerging Graphene","authors":"Savuntherii Baskaran, Qi Yan Siew, Michelle T T Tan, H. Loh","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqae003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqae003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In recent years, theranostic applications have emerged as promising tools in the fight against lung and breast cancers. This review aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the proof-of-concept theranostic applications of two cutting-edge nanomaterials: gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and graphene.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Nanotechnology plays a revolutionary role in cancer theranostics. AuNPs’ properties include high surface plasmon resonances, advantageous surface-to-volume ratio, remarkable photothermal conversion rates, and distinctive optical characteristics. Whereas graphene boasts high surface areas, optical transparency, and remarkable versatility in surface functionalisation. While AuNPs have long been recognised for their theranostic potential, this review spotlights the burgeoning role of graphene as a compelling choice for advancing theranostic applications in oncology with several exemplar studies. In fact, most recent advancements have witnessed the integration of AuNP-graphene nanocomposites in theranostic approaches targeting lung and breast cancers. Yet, there are still many intricate challenges that researchers face in harnessing the full potential of these nanomaterials in theranostics, from synthesis to clinical translation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This review provides valuable insights into both established and emerging nanomaterials. AuNPs show significant potential for diverse cancer theranostic applications, and graphene is rapidly evolving as a next-generation theranostic platform. The hybrid AuNP-graphene nanocomposite stands out as a promising candidate in the evolving landscape of cancer therapy, offering exciting prospects for future research and development.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":"55 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139598997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The interaction between genome components of the vaccines, host cells and SARS-CoV-2 variants can cause mutation of amino acids at high random frequency. Hence the present study is aimed at using the codon bases –amino acids components of some available strains with a view to determing new likely emergent strains of SARS-CoV-2. Some genome sizes and lengths of SARS-CoV-2 variants were either searched from literatures calculated. Point mutation of a single amino acid was deduced from 2/3 of sets of codon bases responsible for expression of amino acids. One base pair of 0.0047nm Codon Base Table was used to deduce the likely missense amino acids at probability of one-twentieth. New generated codon bases gave rise to new emergent strains of varying number of amino acid pairs. Amino acids have reappeared and disappeared in some strains. Nine strains altogether have shown stop codon bases and the remaining strains have tendency to form stop codons. Adenine has highest frequency of the stop codon bases whereas cytosine is not among stop codon. A total of 906 new variants were deduced from 54 coronavirus strains which initially lacked stop codons. The newly predicted strains may become less pathogenic and serve as immunogen via glycosylation. Strains with higher number of codon bases undergo mutation faster than that may end up in stop codons. Hence the likely emergent strains could be less virulent, less pathogenic and many from glycans that could serve as source for manufacturing of more reliable coronavirus vaccines.
{"title":"PREDICTION OF NEW LIKELY EMERGENT AMINO ACID POINT MUTATIONS FROM USA, UK, ITALY, FRANCE, BRAZIL AND INDIA SARS-CoV-2 VARIANTS: A POSSIBLE SOURCE FOR MORE RELIABLE COCKTAIL CORONAVIRUS VACCINE","authors":"Saganuwan Alhaji Saganuwan","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqae002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqae002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The interaction between genome components of the vaccines, host cells and SARS-CoV-2 variants can cause mutation of amino acids at high random frequency. Hence the present study is aimed at using the codon bases –amino acids components of some available strains with a view to determing new likely emergent strains of SARS-CoV-2.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Some genome sizes and lengths of SARS-CoV-2 variants were either searched from literatures calculated. Point mutation of a single amino acid was deduced from 2/3 of sets of codon bases responsible for expression of amino acids. One base pair of 0.0047nm Codon Base Table was used to deduce the likely missense amino acids at probability of one-twentieth.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 New generated codon bases gave rise to new emergent strains of varying number of amino acid pairs. Amino acids have reappeared and disappeared in some strains. Nine strains altogether have shown stop codon bases and the remaining strains have tendency to form stop codons. Adenine has highest frequency of the stop codon bases whereas cytosine is not among stop codon. A total of 906 new variants were deduced from 54 coronavirus strains which initially lacked stop codons. The newly predicted strains may become less pathogenic and serve as immunogen via glycosylation. Strains with higher number of codon bases undergo mutation faster than that may end up in stop codons.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Hence the likely emergent strains could be less virulent, less pathogenic and many from glycans that could serve as source for manufacturing of more reliable coronavirus vaccines.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. T. McQuillan, H. Hashim, N. Woodbridge, K. Swaminathan
Chloral hydrate is a halogenated hydrocarbon with sedative and hypnotic properties and has been used for its medicinal properties for many years. Its solubility and permeability determine it as a Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class 1 compound, and as such is ideal to be pharmaceutically presented as an aqueous oral liquid presentation. Its primary route of degradation is by hydrolysis to form formic acid and chloroform, and hence licensed pharmaceutical presentations require validated methods to analyse for these degradants. The content of the toxic chloroform degradation product was determined via a head-space gas chromatograph with a flame ionisation detector, and its level was controlled to a safe pharmaceutically acceptable level. This can be achieved by solution pH optimisation in the oral solution, incorporating a buffering system to control the rate of this degradation mechanism. Where other behavioural and pharmacological therapies have failed for the treatment of short-term severe insomnia, a Chloral hydrate 500mg/5mL Oral Solution presentation with optimised safety profile has been developed as a medication for prescription. Extensive analytical and formulation development work has arrived at a room temperature stable oral solution, with a multi-year expiry date.
{"title":"Controlling chloroform content to a safe level in a pharmaceutical oral solution of Chloral hydrate","authors":"J. T. McQuillan, H. Hashim, N. Woodbridge, K. Swaminathan","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Chloral hydrate is a halogenated hydrocarbon with sedative and hypnotic properties and has been used for its medicinal properties for many years. Its solubility and permeability determine it as a Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class 1 compound, and as such is ideal to be pharmaceutically presented as an aqueous oral liquid presentation. Its primary route of degradation is by hydrolysis to form formic acid and chloroform, and hence licensed pharmaceutical presentations require validated methods to analyse for these degradants. The content of the toxic chloroform degradation product was determined via a head-space gas chromatograph with a flame ionisation detector, and its level was controlled to a safe pharmaceutically acceptable level. This can be achieved by solution pH optimisation in the oral solution, incorporating a buffering system to control the rate of this degradation mechanism.\u0000 Where other behavioural and pharmacological therapies have failed for the treatment of short-term severe insomnia, a Chloral hydrate 500mg/5mL Oral Solution presentation with optimised safety profile has been developed as a medication for prescription. Extensive analytical and formulation development work has arrived at a room temperature stable oral solution, with a multi-year expiry date.","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138955923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Jahandideh, M. Roomiani, Maryam Arab, Mohammad Dehghani Firouzabadi
{"title":"Useful trick for improvement of nasal spray use","authors":"H. Jahandideh, M. Roomiani, Maryam Arab, Mohammad Dehghani Firouzabadi","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138622377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a dearth of relevant bioactive translational progress and post-scientific evidence on ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry of plants with anti-diarrheal potential in Africa. This study synthesized scientific evidence on commonly used African folkloric medicinal plants in the management/control of diarrhoea and antibiotic-resistant enterocyte-infecting bacteria in some African countries. Published articles from different databases on folk medicinal plants used in the treatment/management of bacteria-linked enterocyte infections and diarrhoea were reviewed systematically. The ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry of 75 folkloric plant species belonging to 67 families and 58 genera, including Asteraceae (10.45%), Myrtaceae (7.46%), (Anacardiaceae, Celastraceae, Fabaceae, Hydnoraceae) (5.97%) are the most used anti-diarrheal folkloric plants in the region. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.018mg/mL-8.45mg/mL) or (39μg/mL – 2000μg/mL) and 14.35 g/kg-8317.64 mg/kgLD50 on enterocyte bacteria strains. A solo author reported MIC of the pure component 6.25 μg/mL. Tree (38%) and tuber (3%) were the highest and least life forms of the folkloric plants used. Leaves (41%) were the most frequently used for folk preparations, while Aerial, fruits, seeds and combination of shoots+leaves (1.45%) were the least used. Fourteen authors' studies revealed the phytochemical profile, while six further elucidated the bioactive components of the folkloric plants used to manage diarrhoea. Our findings revealed the antibacterial potency of folkloric plants against diarrhoea and multiple antibiotic-resistant organisms. It suggests a gap in the appropriate documentation, application of such medicinal/folkloric plants, and low post-research advancement of effectively-tested plant types or bioactive agents, calling for well-organized future research engagements.
{"title":"Ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry of medicinal plants against enterocyte bacteria-linked infections and diarrhea in some African countries: A Systematic review","authors":"H. Onohuean, B. Igere","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad041","url":null,"abstract":"There is a dearth of relevant bioactive translational progress and post-scientific evidence on ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry of plants with anti-diarrheal potential in Africa. This study synthesized scientific evidence on commonly used African folkloric medicinal plants in the management/control of diarrhoea and antibiotic-resistant enterocyte-infecting bacteria in some African countries. Published articles from different databases on folk medicinal plants used in the treatment/management of bacteria-linked enterocyte infections and diarrhoea were reviewed systematically. The ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry of 75 folkloric plant species belonging to 67 families and 58 genera, including Asteraceae (10.45%), Myrtaceae (7.46%), (Anacardiaceae, Celastraceae, Fabaceae, Hydnoraceae) (5.97%) are the most used anti-diarrheal folkloric plants in the region. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.018mg/mL-8.45mg/mL) or (39μg/mL – 2000μg/mL) and 14.35 g/kg-8317.64 mg/kgLD50 on enterocyte bacteria strains. A solo author reported MIC of the pure component 6.25 μg/mL. Tree (38%) and tuber (3%) were the highest and least life forms of the folkloric plants used. Leaves (41%) were the most frequently used for folk preparations, while Aerial, fruits, seeds and combination of shoots+leaves (1.45%) were the least used. Fourteen authors' studies revealed the phytochemical profile, while six further elucidated the bioactive components of the folkloric plants used to manage diarrhoea. Our findings revealed the antibacterial potency of folkloric plants against diarrhoea and multiple antibiotic-resistant organisms. It suggests a gap in the appropriate documentation, application of such medicinal/folkloric plants, and low post-research advancement of effectively-tested plant types or bioactive agents, calling for well-organized future research engagements.","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139221018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study twin-screw melt granulation (TSMG) was used to produce sustained release formulations and improve the poor compressibility of paracetamol (PMOL). By using polyethylene glycol (PEG), a low melting point binder and ethyl cellulose (EC) as insoluble carrier, granules the formation of granules occurred at low processing temperatures (55oC). X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed the presence of partially crystalline PMOL in the extruded granules. Compressed caplet tablets comprising of TSMG granules presented sustained release profiles for 3-4 h depending on the EC concentration. The tablets showed excellent tabletability and low compaction forces were applied. TSMG can be used for both poor compressibility actives and high-dose tablets.
{"title":"Twin-screw melt granulation for high-dose paracetamol tablets","authors":"Steven A. Ross, M. S. Mithu, Dennis Douroumis","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad039","url":null,"abstract":"In this study twin-screw melt granulation (TSMG) was used to produce sustained release formulations and improve the poor compressibility of paracetamol (PMOL). By using polyethylene glycol (PEG), a low melting point binder and ethyl cellulose (EC) as insoluble carrier, granules the formation of granules occurred at low processing temperatures (55oC). X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed the presence of partially crystalline PMOL in the extruded granules. Compressed caplet tablets comprising of TSMG granules presented sustained release profiles for 3-4 h depending on the EC concentration. The tablets showed excellent tabletability and low compaction forces were applied. TSMG can be used for both poor compressibility actives and high-dose tablets.","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objectives The potential protective effect of fullerenol C60(OH)24, a strong antioxidant, was investigated at a single dose of 25 mg/kg, administered orally (per os; p.o.) and intraperitoneally (i.p.), in the liver, lung, kidney, heart, and spleen of healthy pigs, prior to doxorubicin-induced toxicity at a single i.p. dose of 10 mg/kg. Methods We used the F1 generation of an in vivo pig model (whose parents were Swedish Landrace and Large Yorkshire), to explore whether fullerenol, administered 6 h for p.o. and 30 min for i.p. prior to doxorubicin treatment, could protect organs against damage caused by oxidative stress. Key findings According to the macroscopic, hematological, biochemical, and physiological results, fullerenol exerted a potential protective effect on all investigated organs (heart, liver, lung, spleen, and kidney) in pigs after i.p. administration. However, the results from fullerenol p.o. administration were inconclusive, therefore warranting further investigation. Conclusions Fullerenol at a low dose of 25 mg/kg demonstrated satisfactory organ protection against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in healthy pigs after i.p. injection, However, additional follow-up studies in pig models of cancer and with longer doxorubicin and fullerenol treatment periods would be required to further delineate the optimal and clinically-relevant conditions for fullerenol administration.
目的研究强抗氧化剂富勒烯醇C60(OH)24单次给药(25 mg/kg)的潜在保护作用。在单次口服剂量为10mg /kg的阿霉素引起毒性之前，在健康猪的肝脏、肺、肾脏、心脏和脾脏中进行腹腔注射(i.p.)。方法采用F1代在体猪模型(亲本为瑞典长白猪和大约克猪)，探讨在阿霉素治疗前分别给予6 h po和30 min ig的富勒烯醇是否能保护器官免受氧化应激损伤。根据宏观、血液学、生化和生理学结果，富勒烯醇在给药后对猪的所有器官(心、肝、肺、脾和肾)都有潜在的保护作用。然而，富勒烯醇口服的结果是不确定的，因此需要进一步的调查。结论低剂量(25 mg/kg)的富勒烯醇在健康猪腹腔注射后对多柔比星诱导的器官毒性具有满意的保护作用，然而，需要对猪癌症模型进行进一步的随访研究，并延长多柔比星和富勒烯醇的治疗时间，以进一步确定富勒烯醇给药的最佳条件和临床相关条件。
{"title":"Preliminary investigation of organ-protective effects of fullerenol in vivo in acute toxicity during doxorubicin therapy in healthy pigs","authors":"Rade Injac, Aleksandar Djordjevic, Borut Strukelj","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad038","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives The potential protective effect of fullerenol C60(OH)24, a strong antioxidant, was investigated at a single dose of 25 mg/kg, administered orally (per os; p.o.) and intraperitoneally (i.p.), in the liver, lung, kidney, heart, and spleen of healthy pigs, prior to doxorubicin-induced toxicity at a single i.p. dose of 10 mg/kg. Methods We used the F1 generation of an in vivo pig model (whose parents were Swedish Landrace and Large Yorkshire), to explore whether fullerenol, administered 6 h for p.o. and 30 min for i.p. prior to doxorubicin treatment, could protect organs against damage caused by oxidative stress. Key findings According to the macroscopic, hematological, biochemical, and physiological results, fullerenol exerted a potential protective effect on all investigated organs (heart, liver, lung, spleen, and kidney) in pigs after i.p. administration. However, the results from fullerenol p.o. administration were inconclusive, therefore warranting further investigation. Conclusions Fullerenol at a low dose of 25 mg/kg demonstrated satisfactory organ protection against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in healthy pigs after i.p. injection, However, additional follow-up studies in pig models of cancer and with longer doxorubicin and fullerenol treatment periods would be required to further delineate the optimal and clinically-relevant conditions for fullerenol administration.","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136281919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objective In traditional folk medicine, Ceiba pentandra has been used for its anti-diabetic and anti-infective effects. The present study investigates the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of the plant's leaves. Methods The anti-oedematous tests with carrageenan and Lipoxygenase inhibition assay were carried out concerning anti-inflammatory studies. DPPH free radical scavenging, Ferric-reducing antioxidant power, ABTS.+ free radical scavenging assay, and lipid peroxide determination were investigated for antioxidant activities. Key findings As a result, C. pentandra extract inhibited edema between 3 and 5 h in the order of 83.07 % and 94.09 % at 200 kg. b.w and lipoxygenase enzyme with a percentage of 87.11 ± 3.02 %. This study used the lipid peroxidation level as a marker. The results of the lipid peroxidation test show a percentage inhibition of 49.60 %, close to Trolox 48.11 %, and present a good antioxidant activity compare to the free radical scavenging assay. Conclusions The aqueous decoction of C. pentandra leaves has demonstrated anti-inflammatory solid activities as well as lipid peroxidation due to the presence of phytochemical groups of interest such as sterols, polyphenols, quinones, catechin tannins, flavonoids, and saponins.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities assessment of an aqueous extract of <i>Ceiba pentandra</i> (L.) Gaertn (Malvaceae)","authors":"Gniènèfèrètien Nounaféri Awa Silue, Mohamed Bonewendé Belemlilga, Ayoman Thierry-Lenoir Djadji, Tata Kadiatou Traore, Gilchrist Abdoul Laurent Boly, Moumouni Koala, Noufou Ouedraogo, Aristide Traore, Gisèle Kouakou-Siransy","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective In traditional folk medicine, Ceiba pentandra has been used for its anti-diabetic and anti-infective effects. The present study investigates the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of the plant's leaves. Methods The anti-oedematous tests with carrageenan and Lipoxygenase inhibition assay were carried out concerning anti-inflammatory studies. DPPH free radical scavenging, Ferric-reducing antioxidant power, ABTS.+ free radical scavenging assay, and lipid peroxide determination were investigated for antioxidant activities. Key findings As a result, C. pentandra extract inhibited edema between 3 and 5 h in the order of 83.07 % and 94.09 % at 200 kg. b.w and lipoxygenase enzyme with a percentage of 87.11 ± 3.02 %. This study used the lipid peroxidation level as a marker. The results of the lipid peroxidation test show a percentage inhibition of 49.60 %, close to Trolox 48.11 %, and present a good antioxidant activity compare to the free radical scavenging assay. Conclusions The aqueous decoction of C. pentandra leaves has demonstrated anti-inflammatory solid activities as well as lipid peroxidation due to the presence of phytochemical groups of interest such as sterols, polyphenols, quinones, catechin tannins, flavonoids, and saponins.","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objectives Recent advancements in molecular biology have led to a better understanding of the mechanisms associated with sensorineural hearing loss and other inner ear diseases. These developments offer hope for new treatment approaches benefiting millions of patients. However, drug therapy for the cochlea presents significant challenges, necessitating the development of innovative technologies to ensure safe and effective delivery of therapeutic compounds. Among these emerging technologies, microfluidic-based delivery systems are gaining attention as a promising method for direct intracochlear administration. Ultimately, these systems have the potential to provide sustained release of regenerative compounds, thereby restoring hearing in patients suffering from various auditory conditions. Key findings This article provides a comprehensive review of recent progress in the field of intracochlear drug delivery systems. In addition, the review encompasses passive systems, such as osmotic pumps, as well as active microfluidic devices. Moreover, the article discusses the integration of these delivery systems with existing cochlear implants. The primary objective is to offer a concise overview of the current state of development for intracochlear drug delivery systems, which can be combined with emerging therapeutic compounds to effectively treat inner ear diseases. Conclusions The safe and effective treatment of auditory diseases requires the development of microscale delivery devices capable of extended operation and direct application to the inner ear. To achieve this, significant advancements in miniaturization and integration of multiple functions are necessary. These functions include drug storage, delivery, power management, and sensing, ultimately enabling closed-loop control and timed-sequence delivery devices for the treatment of these diseases.
{"title":"Local drug delivery systems for the inner ear","authors":"Xuelian Dong, Huaqiong Li, Wei Zuo","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Recent advancements in molecular biology have led to a better understanding of the mechanisms associated with sensorineural hearing loss and other inner ear diseases. These developments offer hope for new treatment approaches benefiting millions of patients. However, drug therapy for the cochlea presents significant challenges, necessitating the development of innovative technologies to ensure safe and effective delivery of therapeutic compounds. Among these emerging technologies, microfluidic-based delivery systems are gaining attention as a promising method for direct intracochlear administration. Ultimately, these systems have the potential to provide sustained release of regenerative compounds, thereby restoring hearing in patients suffering from various auditory conditions. Key findings This article provides a comprehensive review of recent progress in the field of intracochlear drug delivery systems. In addition, the review encompasses passive systems, such as osmotic pumps, as well as active microfluidic devices. Moreover, the article discusses the integration of these delivery systems with existing cochlear implants. The primary objective is to offer a concise overview of the current state of development for intracochlear drug delivery systems, which can be combined with emerging therapeutic compounds to effectively treat inner ear diseases. Conclusions The safe and effective treatment of auditory diseases requires the development of microscale delivery devices capable of extended operation and direct application to the inner ear. To achieve this, significant advancements in miniaturization and integration of multiple functions are necessary. These functions include drug storage, delivery, power management, and sensing, ultimately enabling closed-loop control and timed-sequence delivery devices for the treatment of these diseases.","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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