O. Ugwu, E. Alum, Michael Ben Okon, P. M. Aja, E. Obeagu, E. Onyeneke
Effects of ethanol root extract and fractions of Sphenocentrum jollyanum on fasting blood glucose and body weight of streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino rats were carried. 48 rats were randomly assigned into 8 groups. Groups 1 and 2 were diabetic rats treated with 0.5 ml of normal saline and 0.5mg/kg b.w of glibenclamide, respectively while group 3 were non diabetic rats treated with 0.5ml of normal saline. Groups 4, 5 and 6 rats were diabetic rats treated with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w of extract, respectively, while rats in groups 7 and 8 were diabetic rats treated with 250 mg/kg b.w of methanol and ethylacetate fractions of Sphenocentrum jollyanum, respectively. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 70mg/kg b.w of streptozotocin. Fasting blood glucose levels were determined with glucometer. Treatment of diabetic rats with the extract and fractions of Sphenocentrum jollyanum at varied doses significantly (P<0.05) decreased glucose level in a dose and time dependent manner. There was an increase in body weights of rats during treatment. The extract and fractions lowered glucose levels and raised body weights of diabetic rats. This suggests that Sphenocentrum jollyanum possess antidiabetic property and could be useful in the management of diabetes.
{"title":"Ethanol root extract and fractions of Sphenocentrum jollyanum abrogate hyperglycemia and low body weight in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar albino Rats","authors":"O. Ugwu, E. Alum, Michael Ben Okon, P. M. Aja, E. Obeagu, E. Onyeneke","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Effects of ethanol root extract and fractions of Sphenocentrum jollyanum on fasting blood glucose and body weight of streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino rats were carried.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 48 rats were randomly assigned into 8 groups. Groups 1 and 2 were diabetic rats treated with 0.5 ml of normal saline and 0.5mg/kg b.w of glibenclamide, respectively while group 3 were non diabetic rats treated with 0.5ml of normal saline. Groups 4, 5 and 6 rats were diabetic rats treated with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w of extract, respectively, while rats in groups 7 and 8 were diabetic rats treated with 250 mg/kg b.w of methanol and ethylacetate fractions of Sphenocentrum jollyanum, respectively. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 70mg/kg b.w of streptozotocin. Fasting blood glucose levels were determined with glucometer.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Treatment of diabetic rats with the extract and fractions of Sphenocentrum jollyanum at varied doses significantly (P<0.05) decreased glucose level in a dose and time dependent manner. There was an increase in body weights of rats during treatment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The extract and fractions lowered glucose levels and raised body weights of diabetic rats. This suggests that Sphenocentrum jollyanum possess antidiabetic property and could be useful in the management of diabetes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47827730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Devadoss J Samuvel, Yasodha Krishnasamy, Li Li, John J Lemasters, C James Chou, Zhi Zhong
Objectives: Some histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoforms contribute to ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) injury (IRI). Here, we examined whether LP342, the lead candidate of a new generation of hydrazide-based HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), decreases hepatic IRI.
Methods: IR was induced by clamping blood vessels to ~70% of the livers of mice for 1 h.
Key findings: At 6 h after reperfusion, ALT markedly increased, and wide-spread necrosis, leukocyte infiltration, and apoptosis occurred. LP342 treatment (1 mg/kg, ip) at 20 h or 1 h before ischaemia markedly decreased IRI whereas LP342 treatment upon reperfusion was marginally protective. Nitro-oxidative stress, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to IRI. 4-Hydroxynonenal, 3-nitrotyrosine, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), JNK activation and Sab binding increased markedly after IR, which LP342 blunted. LP342 also induced thioredoxin-1 expression before and after IR. LP342 also decreased mitochondrial depolarisation as detected by intravital microscopy at 2 h after IR. Lastly, LP342 increased acetylation of both histone-3 (class I HDAC substrate) and NFκB p65 but not tubulin (class II HDAC substrate) before and after IR.
Conclusions: This novel HDACi protects against IRI most likely by epigenetic upregulation of antioxidant proteins and post-translational modifications of NFκB thus inhibiting iNOS expression and inflammatory responses.
{"title":"LP342, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, decreases nitro-oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice.","authors":"Devadoss J Samuvel, Yasodha Krishnasamy, Li Li, John J Lemasters, C James Chou, Zhi Zhong","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Some histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoforms contribute to ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) injury (IRI). Here, we examined whether LP342, the lead candidate of a new generation of hydrazide-based HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), decreases hepatic IRI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>IR was induced by clamping blood vessels to ~70% of the livers of mice for 1 h.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>At 6 h after reperfusion, ALT markedly increased, and wide-spread necrosis, leukocyte infiltration, and apoptosis occurred. LP342 treatment (1 mg/kg, ip) at 20 h or 1 h before ischaemia markedly decreased IRI whereas LP342 treatment upon reperfusion was marginally protective. Nitro-oxidative stress, c-Jun-<i>N</i>-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to IRI. 4-Hydroxynonenal, 3-nitrotyrosine, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), JNK activation and Sab binding increased markedly after IR, which LP342 blunted. LP342 also induced thioredoxin-1 expression before and after IR. LP342 also decreased mitochondrial depolarisation as detected by intravital microscopy at 2 h after IR. Lastly, LP342 increased acetylation of both histone-3 (class I HDAC substrate) and NFκB p65 but not tubulin (class II HDAC substrate) before and after IR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This novel HDACi protects against IRI most likely by epigenetic upregulation of antioxidant proteins and post-translational modifications of NFκB thus inhibiting iNOS expression and inflammatory responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":"2 2","pages":"rqad013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/44/f3/rqad013.PMC10114105.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10244750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants utilized in Freetown Sierra Leone in the management and treatment of diseases. The study utilized a cross-sectional descriptive study and face-to-face interviews with a pre-checklist of 20 Traditional Herbal Medicine Practitioners in Freetown. The survey included socio-segment information, data on the kinds of herbal medication, their constituents, wellsprings of the plants, diseases managed and details on preparation. Twenty traditional medicine practitioners consented to this study. The results showed that 15 (75%) were men and 5 (25%) were women, while all of them are above the age of 30 years. Some of the respondents have some level of formal education, ranging from twelve (12) with primary/secondary education to three (3) with tertiary education while five (5) do not have any formal education at all. Thirty percent practice herbal medicine as a family trade (inherited), 10% got involved in it through training, or both, while 10% claimed the knowledge as a natural gift. Traditional Herbal Medicine Practitioners (THMPs) in the study area updated their knowledge of medical practice through a wide range of choices such as by intuition (70%), participation at health talks or meetings (20%), while 10% of them adopted various forms of a combination of these and other choices. However, there was the problem of plant misidentification with some practitioners. According to our data, Freetown, Sierra Leone has a rich wellspring of restorative plants and an enormous part of the populace actually depends on customary plant drugs which are plentifully and promptly accessible. Traditional Herbal Medicine Practitioners (THMPs) in this research updated their knowledge of medical practice through intuition, participation at health talks or meetings and also via various forms of a combination of these and other choices. The involvement of certified Plant Taxonomists is important, in order to avoid the consequences which may arise through misidentification.
{"title":"Ethnopharmacological survey on medicinal plants utilization in Freetown, Sierra Leone","authors":"Adeyinka Olufemi Adepoju, M. Oyedeji Amusa, Awotunde Oluwasegun Samson, Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants utilized in Freetown Sierra Leone in the management and treatment of diseases.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study utilized a cross-sectional descriptive study and face-to-face interviews with a pre-checklist of 20 Traditional Herbal Medicine Practitioners in Freetown. The survey included socio-segment information, data on the kinds of herbal medication, their constituents, wellsprings of the plants, diseases managed and details on preparation. Twenty traditional medicine practitioners consented to this study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results showed that 15 (75%) were men and 5 (25%) were women, while all of them are above the age of 30 years. Some of the respondents have some level of formal education, ranging from twelve (12) with primary/secondary education to three (3) with tertiary education while five (5) do not have any formal education at all. Thirty percent practice herbal medicine as a family trade (inherited), 10% got involved in it through training, or both, while 10% claimed the knowledge as a natural gift. Traditional Herbal Medicine Practitioners (THMPs) in the study area updated their knowledge of medical practice through a wide range of choices such as by intuition (70%), participation at health talks or meetings (20%), while 10% of them adopted various forms of a combination of these and other choices. However, there was the problem of plant misidentification with some practitioners. According to our data, Freetown, Sierra Leone has a rich wellspring of restorative plants and an enormous part of the populace actually depends on customary plant drugs which are plentifully and promptly accessible.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Traditional Herbal Medicine Practitioners (THMPs) in this research updated their knowledge of medical practice through intuition, participation at health talks or meetings and also via various forms of a combination of these and other choices. The involvement of certified Plant Taxonomists is important, in order to avoid the consequences which may arise through misidentification.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42820266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. H. Hassan, Heba A. Gad, D. S. Shaker, Rania A. H. Ishak
The current review gives an overview of the anatomical and cellular structure of the nasal cavity. It presents some possibilities and different techniques to enhance the drug penetration through the nasal barrier. It comprehensively details the intranasal drug delivery system and the treatment modalities of hypertension, with an emphasis on nanotechnology-based products. Gather published works about the research progression in the systemic delivery of antihypertensive drugs through the nasal epithelium, the formulation tactics and their related in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assessment technologies in this field. Intranasal drug delivery is one of the potential routes for avoiding the first pass effect, lowering drug doses, reducing systemic side effects of most antihypertensive drugs and enhancing drug bioavailability. Compared to oral medications, nasal medications often have better bioavailability and fewer adverse effects at the same dosage, which encourages pharmaceutical companies to manufacture additional medications in the form of nasal formulations intended for systemic treatment.
{"title":"Exploring the potential of intranasal drug delivery systems in the management of hypertension","authors":"R. H. Hassan, Heba A. Gad, D. S. Shaker, Rania A. H. Ishak","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The current review gives an overview of the anatomical and cellular structure of the nasal cavity. It presents some possibilities and different techniques to enhance the drug penetration through the nasal barrier. It comprehensively details the intranasal drug delivery system and the treatment modalities of hypertension, with an emphasis on nanotechnology-based products.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Gather published works about the research progression in the systemic delivery of antihypertensive drugs through the nasal epithelium, the formulation tactics and their related in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assessment technologies in this field.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Intranasal drug delivery is one of the potential routes for avoiding the first pass effect, lowering drug doses, reducing systemic side effects of most antihypertensive drugs and enhancing drug bioavailability.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Compared to oral medications, nasal medications often have better bioavailability and fewer adverse effects at the same dosage, which encourages pharmaceutical companies to manufacture additional medications in the form of nasal formulations intended for systemic treatment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43628952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Vlachou, A. Siamidi, Chrystalla Protopapa, Ioanna Sotiropoulou
This review aims at gleaning the currently available research reports that relate to 3D printlets for paediatric patients, and especially the excipients used to produce various colours, flavours, shapes and sizes. A thorough literature review on paediatric 3D printed oral solid dosage forms, focusing on the use of colours, flavours and various shapes/dimensions, was conducted with an adjusted time frame between 2017 and 2022. 3D printlets for paediatric population include the chewable dosage forms (including solid forms and the soft forms or gummies), the swallowing dosage forms, and the orodispersable dosage forms (printlets or films). Researchers have tested many colours, flavours, shapes and dimensions for the chewable formulations production using pectin and gelatin to create gummies or chocolate and cereals. Scientists have also used many methods and excipients to produce printlets with various colours, flavours, shapes and small sizes (minitablets or minicaplets) for the swallowing dosage forms. Concerning the orodispersables, the research was rather limited. Compared to conventional oral dosage form manufacturing processes, 3D printing techniques use a different approach. More specifically, these techniques can provide personalisation of dose, shape, size, taste, colour and appropriate drug release rates, which is of paramount importance especially for paediatric patients. With the correct excipients the printlets can serve as ideal dosage forms candidates for the treatment of the paediatric population.
{"title":"A review on the colours, flavours and shapes used in paediatric 3D printed oral solid dosage forms","authors":"M. Vlachou, A. Siamidi, Chrystalla Protopapa, Ioanna Sotiropoulou","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This review aims at gleaning the currently available research reports that relate to 3D printlets for paediatric patients, and especially the excipients used to produce various colours, flavours, shapes and sizes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A thorough literature review on paediatric 3D printed oral solid dosage forms, focusing on the use of colours, flavours and various shapes/dimensions, was conducted with an adjusted time frame between 2017 and 2022.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 3D printlets for paediatric population include the chewable dosage forms (including solid forms and the soft forms or gummies), the swallowing dosage forms, and the orodispersable dosage forms (printlets or films). Researchers have tested many colours, flavours, shapes and dimensions for the chewable formulations production using pectin and gelatin to create gummies or chocolate and cereals. Scientists have also used many methods and excipients to produce printlets with various colours, flavours, shapes and small sizes (minitablets or minicaplets) for the swallowing dosage forms. Concerning the orodispersables, the research was rather limited.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Compared to conventional oral dosage form manufacturing processes, 3D printing techniques use a different approach. More specifically, these techniques can provide personalisation of dose, shape, size, taste, colour and appropriate drug release rates, which is of paramount importance especially for paediatric patients. With the correct excipients the printlets can serve as ideal dosage forms candidates for the treatment of the paediatric population.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49257400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Palak Bansal, D. Verma, Sukhbir Singh Tamber, Ramica Sharma
Pathogenesis of Inflammation has been linked to a variety of diseases, so exploring the cause of inflammation is very much crucial. Once the cause is predicted then the treatment of the inflammation and related disorders become predictable. An inflammatory response is the immune system's response to harmful stimuli that can be triggered by pathogens, damaged cells, and toxic compounds. Inflammation and the diseases associated with it are becoming more popular. There are several complications that arise due to inflammation, such as cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, asthma, etc. Inflammation results in plethora of events characterized by release of inflammatory cytokines activation of NFκ-B (nuclear factor kappa-B), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), Janus kinase (JAK) signaling, and the activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, facilitate the process of inflammation. Hence with this review, it will open the vista for new interventions used in the management of inflammatory disorders. This review deals with the various inflammatory disorder and pathogenesis associated with them. This article opens a window to explore more relevant pharmacological treatment for the benefit of the society. Till date the medication that is available for the management of inflammatory diseases/disorders provides only symptomatic treatment and that is only to a limit. The medication such as Steroids posses a serious ADRs and other option Like DMARD/SMARDS are not economical or budget friendly. Hence, with this review we can look for various targets that are beneficial in the management of Inflammatory-related disorders.
{"title":"An update on Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Disorders with its management","authors":"Palak Bansal, D. Verma, Sukhbir Singh Tamber, Ramica Sharma","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Pathogenesis of Inflammation has been linked to a variety of diseases, so exploring the cause of inflammation is very much crucial. Once the cause is predicted then the treatment of the inflammation and related disorders become predictable.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 An inflammatory response is the immune system's response to harmful stimuli that can be triggered by pathogens, damaged cells, and toxic compounds. Inflammation and the diseases associated with it are becoming more popular. There are several complications that arise due to inflammation, such as cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, asthma, etc. Inflammation results in plethora of events characterized by release of inflammatory cytokines activation of NFκ-B (nuclear factor kappa-B), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), Janus kinase (JAK) signaling, and the activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, facilitate the process of inflammation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Hence with this review, it will open the vista for new interventions used in the management of inflammatory disorders.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This review deals with the various inflammatory disorder and pathogenesis associated with them. This article opens a window to explore more relevant pharmacological treatment for the benefit of the society. Till date the medication that is available for the management of inflammatory diseases/disorders provides only symptomatic treatment and that is only to a limit. The medication such as Steroids posses a serious ADRs and other option Like DMARD/SMARDS are not economical or budget friendly. Hence, with this review we can look for various targets that are beneficial in the management of Inflammatory-related disorders.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45501205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are many reasons why marine resources are currently being examined extensively. One of the causes is that 70% of the earth's surface is covered by oceans. From marine resources, some natural products and their derivatives are derived. These marine natural products are produced by the following organisms: Marine invertebrates, marine algae, and marine microbes are the three main biological classes. An overview of the marine natural products (MNPs) industry is presented, along with a current list of medications that the FDA has approved as well as those that are undergoing clinical trials and could be regarded as MNP derivatives. Secondary metabolites from marine organisms such as snails, tunicates, sponges, soft corals, and mollusks have been extracted to produce bio active compounds, which have sparked the creation of new classes of therapeutic agents. Marine life is a significant source of structurally diverse and biologically active secondary metabolites. It is observed that marine source is one of the powerful way of producing products that are natural and effective. Some commercially available preparations treat diseases like HIV, cancer, and various skin conditions using their collected resources
{"title":"Marine Natural Products and Derivatives","authors":"Ashwini B Avhad, Charushila J. Bhangale","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There are many reasons why marine resources are currently being examined extensively. One of the causes is that 70% of the earth's surface is covered by oceans. From marine resources, some natural products and their derivatives are derived. These marine natural products are produced by the following organisms: Marine invertebrates, marine algae, and marine microbes are the three main biological classes. An overview of the marine natural products (MNPs) industry is presented, along with a current list of medications that the FDA has approved as well as those that are undergoing clinical trials and could be regarded as MNP derivatives.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Secondary metabolites from marine organisms such as snails, tunicates, sponges, soft corals, and mollusks have been extracted to produce bio active compounds, which have sparked the creation of new classes of therapeutic agents. Marine life is a significant source of structurally diverse and biologically active secondary metabolites.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 It is observed that marine source is one of the powerful way of producing products that are natural and effective.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Some commercially available preparations treat diseases like HIV, cancer, and various skin conditions using their collected resources\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42526574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eleni Kontogiannidou, G. Kalosakas, Dimitrios A Аndreadis, Pinelopi Anastasiadou, N. Bouropoulos, E. Demiri, E. Andriotis, D. Fatouros
In the present study, a microneedle device (Dermaroller ®) with different needle lengths (1 and 1.5 mm) were used to enhance the transport of a model macromolecular compound (FITC-Dextran 4.4 kDa) across the skin tissue. Transport studies were followed by tape stripping method, to monitor the drug distribution in the stratum corneum. The impact of dermarollers on morphology of the skin surface was examined by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed a reduction of diameter of the induced skin pores caused by the dermarollers as a function of time, while optical microscopy studies revealed a disorganization to the lower part of the dermis. Modelling shown that an exponential, rather than a linear, dependence of the steady-state concentration on the thickness can qualitatively describe the tape-stripping data. The transport of the macromolecule across skin was significantly enhanced proportional to needle length.
{"title":"Microneedle rollers for skin drug delivery of macromolecules: experimental and theoretical considerations","authors":"Eleni Kontogiannidou, G. Kalosakas, Dimitrios A Аndreadis, Pinelopi Anastasiadou, N. Bouropoulos, E. Demiri, E. Andriotis, D. Fatouros","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In the present study, a microneedle device (Dermaroller ®) with different needle lengths (1 and 1.5 mm) were used to enhance the transport of a model macromolecular compound (FITC-Dextran 4.4 kDa) across the skin tissue.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Transport studies were followed by tape stripping method, to monitor the drug distribution in the stratum corneum.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The impact of dermarollers on morphology of the skin surface was examined by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed a reduction of diameter of the induced skin pores caused by the dermarollers as a function of time, while optical microscopy studies revealed a disorganization to the lower part of the dermis. Modelling shown that an exponential, rather than a linear, dependence of the steady-state concentration on the thickness can qualitatively describe the tape-stripping data.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The transport of the macromolecule across skin was significantly enhanced proportional to needle length.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47651318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Ugwu, E. Alum, Michael Ben Okon, P. M. Aja, E. Obeagu, E. Onyeneke
The anti-nutritional composition and Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of ethanol root extract and fractions of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (SJ) were carried out. The anti-nutritional factors and GC-MS were analyzed using standard methods. The anti-nutritional constituents of the samples were in the order of phenols> terpenoids>flavonoids>tannins>glycosides>alkaloids>hydrogen cyanide>saponins>steroids. The phytochemicals were significantly (P<0.05) higher in extract than fractions, the terpenoids value obtained as 1904.72mg/100g from ethanol extract is significantly higher (P<0.05) than the values of 935.80mg/100g and 968.92 mg/100g gotten from it ethylacetate and methanol fractions respectively. There is no significant difference (P>0.05) for the ethylacetate 0.74 mg/100g and methanol 0.79 mg/100g fractions of steroids. However, the methanol fraction of Tannins, Phenols, Glycosides, Saponins, and Hydrogen cyanide were significantly higher than its’s ethylacetate fractions. Chromatogram of GC-MS analysis of the samples of SJ showed 49, 43 and 24 peaks for crude ethanol extract, ethylacetate and methanol fractions, respectively. GC-MS analysis of the crude ethanol root extract and fractions as shown in Tables 2, 3 and 4 contain hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid and nonanoic acid methyl ester. The ethylacetate and methanol fractions of Sphenocentrum jollyanum contain 16.9 and 10.1% of 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (8-methylnonyl) ester, respectively.
{"title":"ANTI-NUTRITIONAL AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS) ANALYSIS OF ETHANOL ROOT EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS OF Sphenocentrum jollyanum","authors":"O. Ugwu, E. Alum, Michael Ben Okon, P. M. Aja, E. Obeagu, E. Onyeneke","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The anti-nutritional composition and Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of ethanol root extract and fractions of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (SJ) were carried out.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The anti-nutritional factors and GC-MS were analyzed using standard methods.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The anti-nutritional constituents of the samples were in the order of phenols> terpenoids>flavonoids>tannins>glycosides>alkaloids>hydrogen cyanide>saponins>steroids. The phytochemicals were significantly (P<0.05) higher in extract than fractions, the terpenoids value obtained as 1904.72mg/100g from ethanol extract is significantly higher (P<0.05) than the values of 935.80mg/100g and 968.92 mg/100g gotten from it ethylacetate and methanol fractions respectively. There is no significant difference (P>0.05) for the ethylacetate 0.74 mg/100g and methanol 0.79 mg/100g fractions of steroids. However, the methanol fraction of Tannins, Phenols, Glycosides, Saponins, and Hydrogen cyanide were significantly higher than its’s ethylacetate fractions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Chromatogram of GC-MS analysis of the samples of SJ showed 49, 43 and 24 peaks for crude ethanol extract, ethylacetate and methanol fractions, respectively. GC-MS analysis of the crude ethanol root extract and fractions as shown in Tables 2, 3 and 4 contain hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid and nonanoic acid methyl ester. The ethylacetate and methanol fractions of Sphenocentrum jollyanum contain 16.9 and 10.1% of 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (8-methylnonyl) ester, respectively.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45575939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Jaouni, Sawsan M. Rohaiem, M. Almuhayawi, Kavitha Godugu, Jamil Almughales, Sabria M Kholi, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, M. Bukhari, S. Mousa
Wet Cupping therapy (WCT) is a complementary treatment used for a wide range of diseases associated with pain. Inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the clinical symptoms related to pain. The objective of this study is to assess the changes in inflammatory markers (different interleukins (IL) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte stimulating factor (G-CSF)) in patients with pain whom went a 6 weeks of WCT as complementary approach. This is a retrospective record review study from the Prophetic Medicine Clinics for Cupping Therapy Clinics, at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia. It consists of 93 adult patients; these patients were referred from different specialty clinics with various diagnoses due to pain for performing WCT as an integrative treatment. Measurements of various biomarkers in patients with pain before and after 6 weeks of WCT was carried out. Serum IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12, IL-13, TNF-α, GM-CSF, G-CSF, MCP-1, and MIP-1β were significantly (P <0.001) decreased in patients after 6 weeks of WCT. Other biomarkers did not significantly change. WCT showed favorable effects on pro-inflammatory markers (cytokines and chemokines) in patients with pain.
{"title":"Wet Cupping Therapy in The Modulation of Inflammation in Patients with Pain","authors":"S. Jaouni, Sawsan M. Rohaiem, M. Almuhayawi, Kavitha Godugu, Jamil Almughales, Sabria M Kholi, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, M. Bukhari, S. Mousa","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Wet Cupping therapy (WCT) is a complementary treatment used for a wide range of diseases associated with pain. Inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the clinical symptoms related to pain. The objective of this study is to assess the changes in inflammatory markers (different interleukins (IL) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte stimulating factor (G-CSF)) in patients with pain whom went a 6 weeks of WCT as complementary approach.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This is a retrospective record review study from the Prophetic Medicine Clinics for Cupping Therapy Clinics, at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia. It consists of 93 adult patients; these patients were referred from different specialty clinics with various diagnoses due to pain for performing WCT as an integrative treatment. Measurements of various biomarkers in patients with pain before and after 6 weeks of WCT was carried out.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Serum IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12, IL-13, TNF-α, GM-CSF, G-CSF, MCP-1, and MIP-1β were significantly (P <0.001) decreased in patients after 6 weeks of WCT. Other biomarkers did not significantly change.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 WCT showed favorable effects on pro-inflammatory markers (cytokines and chemokines) in patients with pain.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48173439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：