Ruth Sim, C. Chong, N. K. Loganadan, N. Adam, Z. Hussein, Shaun Wen Huey Lee
Data on the long-term effects comparing sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) are scarce, especially from middle-income countries. To examine the effects of SGLT2i and DPP4i on the cardiorenal function and treatment adherence for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using prevalent new-user design in real-world setting. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in two tertiary hospitals in Malaysia and matched T2D patients initiated on SGLT2i or DPP4i from 2010 to 2021 using time-conditional propensity score. Outcomes of interest included cardiovascular and renal outcomes, as well as clinical lab outcomes, adherence and non-persistence. The hazard ratios for cardiorenal outcomes was inferred using Cox proportional hazards model. The cohort included 1528 patients, with 406 SGLT2i users matched with 406 DPP4i users. Over a median follow-up of 1.52 years, no differences in cardiorenal outcomes were observed. Patients initiated with SGLT2i had lower HbA1c at 12-month (-0.79%,p<0.001) compared to DPP4i (-0.49%,p<0.05; difference:-0.30%,p<0.05). No differences in the renal, lipid, weight and blood pressure parameters were observed between both groups. Higher medication persistence was noted among SGLT2i users compared to DPP4i users (92% vs 87%,P=0.03). Both medications were comparable in exerting distinct effects on cardiorenal risk factors, with better HbA1c control and medication persistence among SGLT2i users. The long-term cardiorenal outcomes remains undetermined.
{"title":"Comparative effectiveness of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on cardiorenal function and treatment adherence: A Prevalent New-User Design Study in tertiary hospitals","authors":"Ruth Sim, C. Chong, N. K. Loganadan, N. Adam, Z. Hussein, Shaun Wen Huey Lee","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Data on the long-term effects comparing sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) are scarce, especially from middle-income countries. To examine the effects of SGLT2i and DPP4i on the cardiorenal function and treatment adherence for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using prevalent new-user design in real-world setting.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We conducted a retrospective cohort study in two tertiary hospitals in Malaysia and matched T2D patients initiated on SGLT2i or DPP4i from 2010 to 2021 using time-conditional propensity score. Outcomes of interest included cardiovascular and renal outcomes, as well as clinical lab outcomes, adherence and non-persistence. The hazard ratios for cardiorenal outcomes was inferred using Cox proportional hazards model.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The cohort included 1528 patients, with 406 SGLT2i users matched with 406 DPP4i users. Over a median follow-up of 1.52 years, no differences in cardiorenal outcomes were observed. Patients initiated with SGLT2i had lower HbA1c at 12-month (-0.79%,p<0.001) compared to DPP4i (-0.49%,p<0.05; difference:-0.30%,p<0.05). No differences in the renal, lipid, weight and blood pressure parameters were observed between both groups. Higher medication persistence was noted among SGLT2i users compared to DPP4i users (92% vs 87%,P=0.03).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Both medications were comparable in exerting distinct effects on cardiorenal risk factors, with better HbA1c control and medication persistence among SGLT2i users. The long-term cardiorenal outcomes remains undetermined.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47734369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has devastated mankind with complaints that many vaccines developed against the disease could not offer protection and guarantee safety, hence many vaccinated individuals either came down with the infection and died or transmitted the infection. Therefore permanent immunization may become difficult due to interplay between the viral and human genomes. In view of this, literatures were searched on the trial vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.Concentration log10 (copies/ml) of the virus, log10 viral copies, populations of human vaccinated, protection indices of the vaccines, population of Tcells, lethal concentration 1 (LC1) of the virus, doses of the trial vaccines and vaccine regimens of the SARS-CoV-2 obtained from membrane ribonucleic acid (MRNA), replication defective viral vector (RDVV), inactivated pathogen vaccine (IPV), and protein subunit vaccine (PSV),virus like particle (VLP) and deoxyribonucleic acid vaccine (DNAV) were used with an intent to assessing the pathogenicity and virulence of the vaccines. Findings have shown that virion of 3.3 x10 8-9 could kill human over a period of ≥20 days, and 10 9-11virions have killed three in every 100 humans. However, viral load of detection (3.22 x 10 3), positivity threshold (3.3 x 10 3) and index patient value (6.6 x 10 6) respectively have been established. The protection index is between 11-99%. The viral load of coronavirus found in the affected patients was relatively high and could be fatal. However DNAV based vaccine (2 mg) administered twice 4 weeks apart provided the best protection index that lasted for 40 – 60.
严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）已经摧毁了人类，许多针对该疾病开发的疫苗无法提供保护和保证安全，因此许多接种疫苗的人要么感染并死亡，要么传播感染。因此，由于病毒和人类基因组之间的相互作用，永久免疫可能会变得困难。有鉴于此，检索了关于针对严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的试验疫苗的文献。病毒的浓度log10（拷贝数/ml），log10病毒拷贝数，接种的人的群体，疫苗的保护指数，T细胞的群体，病毒的致死浓度1（LC1），试验疫苗的剂量和从膜核糖核酸（MRNA）获得的严重急性呼吸系冠状病毒2型疫苗的疫苗方案，采用复制缺陷病毒载体（RDVV）、灭活病原体疫苗（IPV）、蛋白亚基疫苗（PSV）、病毒样颗粒（VLP）和脱氧核糖核酸疫苗（DNAV）对疫苗的致病性和毒力进行评估。研究结果表明，3.3×8-9的病毒粒子可以在≥20天的时间内杀死人类，每100人中就有10个9-11的病毒粒子杀死3人。然而，已经分别确定了病毒检测载量（3.22 x 103）、阳性阈值（3.3 x 103）和患者指数值（6.6 x 106）。保护指数在11-99%之间。在受影响患者中发现的冠状病毒病毒载量相对较高，可能致命。然而，间隔4周接种两次的基于DNAV的疫苗（2 mg）提供了持续40-60的最佳保护指数。
{"title":"Protection of SARS-CoV-2 trial vaccines in human is a functnion of the viral genomes","authors":"Saganuwan Alhaji Saganuwan","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has devastated mankind with complaints that many vaccines developed against the disease could not offer protection and guarantee safety, hence many vaccinated individuals either came down with the infection and died or transmitted the infection. Therefore permanent immunization may become difficult due to interplay between the viral and human genomes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In view of this, literatures were searched on the trial vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.Concentration log10 (copies/ml) of the virus, log10 viral copies, populations of human vaccinated, protection indices of the vaccines, population of Tcells, lethal concentration 1 (LC1) of the virus, doses of the trial vaccines and vaccine regimens of the SARS-CoV-2 obtained from membrane ribonucleic acid (MRNA), replication defective viral vector (RDVV), inactivated pathogen vaccine (IPV), and protein subunit vaccine (PSV),virus like particle (VLP) and deoxyribonucleic acid vaccine (DNAV) were used with an intent to assessing the pathogenicity and virulence of the vaccines.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Findings have shown that virion of 3.3 x10 8-9 could kill human over a period of ≥20 days, and 10 9-11virions have killed three in every 100 humans. However, viral load of detection (3.22 x 10 3), positivity threshold (3.3 x 10 3) and index patient value (6.6 x 10 6) respectively have been established. The protection index is between 11-99%.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The viral load of coronavirus found in the affected patients was relatively high and could be fatal. However DNAV based vaccine (2 mg) administered twice 4 weeks apart provided the best protection index that lasted for 40 – 60.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49411155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is the most common healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) contributing to death. Rising antimicrobial resistance has resulted in few effective antibiotics for HAP. Stimulation of human immunity and immunomodulation have been reported as a role of vitamin D. 1. To investigate vitamin D status of HAP patients. 2. To examine if vitamin D status was related to severity of HAP. Patients with a diagnosis were recruited for a 3 month-period from two acute hospitals. Vitamin D levels of participants were obtained. Sixty-one participants were recruited with a mean age 72 years, with 77% of the participants over 65 years of age. Severe HAP was diagnosed in 92% of the participants, 5% had moderate and 3% had mild HAP. Vitamin D deficiency (< 50 nmol/L) was found in 80% of the participants and 41% of the participants were found to be suffering from severe vitamin D deficiency (< 15 nmol/L). Participants that had adequate vitamin D levels (12/61) (20%) were all taking prophylactic vitamin D on admission. Overall, 26/61 (43%) of the participants were taking prescribed prophylactic vitamin D supplementation on admission and despite this supplementation,14/26 (54%) were found to be vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent in the HAP participants. Vitamin D deficiency was also present in some participants, despite prescribed prophylactic supplementation. Vitamin D stimulates immunity and hence vitamin D deficiency would have potentially increased the susceptibility of acquiring HAP.
{"title":"A prospective investigational study of Vitamin D status in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia","authors":"M. Ratansi, A. Cox","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is the most common healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) contributing to death. Rising antimicrobial resistance has resulted in few effective antibiotics for HAP. Stimulation of human immunity and immunomodulation have been reported as a role of vitamin D.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 1. To investigate vitamin D status of HAP patients.\u0000 2. To examine if vitamin D status was related to severity of HAP.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Patients with a diagnosis were recruited for a 3 month-period from two acute hospitals. Vitamin D levels of participants were obtained.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Sixty-one participants were recruited with a mean age 72 years, with 77% of the participants over 65 years of age. Severe HAP was diagnosed in 92% of the participants, 5% had moderate and 3% had mild HAP. Vitamin D deficiency (< 50 nmol/L) was found in 80% of the participants and 41% of the participants were found to be suffering from severe vitamin D deficiency (< 15 nmol/L). Participants that had adequate vitamin D levels (12/61) (20%) were all taking prophylactic vitamin D on admission. Overall, 26/61 (43%) of the participants were taking prescribed prophylactic vitamin D supplementation on admission and despite this supplementation,14/26 (54%) were found to be vitamin D deficient.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent in the HAP participants. Vitamin D deficiency was also present in some participants, despite prescribed prophylactic supplementation. Vitamin D stimulates immunity and hence vitamin D deficiency would have potentially increased the susceptibility of acquiring HAP.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41862468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. N. Gajula, Sasikala Talari, Shrilekha Chilvery, G. Chandraiah, R. Sonti
Garcinol exhibits promising potential anticancer activity in cancer cells by inhibiting several critical regulatory pathways. Despite its pharmacological activities, information regarding its pharmacokinetics and metabolism is unavailable. Hence, we aimed to systematically determine the in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters, in vitro metabolic stability and hepatic first-pass metabolism of garcinol. We developed and validated a sensitive bioanalytical method for the quantitative determination of garcinol in rat plasma and human liver microsomes using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The developed method was applied to assess the pharmacokinetic parameters, bioavailability, and metabolic stability associated with metabolic half-life and intrinsic hepatic clearance. Further, we calculated the hepatic first-pass metabolism of garcinol from the metabolic stability data. The metabolic stability of garcinol in human liver microsomes demonstrated it as a medium clearance drug with a CLint value of 33.94 µL/min/mg microsomal protein, and 94% of garcinol would escape the hepatic first-pass metabolism. Furthermore, a pharmacokinetics study of garcinol in Sprague Dawley rats showed 26.64 ± 0.23% and 35.72 ± 0.97% oral bioavailability at two doses, i.e., 22.5, and 45 mg/kg, respectively. The Cmax values at these two oral doses were 2317.69 ± 180.44 and 3446.14 ± 190.12 ng/mL. Metabolic stability data showed that garcinol is a medium clearance drug and less fraction of the drug undergoes hepatic first-pass metabolism. The determined pharmacokinetic parameters and metabolic stability data help to understand and optimize the dose and route of administration for designing clinical trials to further develop garcinol as anticancer drug.
{"title":"A unique in vivo pharmacokinetic profile, in vitro metabolic stability, and hepatic first-pass metabolism of garcinol, a promising novel anticancer phytoconstituent, by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry","authors":"S. N. Gajula, Sasikala Talari, Shrilekha Chilvery, G. Chandraiah, R. Sonti","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad017","url":null,"abstract":"Garcinol exhibits promising potential anticancer activity in cancer cells by inhibiting several critical regulatory pathways. Despite its pharmacological activities, information regarding its pharmacokinetics and metabolism is unavailable. Hence, we aimed to systematically determine the in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters, in vitro metabolic stability and hepatic first-pass metabolism of garcinol. We developed and validated a sensitive bioanalytical method for the quantitative determination of garcinol in rat plasma and human liver microsomes using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The developed method was applied to assess the pharmacokinetic parameters, bioavailability, and metabolic stability associated with metabolic half-life and intrinsic hepatic clearance. Further, we calculated the hepatic first-pass metabolism of garcinol from the metabolic stability data. The metabolic stability of garcinol in human liver microsomes demonstrated it as a medium clearance drug with a CLint value of 33.94 µL/min/mg microsomal protein, and 94% of garcinol would escape the hepatic first-pass metabolism. Furthermore, a pharmacokinetics study of garcinol in Sprague Dawley rats showed 26.64 ± 0.23% and 35.72 ± 0.97% oral bioavailability at two doses, i.e., 22.5, and 45 mg/kg, respectively. The Cmax values at these two oral doses were 2317.69 ± 180.44 and 3446.14 ± 190.12 ng/mL. Metabolic stability data showed that garcinol is a medium clearance drug and less fraction of the drug undergoes hepatic first-pass metabolism. The determined pharmacokinetic parameters and metabolic stability data help to understand and optimize the dose and route of administration for designing clinical trials to further develop garcinol as anticancer drug.","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47794851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Thomas Benfield, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Stephen Hancocks, Richard Horton, Laurie Laybourn-Langton, Robert Mash, Peush Sahni, Wadeia Mohammad Sharief, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski
{"title":"Time to treat the climate and nature crisis as one indivisible global health emergency","authors":"Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Thomas Benfield, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Stephen Hancocks, Richard Horton, Laurie Laybourn-Langton, Robert Mash, Peush Sahni, Wadeia Mohammad Sharief, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135563863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaitlin R Ledvina, Elizabeth Suelzer, Abir T El-Alfy
Abstract Objective Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a minor psychoactive phytocannabinoid, similar to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Recent statements released by the Food and Drug Administration and Center for Disease Control reported around 660 delta-8-THC exposure cases. With the rise in commercially available products, it is crucial to understand the pharmacological and toxicological properties of this compound. The objective of this review is to summarize current literature regarding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic properties of delta-8-THC. Methodology Searches were performed in MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). The searches used database-specific advanced search techniques. Key findings A total of 772 references were retrieved, with 517 references identified after the removal of duplicate articles. The references were imported into Rayyan (Rayyan.ai), and the retrieved articles (100) were reviewed and summarized. The scoping review is divided into sections focussing on the pharmacokinetic (12) and pharmacologic (88) properties of delta-8-THC. The majority of pharmacological studies examined the central nervous system effects of delta-8-THC. The findings suggest that it exhibits distinct pharmacological effects, and while its psychoactive profile may be milder compared to delta-9-THC, caution should still be exercised when considering its use. Pharmacologic effects often express a dose-dependent relationship with the potential for tolerance development. Conclusions In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive examination of the current state of knowledge of delta-8-THC. Moreover, the review highlights several gaps in the existing literature, emphasizing the need for further research to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action, long-term effects and potential interactions with other drugs.
摘要:目的δ -8-四氢大麻酚(THC)是一种与δ -9-四氢大麻酚相似的微量精神活性植物大麻素。美国食品和药物管理局和疾病控制中心最近发布的声明报告了大约660例德尔塔-8-四氢大麻酚暴露病例。随着商用产品的增加，了解这种化合物的药理学和毒理学特性至关重要。本文综述了有关δ -8-四氢大麻酚的药代动力学和药理学特性的最新文献。方法学在MEDLINE (Ovid)、Scopus、Web of Science Core Collection和Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central)中进行检索。搜索使用特定于数据库的高级搜索技术。主要发现共检索到772篇文献，删除重复文献后鉴定出517篇文献。将相关文献导入Rayyan (Rayyan.ai)，对检索到的100篇文献进行审阅和汇总。范围综述分为几个部分，重点关注delta-8-THC的药代动力学(12)和药理学(88)特性。大多数药理学研究检查了δ -8-四氢大麻酚对中枢神经系统的影响。研究结果表明，它具有独特的药理作用，虽然它的精神活性可能比δ -9-四氢大麻酚更温和，但在考虑使用它时仍应谨慎。药理学效应通常表现出与耐受性发展潜力的剂量依赖关系。综上所述，本文综述了delta-8-THC的研究现状。此外，本文还强调了现有文献中的一些空白，强调需要进一步研究以充分阐明其作用机制、长期效应以及与其他药物的潜在相互作用。
{"title":"Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol: A Phytocannabinoid on the Rise","authors":"Kaitlin R Ledvina, Elizabeth Suelzer, Abir T El-Alfy","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a minor psychoactive phytocannabinoid, similar to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Recent statements released by the Food and Drug Administration and Center for Disease Control reported around 660 delta-8-THC exposure cases. With the rise in commercially available products, it is crucial to understand the pharmacological and toxicological properties of this compound. The objective of this review is to summarize current literature regarding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic properties of delta-8-THC. Methodology Searches were performed in MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). The searches used database-specific advanced search techniques. Key findings A total of 772 references were retrieved, with 517 references identified after the removal of duplicate articles. The references were imported into Rayyan (Rayyan.ai), and the retrieved articles (100) were reviewed and summarized. The scoping review is divided into sections focussing on the pharmacokinetic (12) and pharmacologic (88) properties of delta-8-THC. The majority of pharmacological studies examined the central nervous system effects of delta-8-THC. The findings suggest that it exhibits distinct pharmacological effects, and while its psychoactive profile may be milder compared to delta-9-THC, caution should still be exercised when considering its use. Pharmacologic effects often express a dose-dependent relationship with the potential for tolerance development. Conclusions In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive examination of the current state of knowledge of delta-8-THC. Moreover, the review highlights several gaps in the existing literature, emphasizing the need for further research to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action, long-term effects and potential interactions with other drugs.","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was designed to investigate the redox-regulation capacity of Spondias mombin leaf fraction rich in Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Q3G-RF) in rat model of dichlorvos (DDVP) toxicity. Male Wistar rats randomly allotted to 6 groups with 12 rats each were administered appropriate regimens orally –sunflower oil, Q3G-RF (100 mgkg -1), dichlorvos (8.8 mgkg -1), Q3G-RF (100 mgkg -1) + dichlorvos (8.8 mgkg -1), Q3G-RF (50 mgkg -1) + dichlorvos (8.8 mgkg -1), and Q3G-RF (100 mgkg -1) + clomid (0.35 mgkg -1) for groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 respectively. DDVP reduced the SOD, CAT, GST, GPx, GR, QR, T-SH, GSH, TAC; ALP, ACP, glucose, sialic acid, 3- and 17-β-HSD, TNF-α, IL-6, 1L-10, 1LL-1β, NO, MPO, caspase 3; sperm functions; testosterone, FSH, LH, estradiol, testosterone/estradiol ratio; organ-body weight, body weight, without altering semen volume and semen pH but increased the morphological abnormalities number of sperm cells in head, neck, and tail; level of lipid peroxidation, cholesterol and H2O2 relative to control animals. Co-administration with Q3G-RF or clomid revoked dichlorvos effect relative to the control. Q3G-RF reversed the induced oxidative stress and inflammation as well as suppressed sperm function and reproductive parameters caused by dichlorvos, suggesting the exploration as a therapeutic agent in managing male fertility disorders.
{"title":"Redox-regulation and anti-inflammatory system activation by Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-rich fraction from Spondias mombin leaves: Biochemical, reproductive, and histological study in rat model of Dichlorvos toxicity","authors":"O. Ogunro","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study was designed to investigate the redox-regulation capacity of Spondias mombin leaf fraction rich in Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Q3G-RF) in rat model of dichlorvos (DDVP) toxicity.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Male Wistar rats randomly allotted to 6 groups with 12 rats each were administered appropriate regimens orally –sunflower oil, Q3G-RF (100 mgkg -1), dichlorvos (8.8 mgkg -1), Q3G-RF (100 mgkg -1) + dichlorvos (8.8 mgkg -1), Q3G-RF (50 mgkg -1) + dichlorvos (8.8 mgkg -1), and Q3G-RF (100 mgkg -1) + clomid (0.35 mgkg -1) for groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 respectively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 DDVP reduced the SOD, CAT, GST, GPx, GR, QR, T-SH, GSH, TAC; ALP, ACP, glucose, sialic acid, 3- and 17-β-HSD, TNF-α, IL-6, 1L-10, 1LL-1β, NO, MPO, caspase 3; sperm functions; testosterone, FSH, LH, estradiol, testosterone/estradiol ratio; organ-body weight, body weight, without altering semen volume and semen pH but increased the morphological abnormalities number of sperm cells in head, neck, and tail; level of lipid peroxidation, cholesterol and H2O2 relative to control animals. Co-administration with Q3G-RF or clomid revoked dichlorvos effect relative to the control.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Q3G-RF reversed the induced oxidative stress and inflammation as well as suppressed sperm function and reproductive parameters caused by dichlorvos, suggesting the exploration as a therapeutic agent in managing male fertility disorders.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46772404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mst Mahfuza Rahman, R. Barman, Md. Rafiqul Islam Khan, Md. Ashraf Ali, Md. Shah Alam Sarker, M. I. I. Wahed
In this study, our main objective was to estimate the therapeutic effectiveness of the formulated solid dispersion of glibenclamide (GSD) with improved dissolution profiles in comparison with pure GLB by means of fructose-fed diabetic rat model. To evaluate the pharmacological effectiveness of the formulated GSD, fructose-fed diabetic rat model was evolved, and the obtained consequences were compared with the conventional GLB treatment. GSD exhibited improved glucose and lipid-lowering efficacy of GSD in contrast to pure GLB after 15 days of treatment. Low dose (0.5mg/kg) and high dose (5mg/kg) of GSD showed significant lowering of blood glucose which is 6±0.2 mmol/L and 5.6±0.3 mmol/L respectively after 15 days of treatment that is much better than that of pure GLB (6.2±0.4 mmol/L). Furthermore, low dose of GSD presented approximately comparable beneficiary effects in regard to triglycerides (72.00±7.23mg/dL) total cholesterol (110.33±5.78 mg/dL), and low-density lipoprotein (67.60±5.21mg/dL) and high-density lipoprotein (28.33±1.53 mg/dL) as pure GLB after 15 days. Additionally, histological studies as well confirmed no fatty infiltration from liver by GSD as compared with GLB which was consistent with the biochemical parameters. For treating diabetes and hyperlipidaemia, the formulated GSD might be a potential substitute for traditional GLB.
{"title":"Pharmacological screening of glibenclamide solid dispersion in fructose-fed diabetic rats","authors":"Mst Mahfuza Rahman, R. Barman, Md. Rafiqul Islam Khan, Md. Ashraf Ali, Md. Shah Alam Sarker, M. I. I. Wahed","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this study, our main objective was to estimate the therapeutic effectiveness of the formulated solid dispersion of glibenclamide (GSD) with improved dissolution profiles in comparison with pure GLB by means of fructose-fed diabetic rat model.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To evaluate the pharmacological effectiveness of the formulated GSD, fructose-fed diabetic rat model was evolved, and the obtained consequences were compared with the conventional GLB treatment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 GSD exhibited improved glucose and lipid-lowering efficacy of GSD in contrast to pure GLB after 15 days of treatment. Low dose (0.5mg/kg) and high dose (5mg/kg) of GSD showed significant lowering of blood glucose which is 6±0.2 mmol/L and 5.6±0.3 mmol/L respectively after 15 days of treatment that is much better than that of pure GLB (6.2±0.4 mmol/L). Furthermore, low dose of GSD presented approximately comparable beneficiary effects in regard to triglycerides (72.00±7.23mg/dL) total cholesterol (110.33±5.78 mg/dL), and low-density lipoprotein (67.60±5.21mg/dL) and high-density lipoprotein (28.33±1.53 mg/dL) as pure GLB after 15 days. Additionally, histological studies as well confirmed no fatty infiltration from liver by GSD as compared with GLB which was consistent with the biochemical parameters.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 For treating diabetes and hyperlipidaemia, the formulated GSD might be a potential substitute for traditional GLB.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42899646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Patel, C. Dash, Martyn Paddick, R. Turnbull, J. More
Perceptions that formulations of human albumin solution have not evolved and are interchangeable need to be reconsidered amid renewed appreciation of this therapy in its current uses, and in potential new uses. Initially indicated for volume expansion in severely ill or trauma patients, human albumin solution has been established in a broadening array of clinical applications as understanding of its structure-function relationships has deepened. This paper reviews the clinical roles of human albumin solution, the evolution of manufacturing processes, and the growing interest in the use of albumin as a therapeutic agent in an expanding range of clinical scenarios. Literature searching was conducted through PubMed, bibliographies of prior publications specific to human albumin solution, and ClinicalTrials.gov. This review includes multidisciplinary perspectives on the chemistry, physiology, extraction, processing, formulation, and clinical applications of human albumin based on the published literature, authors’ professional experience, and product quality-assurance data. Current formulations of human albumin solution vary in composition, including the use of chemical stabilizers and concentrations of key electrolytes, especially sodium and chloride. Through innovations in manufacturing processes since the 1990s, Zenalb 20 is defined by its high albumin purity, use of a single stabilizer, and electrolyte concentrations that are substantially lower than in normal human plasma. The clinical relevance of these features may increase as the use of human serum albumin continues to expand in patient populations receiving multiple medications and fluids, for whom electrolyte balance is crucial. As a low electrolyte formulation, Zenalb 20 provides a clinical option to increase oncotic pressure when a colloid is needed without worsening pathological hypernatraemia, hyperchloraemia, and hyperkalaemia.
{"title":"A review of Zenalb 20 with the focus on its application in the clinical setting for patients requiring low sodium or chloride albumin","authors":"H. Patel, C. Dash, Martyn Paddick, R. Turnbull, J. More","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Perceptions that formulations of human albumin solution have not evolved and are interchangeable need to be reconsidered amid renewed appreciation of this therapy in its current uses, and in potential new uses. Initially indicated for volume expansion in severely ill or trauma patients, human albumin solution has been established in a broadening array of clinical applications as understanding of its structure-function relationships has deepened. This paper reviews the clinical roles of human albumin solution, the evolution of manufacturing processes, and the growing interest in the use of albumin as a therapeutic agent in an expanding range of clinical scenarios.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Literature searching was conducted through PubMed, bibliographies of prior publications specific to human albumin solution, and ClinicalTrials.gov. This review includes multidisciplinary perspectives on the chemistry, physiology, extraction, processing, formulation, and clinical applications of human albumin based on the published literature, authors’ professional experience, and product quality-assurance data.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Current formulations of human albumin solution vary in composition, including the use of chemical stabilizers and concentrations of key electrolytes, especially sodium and chloride. Through innovations in manufacturing processes since the 1990s, Zenalb 20 is defined by its high albumin purity, use of a single stabilizer, and electrolyte concentrations that are substantially lower than in normal human plasma. The clinical relevance of these features may increase as the use of human serum albumin continues to expand in patient populations receiving multiple medications and fluids, for whom electrolyte balance is crucial.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 As a low electrolyte formulation, Zenalb 20 provides a clinical option to increase oncotic pressure when a colloid is needed without worsening pathological hypernatraemia, hyperchloraemia, and hyperkalaemia.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43091824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benxu Cheng, Yunlin Wei, L. Guerra, Rozena Shirvani-Arani, S. Balderas, L. Valdez, Andrew Tsin, Xiaoqian Fang
Glioblastoma multiforme is a common and fatal brain tumor in the central nervous system with a poor survival rate and a median survival time of 15 month only. The standard treatment is aggressive surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, effective drugs available in chemotherapy are limited. The present study was designed to evaluate, for the first time, the potential therapeutic effect of Cissus quadrangularis in human glioblastoma cells and to investigate its possible mechanisms of action. In this study, we examined the anticancer activity of Cissus quadrangularis in human glioblastoma U87 MG cells by cell viability assay, cell migration assay, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot. Our results demonstrated that Cissus quadrangularis treatment induced U87 cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, and cell death. The cytotoxicity of Cissus quadrangularis mediates ER stress, autophagy, and mitochondrial apoptosis by suppressing pro-survival signaling pathways (extracellular signal-regulated kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathways). The findings of this study imply that Cissus quadrangularis is a promising anti-cancer candidate for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.
{"title":"Anti-Cancer Effect of Cissus quadrangularis on Human Glioblastoma Cells","authors":"Benxu Cheng, Yunlin Wei, L. Guerra, Rozena Shirvani-Arani, S. Balderas, L. Valdez, Andrew Tsin, Xiaoqian Fang","doi":"10.1093/rpsppr/rqad014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpsppr/rqad014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Glioblastoma multiforme is a common and fatal brain tumor in the central nervous system with a poor survival rate and a median survival time of 15 month only. The standard treatment is aggressive surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, effective drugs available in chemotherapy are limited. The present study was designed to evaluate, for the first time, the potential therapeutic effect of Cissus quadrangularis in human glioblastoma cells and to investigate its possible mechanisms of action.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this study, we examined the anticancer activity of Cissus quadrangularis in human glioblastoma U87 MG cells by cell viability assay, cell migration assay, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our results demonstrated that Cissus quadrangularis treatment induced U87 cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, and cell death. The cytotoxicity of Cissus quadrangularis mediates ER stress, autophagy, and mitochondrial apoptosis by suppressing pro-survival signaling pathways (extracellular signal-regulated kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathways).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The findings of this study imply that Cissus quadrangularis is a promising anti-cancer candidate for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74744,"journal":{"name":"RPS pharmacy and pharmacology reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46407373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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