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An evaluation of the performance of imputation methods for missing meteorological data in Burkina Faso and Senegal 对布基纳法索和塞内加尔气象数据缺失的归算方法的性能评价
Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2023.3221
Diouf Semou, Deme Abdoulaye, Hadji Deme El, Fall Papa, Diouf Ibrahima
Addressing data incompleteness issues is crucial for reliable climate studies, especially in regions like Africa that commonly experience data gaps. This study aims to evaluate the performance of five imputation methods (knn, ppca, mice, imputeTS, and missForest) on meteorological data from stations in Burkina Faso and Senegal. The imputed data is compared with ERA5 reanalysis data to validate its accuracy. Temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation observations from the GSOD dataset (1973-2020) were used, creating subsets with missing rates of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40%. An evaluation was conducted using the Taylor diagram and Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE). The results show a good estimation of temperature and relative humidity time series, with missForest performing the best for handling missing values. Precipitation estimation was less accurate, but there was strong agreement between estimated and observed data. ImputeTS was recommended for precipitation. Spatial consistency between imputed data and ERA5 reanalysis products was found. This research improves the quality of meteorological data, provides essential information about climatic characteristics, and serves as a foundation for climate change and weather modeling studies.   Key words: Meteorological data, imputation methods, Senegal, Burkina Faso.
解决数据不完整问题对于可靠的气候研究至关重要,特别是在非洲等通常存在数据缺口的地区。本研究旨在评估5种估算方法(knn、ppca、mice、imputeTS和missForest)在布基纳法索和塞内加尔气象站气象数据上的表现。将输入数据与ERA5再分析数据进行对比,验证其准确性。使用GSOD数据集(1973-2020)的温度、相对湿度和降水观测数据,创建缺失率分别为5%、10%、20%、30%和40%的子集。采用泰勒图和克林-古普塔效率(KGE)进行评价。结果表明,misforest可以很好地估计温度和相对湿度时间序列,其中misforest在处理缺失值方面表现最好。降水估计不太准确,但估计数据与观测数据之间有很强的一致性。推荐使用ImputeTS进行沉淀。输入数据与ERA5再分析结果在空间上一致。这项研究提高了气象数据的质量,提供了有关气候特征的重要信息,并为气候变化和天气模式研究奠定了基础。,关键词:气象资料;归算方法;塞内加尔;
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引用次数: 0
Association of Bacillus subtilis 34 and soil conditioner for promoting growth in okra plants 枯草芽孢杆菌34与土壤改良剂对秋葵生长的促进作用
Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2023.3225
Josiane Martins Maria, Cassia Ferreira Ribeiro Regina, Martins Alves Renato, Augusto Rodrigues Matrangolo Carlos, Gracielly de Almeida Souza Lorena, Aparecida Xavier Adelica, Rodrigues dos Santos Silvanio, Carolyne Cardoso Batista Isabelle, Oliveira Santos Isabela, Isabelle Chaves Neves Dayane, Hiydu Mizobutsi Edson, Souza Nascimento Santos Helena
Spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is uneven in arid and semiarid regions, consequently affecting the growth and production of vegetables, mainly when combined with high temperatures. Therefore, improving water use efficiency is an urgent issue for growing crops in regions with such characteristics. The use of cellulose-based water retainer polymers combined with growth-promoting rhizobacteria can induce the plant tolerance to water deficit and promote plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combined application of Bacillus subtilis isolate 34 and a cellulose-based water-retaining polymer (WRP) on the growth of okra plants. B. subtilis-34 was grown in a rice culture medium with and without WRP. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four treatments (B. subtilis-34 + WRP, B. subtilis-34, WRP, and control) and eight replications. No significant difference was found for growth of B. subtilis-34 in rice culture medium with and without WRP (p?0.05). All analyzed variables in okra plants subjected to application of B. subtilis-34 + WRP (p?0.05) showed higher results. The combined application of B. subtilis-34 and WRP promoted higher development of okra plants.   Key words: Abelmoschus esculentus, rhizobacteria, sustainability, water-retaining polymer.
干旱半干旱区水资源时空分布不均,影响蔬菜生长和生产,主要是在高温条件下。因此,提高水分利用效率是这类地区作物种植的迫切问题。纤维素基保水性聚合物与促生长根瘤菌结合使用,可以诱导植物对水分亏缺的耐受性,促进植物生长。本研究旨在评价枯草芽孢杆菌分离株34与纤维素基保水性聚合物(WRP)联合施用对秋葵生长的影响。枯草芽孢杆菌-34在添加和不添加WRP的水稻培养基中生长。采用随机区组设计,设置枯草芽孢杆菌-34 + WRP、枯草芽孢杆菌-34、WRP和对照4个处理,8个重复。在添加和不添加WRP的水稻培养基中,枯草芽孢杆菌34的生长无显著差异(p?0.05)。施用枯草芽孢杆菌-34 + WRP对秋葵植株各分析指标均有显著提高(p?0.05)。枯草芽孢杆菌-34与WRP配施可促进秋葵植株发育。,关键词:青豆,根菌,可持续性,保水聚合物
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引用次数: 0
Water exploitation-induced climate change 水资源开发引起的气候变化
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2023.3177
Muhammad Adel Miah
Downstream countries can experience a range of direct, indirect, and feedback effects from upstream water piracy. These consequences can range from economic decline due to decreased availability of water for agriculture and fisheries, to the disruption of ecosystems from alterations to water flows and ecosystems, to the potential for political tensions that arise due to unequal access to water resources. The upstream country backs the downstream country's government to serve its own interests. The loss of the heat-storing water medium of the Aral Sea due to the former Soviet Union pirating water from the basin's feeding rivers for cotton production has resulted in warmer summers and cooler winters in the region than before. India is turning the basins of the Ganges and the Teesta into another Aral Sea basin, while deluging the basins with recurrent floods through the sudden release of water from the Farakka and Teesta barrages, and other trans-border river barrages. India's threat to revoke the more than six-decade-old Indus River water treaty has put Pakistan at a severe disadvantage, as extreme climatic events and an increase in irrigation progression have been linked to an increase in lightning-related fatalities. Some Nobel Laureate Professors have mistakenly identified energy insolvency as the cause of water piracy amid the competing plans of building dams and barrages by India and China, which threatens to turn the lower Brahmaputra and Mekong basins into another Aral Sea-like disaster Climatologists should soon embark on a holistic study of CO2 emissions and surface water exploitation in order to keep the planet livable, and use water for necessity rather than greed.   Key words: Water piracy, Aral Sea, Ganges, Teesta, Brahmaputra, Indus, Mekong, Indus water treaty, CO2, Bangladesh, Farakka Barrage, Teesta Barrage, dams, barrages.
下游国家可能会受到上游海盗行为的一系列直接、间接和反馈影响。这些后果包括农业和渔业用水减少造成的经济衰退,水流和生态系统改变造成的生态系统破坏,以及水资源获取不平等造成的潜在政治紧张局势。上游国家支持下游国家的政府为自己的利益服务。由于前苏联从咸海盆地的供棉花生产的河流中掠夺水,咸海的蓄热水介质失去了,导致该地区的夏季比以前温暖,冬季比以前凉爽。印度正在把恒河和提斯塔河流域变成另一个咸海盆地,同时,由于法拉卡河和提斯塔河拦河坝以及其他跨界河流拦河坝的突然泄洪,这些流域经常被洪水淹没。印度威胁要废除已有60多年历史的印度河水资源条约,这使巴基斯坦处于严重劣势,因为极端气候事件和灌溉进度的增加与雷击相关死亡人数的增加有关。一些诺贝尔奖得主教授错误地认为,在印度和中国竞相修建水坝和河坝的计划中,能源短缺是导致水资源掠夺的原因,这可能会把布拉马普特拉河下游和湄公河流域变成另一个类似咸海的灾难。气候学家应该尽快开始对二氧化碳排放和地表水开采进行全面研究,以保持地球的宜居性,并出于需要而不是贪婪地用水。,关键词:海盗,咸海,恒河,Teesta,雅鲁藏布江,印度河,湄公河,印度河水条约,二氧化碳,孟加拉国,法拉卡拦河坝,Teesta拦河坝,水坝,拦河坝
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引用次数: 0
Degradation of chlorantraniliprole by photocatalysis of supported titanium dioxide: Effect of operating parameters 负载型二氧化钛光催化降解氯虫腈:操作参数的影响
Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2022.3157
Kossonou Roland N'GUETTIA, Moussa DIARRA, Baba Donafologo SORO, Kouassi Narcisse ABOUA, Bertrand GOMBERT, Karim Sory TRAORE
The rinsing of sprayers after the phytosanitary treatment of agricultural plots generates waste water, which is discharged without prior treatment into aquatic environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a supported photocatalytic process for the degradation of chlorantraniliprole in an aqueous medium. Clay balls were made in the laboratory from 40 mL of ultrapure water added to 100 g of clay powder to obtain a homogeneous paste. Beads were made and dried at 105°C for 24 h and then baked at 550°C in the oven to make them water-resistant. They were soaked in a 10 g/L ethanol solution of TiO2 for 24 h, then calcined at 400°C. The photocatalysis experiments were carried out with 50 ml reactors containing 40 g of beads under sunlight in a humid tropical zone for 300 min. The results showed a decrease in the concentration of chlorantraniliprole 500 µg/L under theses experimental conditions. The degradation of this insecticide is significantly improved by increasing the clay mass at pH = 6 for a concentration of 500 µg/L. In addition, the application of this photocatalytic process on environmental matrices showed that this process was effective for the depollution of drinking water and river water. The beads were reused for all experiments by recycling them by calcination at 400°C.   Key words: Chlorantraniliprole, supported titanium dioxide, clay beads, aqueous medium.
农田植物检疫处理后喷雾器的冲洗会产生废水,这些废水未经处理就排放到水生环境中。本研究的目的是评价负载光催化工艺在水介质中降解氯虫腈的效率。粘土球是在实验室中由40毫升超纯水加入100克粘土粉制成的,以获得均匀的糊状物。制作珠子,在105℃下干燥24小时,然后在550℃的烤箱中烘烤,使其防水。在10 g/L的TiO2乙醇溶液中浸泡24 h,然后在400℃下煅烧。光催化实验采用50 ml反应器,含40 g微球,在潮湿的热带地区光照下进行300 min。实验结果表明,在此实验条件下,氯虫腈浓度降低500微g/L。在pH = 6、浓度为500微g/L时,增加粘土质量,可显著改善该杀虫剂的降解。此外,该光催化工艺在环境基质上的应用表明,该工艺对饮用水和河水的去污染是有效的。通过在400℃下煅烧回收这些珠子,将它们重新用于所有实验。,关键词:氯虫腈;负载型二氧化钛;粘土微珠;
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引用次数: 0
An exploratory study of the impact of commingled biochar on removal of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from crude oil polluted soil 混合生物炭对原油污染土壤中总石油烃(TPH)脱除影响的探索性研究
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2023.3200
Hogan Itam Daniel, Hogan Itam Ako, N. Udeh, Ugwoha Ejikeme
.
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引用次数: 0
Effect of acid pre-treatment and two-stage oxygen-assisted fermentation on the production of vinegar from lignocellulose biomass peel of pineapple 酸预处理和两段氧助发酵对菠萝木质纤维素生物质果皮制醋的影响
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2023.3203
Nyuykongi Meldrade, Agwanande Ambindei Wilson, Pride Ndasi Ngwasiri, M. Ngwa, Benoit Ngassoum Martin, Jong Emmanuel
The valorization of lignocellulosic waste stands as a promising avenue to bolster sustainable food production and consumption within a circular economy framework. This study centered on the production of vinegar from pineapple peels through a two-stage fermentation process aided by oxygen. The pineapple peels underwent sorting, washing, drying, and subsequent grinding into a powder. This powder was subjected to hydrolysis using dilute sulphuric acid, followed by primary alcoholic fermentation utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The resulting fermented must was then subjected to oxidation in a second stage, facilitated by Acetobacter aceti, with varying concentrations of oxygen. A central composite design involving three factors, fermentation time, bacteria inoculum, and oxygen was employed to investigate the impact of these process parameters on the physicochemical attributes (pH, specific gravity, total soluble solids, titratable acidity) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the produced vinegar. The acid hydrolysis phase led to a notable rise in total soluble sugars (6 to 11.5 oBrix) and glucose concentration (300 to 580 mg/dL). Primary fermentation resulted in significant reductions in pH (7.02 to 5.38), total soluble solids (11.5 to 6 oBrix), and glucose concentration (580 to 62 mg/dL), accompanied by marked increases in titratable acidity (g/100 ml) and alcohol content (0.6 to 7%). The volume of oxygen demonstrated significant effects on acetic acid content, pH, and specific gravity, with the highest values (4.68 g/100 ml, 4.02, and 1.004, respectively) achieved at the maximum oxygen volume of 100 ml. The FRAP values ranged from 16.7 to 24.97 mg Fe2+ / mg, with the sample lacking oxygen displaying the highest FRAP. Furthermore, fermentation time and bacteria inoculum exerted significant effects on acetic acid content, with an optimal value of 4.43 g/100 ml. Interaction between bacteria inoculum, oxygen volume, and fermentation time also had significant effects on specific gravity.
木质纤维素废物的增值是在循环经济框架内加强可持续粮食生产和消费的一个有希望的途径。本研究的重点是通过氧气辅助的两阶段发酵过程从菠萝皮生产醋。菠萝皮经过分类、洗涤、干燥,然后磨成粉末。将该粉末用稀硫酸水解,然后利用酿酒酵母进行初级酒精发酵。然后在第二阶段,由乙酰杆菌促进,用不同浓度的氧气进行氧化。采用发酵时间、细菌接种量和氧气3个因素的中心复合设计,研究了发酵工艺参数对食醋理化特性(pH、比重、总可溶性固形物、可滴定酸度)和铁还原抗氧化能力(FRAP)的影响。酸水解阶段导致总可溶性糖(6 ~ 11.5 oBrix)和葡萄糖浓度(300 ~ 580 mg/dL)显著升高。初级发酵导致pH值(7.02至5.38)、可溶性固体总量(11.5至6 oBrix)和葡萄糖浓度(580至62 mg/dL)显著降低,同时可滴定酸度(g/100 ml)和酒精含量(0.6至7%)显著增加。氧体积对乙酸含量、pH值和比重有显著影响,最大氧体积为100 ml时,FRAP值最高,分别为4.68 g/100 ml、4.02和1.004。FRAP值在16.7 ~ 24.97 mg Fe2+ / mg之间,缺氧样品的FRAP最高。发酵时间和细菌接种量对乙酸含量有显著影响,最优值为4.43 g/100 ml。细菌接种量、氧气量和发酵时间的交互作用对比重也有显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
Tree diversity and carbon stock in urban area of Senegal and their implications to human health and well-being 塞内加尔城市地区树木多样性和碳储量及其对人类健康和福祉的影响
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2023.3188
Niang Fatimata, Bâ-Fall Khadidiatou, Diop Fatoumata, Anta Fall Fatou, Abou Diallo Hadji, T. Mamadou, Sambou Simon, Danièle Dieng Sara
Urban green spaces (UGSs) have become essential to meet environmental requirements and improve the quality of life of inhabitants thanks to their role on air pollution, heat islands and climate change. The aim of this study was to characterize the biological diversity of UGSs in the commune of Fann Point E Amitié and their importance for human health. A floristic inventory was carried out to assess tree diversity in these UGSs, and mapping combined with an allometric model was used to estimate carbon stocks. Surveys were also carried out to gather residents' perceptions of the contribution of UGSs to health and well-being. A total of 509 trees, belonging to 55 species and 50 genera, were surveyed. The total quantity of carbon for the whole municipality is estimated at 21.16 tons. Almost all those surveyed recognized the importance of UGSs for a variety of reasons, but the main one was their positive impact on health and relaxation. These results show that beyond the beauty of their landscape, UGSs should be perceived through their role in biodiversity conservation thanks to the number of species they host, in climate change mitigation thanks to the carbon sequestration by trees, and their role in human health.
由于城市绿地在空气污染、热岛和气候变化方面的作用,它已成为满足环境要求和提高居民生活质量的关键。本研究的目的是表征Fann Point E amiti社区UGSs的生物多样性及其对人类健康的重要性。利用植物区系清查和异速生长模型估算碳储量。还进行了调查,以收集居民对uggs对健康和福祉的贡献的看法。共调查树木509棵,隶属于50属55种。整个城市的碳总量估计为21.16吨。几乎所有的受访者都认识到UGSs的重要性,原因有很多,但最主要的是它们对健康和放松的积极影响。这些结果表明,除了景观之美之外,人们还应该通过它们在保护生物多样性方面的作用(由于它们所拥有的物种数量)、在减缓气候变化方面(由于树木的碳封存)以及在人类健康方面的作用来认识它们。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of climate variability modes on trend and interannual variability of sea level near the West African coast 气候变率模态对西非沿海海平面趋势和年际变率的影响
Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2022.3173
Dièye Arame, Ali Sow Bamol, Boubacar Dieng Habib, Marchesiello Patrick, Descroix Luc
{"title":"Impact of climate variability modes on trend and interannual variability of sea level near the West African coast","authors":"Dièye Arame, Ali Sow Bamol, Boubacar Dieng Habib, Marchesiello Patrick, Descroix Luc","doi":"10.5897/ajest2022.3173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2022.3173","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89678743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of a filter system using silver nanoparticles modified silica sand for drinking water disinfection 纳米银改性二氧化硅砂过滤系统的研制
Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2023.3194
Msoka Margareth, Jacob Fortunatus, Mahadhy Ally
{"title":"Development of a filter system using silver nanoparticles modified silica sand for drinking water disinfection","authors":"Msoka Margareth, Jacob Fortunatus, Mahadhy Ally","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3194","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81077894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Water quality evaluation using water quality index and pollution model in selected communities in Gbaramatu Kingdom, Niger Delta, Nigeria 利用水质指数和污染模型对尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲gabaramatu王国选定社区的水质进行评价
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2023.3193
Sam Kabari, Paschaline Onyena Amarachi, Joshua Eriegha Ochuko, Eze Felix
{"title":"Water quality evaluation using water quality index and pollution model in selected communities in Gbaramatu Kingdom, Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"Sam Kabari, Paschaline Onyena Amarachi, Joshua Eriegha Ochuko, Eze Felix","doi":"10.5897/ajest2023.3193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2023.3193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84036608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
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