The management of solid waste is recognised as a challenging activity with respect to the environment, particularly within rapidly growing urban centres in Lower Income Countries. This paper examines the issue of landfill-waste-generated fires and resultant pollution plumes sourced within the Chunga Landfill Site, Lusaka, Zambia. The authors present the results of a geospatial analysis research programme to map and assess risks posed by landfill combustion. The project identified fires and their plumes in the period 2013 to 2019. Pollution plumes are predominantly oriented East to West but also form plumes blowing towards the South West and North West. The area impacted by landfill plumes increased from 34 ha in 2013 to 133 ha in 2019. There is significant existential and potential human-exposure to these plumes. An estimated 5000 residents live within the areas affected by landfill-combustion-plumes. The authors suggest the following framework for landfill management to be adopted: (1) for waste to be increasingly sorted and segregated with different disposal options developed for different types of waste; ( 2) for methane and gas evacuation pipes to be inserted into the Chunga Site in a systematic rectilinear manner which allows for its safe dispersal: alternately collect the gases as usable biogas; (3) rapid extinguishing of any fires; (4) weekly monitoring of the landfill site by UAV and on-theground inspections; (5) active weekly monitoring of air quality; (6) develop a communication strategy that aims to engage local residents and other stakeholders concerning Chunga Landfill waste management; (7) the further drafting of medium-long term waste management policy in Lusaka that takes account of the rapid population growth and increasing landfill requirements.
{"title":"The environmental impact of landfill fires and their contaminant plumes at the Chunga landfill site, Lusaka, Zambia","authors":"Milimo Muleya, Graham Hinchliffe, M. Petterson","doi":"10.5897/ajest2021.3008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2021.3008","url":null,"abstract":"The management of solid waste is recognised as a challenging activity with respect to the environment, particularly within rapidly growing urban centres in Lower Income Countries. This paper examines the issue of landfill-waste-generated fires and resultant pollution plumes sourced within the Chunga Landfill Site, Lusaka, Zambia. The authors present the results of a geospatial analysis research programme to map and assess risks posed by landfill combustion. The project identified fires and their plumes in the period 2013 to 2019. Pollution plumes are predominantly oriented East to West but also form plumes blowing towards the South West and North West. The area impacted by landfill plumes increased from 34 ha in 2013 to 133 ha in 2019. There is significant existential and potential human-exposure to these plumes. An estimated 5000 residents live within the areas affected by landfill-combustion-plumes. The authors suggest the following framework for landfill management to be adopted: (1) for waste to be increasingly sorted and segregated with different disposal options developed for different types of waste; ( 2) for methane and gas evacuation pipes to be inserted into the Chunga Site in a systematic rectilinear manner which allows for its safe dispersal: alternately collect the gases as usable biogas; (3) rapid extinguishing of any fires; (4) weekly monitoring of the landfill site by UAV and on-theground inspections; (5) active weekly monitoring of air quality; (6) develop a communication strategy that aims to engage local residents and other stakeholders concerning Chunga Landfill waste management; (7) the further drafting of medium-long term waste management policy in Lusaka that takes account of the rapid population growth and increasing landfill requirements.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89619639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Moussa, Nour Abdallah Mahamat, H. Abderamane, H. Mackaye, A. Likius, M. Schuster, P. Duringer, J. Ghienne, P. Vignaud
{"title":"Analysis of the deposit conditions of sedimentary series of fluvio-lacustrine and aeolian origin in the Djourab desert, in Northern Chad","authors":"A. Moussa, Nour Abdallah Mahamat, H. Abderamane, H. Mackaye, A. Likius, M. Schuster, P. Duringer, J. Ghienne, P. Vignaud","doi":"10.5897/ajest2021.3042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2021.3042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87343417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatio-temporal dynamics of land use on the expansion of coffee agroforestry systems in Cameroons production basins","authors":"Kuete Fogang Marcien, Louise Avana Tientcheu Marie, Tankou Christopher, Ndo Eunice","doi":"10.5897/ajest2021.3073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2021.3073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85387725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate models are generally used to evaluate the climate change impacts. However, they have important biases at the regional or local scales. This study evaluates the future temperature projections in Lake of Guiers/Senegal. For this, the daily maximum and minimum temperature from the ensemble mean of five (5) Coordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) regional climate models (RCMs) under the greenhouse gas scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 and three (3) bias correction methods (Linear scaling, variance scaling and quantile mapping methods) were used. The performance of raw ensemble mean of the models was first evaluated against the WFDEI data. The results show that this latter exhibits some limitations to reproduce the minimum and the maximum temperature at the Lake scale. In order to make temperature data more accurate, the three bias correction methods were used. Results show that bias correction methods improve well the simulated minimum and maximum temperature. The future temperature projections show an increase of temperature which are faster in bias-corrected data. From the results it is indicated that it is necessary to implement appropriate adaptation measures to address these climate changes.
{"title":"Improving future temperature projections with bias correction methods in Lake of Guiers/Senegal","authors":"B. S. Alioune","doi":"10.5897/ajest2021.3031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2021.3031","url":null,"abstract":"Climate models are generally used to evaluate the climate change impacts. However, they have important biases at the regional or local scales. This study evaluates the future temperature projections in Lake of Guiers/Senegal. For this, the daily maximum and minimum temperature from the ensemble mean of five (5) Coordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) regional climate models (RCMs) under the greenhouse gas scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 and three (3) bias correction methods (Linear scaling, variance scaling and quantile mapping methods) were used. The performance of raw ensemble mean of the models was first evaluated against the WFDEI data. The results show that this latter exhibits some limitations to reproduce the minimum and the maximum temperature at the Lake scale. In order to make temperature data more accurate, the three bias correction methods were used. Results show that bias correction methods improve well the simulated minimum and maximum temperature. The future temperature projections show an increase of temperature which are faster in bias-corrected data. From the results it is indicated that it is necessary to implement appropriate adaptation measures to address these climate changes.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81844778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the use of effective microorganisms (EM) to enhance cost-effective biogas purification at household-level application. It involved experimental setups for biogas purification in two different runs: 4 L activated EM and 1 L dormant EM by bubbling biogas through EM purification units. Biogas composition was analyzed using an industry-standard biogas analyzer. The results indicated that EM has the potential for biogas purification through a biological process, to remove H2S and CO2 by involving photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas palustris) in the presence of light. The raw biogas average composition was 62.2% CH4, 37.4% CO2 and 1359.3 ppm H2S. The 4L activated EM batch solution purified the raw biogas to 80.2% CH4, 19.5% CO2 and 786.1 ppm H2S. The corresponding purification efficiencies are 60% for CO2 and 49% for H2S. Purified biogas could be used by the household to cook for 1.82 h (85%) while raw biogas could cover only 55%. The designed biogas purification system can cost only Tshs 91,010/= and purify about 15,000 L of biogas at EM cost of Tshs 9,100/month.
{"title":"Use of effective microorganisms to enhance cost-effective biogas purification at the household level","authors":"Minza Selele, M. S. Mgana, E. S. Mbuligwe","doi":"10.5897/ajest2020.2935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2020.2935","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the use of effective microorganisms (EM) to enhance cost-effective biogas purification at household-level application. It involved experimental setups for biogas purification in two different runs: 4 L activated EM and 1 L dormant EM by bubbling biogas through EM purification units. Biogas composition was analyzed using an industry-standard biogas analyzer. The results indicated that EM has the potential for biogas purification through a biological process, to remove H2S and CO2 by involving photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas palustris) in the presence of light. The raw biogas average composition was 62.2% CH4, 37.4% CO2 and 1359.3 ppm H2S. The 4L activated EM batch solution purified the raw biogas to 80.2% CH4, 19.5% CO2 and 786.1 ppm H2S. The corresponding purification efficiencies are 60% for CO2 and 49% for H2S. Purified biogas could be used by the household to cook for 1.82 h (85%) while raw biogas could cover only 55%. The designed biogas purification system can cost only Tshs 91,010/= and purify about 15,000 L of biogas at EM cost of Tshs 9,100/month.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85050892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the hypothesis that rainfall variability has an impact on wetland loss is tested. There is limited research in Zimbabwe that recognises the influence of rainfall variability on wetland loss. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of rainfall variability on wetland size over time. Topographical maps, for the period 1972 to 2008, provided data on wetland locations and their changes in size with time. Rainfall data for Masvingo province for the 1980 to 2015 period was obtained from the Meteorological Services Department (MSD) of Zimbabwe. Statistical analysis shows that there is no relationship between rainfall variability and wetland loss. It can be concluded that there is no relationship between rainfall variability and wetland loss therefore. The research findings show that the rates of change in wetland size differ from one wetland to another. The implications on wetland management are that interventions should largely address human causal factors of wetland loss than rainfall variability. Therefore, it is vital to devise a wetland rehabilitation plan that enables management of water from the rivers and wetlands that the communities depend on. Key words: Climate change, rainfall variability, standard precipitation index (SPI), wetland rehabilitation, Zimbabwe.
{"title":"Analysis of the influence of precipitation patterns on wetland sizes in South-Eastern Zimbabwe","authors":"F. Makarati, T. Ruhiiga, L. Palamuleni","doi":"10.5897/AJEST2020.2862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST2020.2862","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the hypothesis that rainfall variability has an impact on wetland loss is tested. There is limited research in Zimbabwe that recognises the influence of rainfall variability on wetland loss. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of rainfall variability on wetland size over time. Topographical maps, for the period 1972 to 2008, provided data on wetland locations and their changes in size with time. Rainfall data for Masvingo province for the 1980 to 2015 period was obtained from the Meteorological Services Department (MSD) of Zimbabwe. Statistical analysis shows that there is no relationship between rainfall variability and wetland loss. It can be concluded that there is no relationship between rainfall variability and wetland loss therefore. The research findings show that the rates of change in wetland size differ from one wetland to another. The implications on wetland management are that interventions should largely address human causal factors of wetland loss than rainfall variability. Therefore, it is vital to devise a wetland rehabilitation plan that enables management of water from the rivers and wetlands that the communities depend on. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Climate change, rainfall variability, standard precipitation index (SPI), wetland rehabilitation, Zimbabwe.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"439-450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83508450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Food waste produced lactic acid for pathogen inactivation, urea stabilization and odor control in feces","authors":"Getaneh Zerihun, N. Agizew, D. Adey, G. Nancy","doi":"10.5897/ajest2021.3056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2021.3056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83243458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. D. A. Moussima, G. Ajeagah, Bilong Charles Félix Bilong
{"title":"Spatio-temporal distribution of Naididae tubificids species and bio-evaluation of the quality of some surface water bodies of Yaound, Cameroon","authors":"Y. D. A. Moussima, G. Ajeagah, Bilong Charles Félix Bilong","doi":"10.5897/ajest2021.3049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2021.3049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90741038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing and plugging the missing links for effective community participation in the Strategic Environmental Assessment and Land Use Plan of Yala Wetland, Kenya","authors":"Ouma Odero Douglas, A. O. Victor","doi":"10.5897/ajest2020.2930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest2020.2930","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75884215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fruits are a good source of carbohydrates, sugars, dietary fiber, fat, proteins, vitamins and minerals. In this study, mango fruits grown in Kasese as well as the soil and irrigation water used in fruit growing were analysed for heavy metals cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb). The mango fruits and soil samples were obtained from three sites; Mubuku Irrigation Scheme, Mpondwe-Lhubiriha Town Council (MLTC) and Nyakiyumbu Sub-County in Kasese district. The concentration of Cd was below detection levels in all samples of soil, irrigation water and mango fruits. The mean concentrations of Pb and Cr in the mango fruits was 0.32 ±0.08 and 0.4±0.07 mg/kg dry weight while in soil were 69.98 ± 4.24 mg/kg and 13.403±2.03 mg/kg respectively and that in irrigation water were 0.1127± 0.014 mg/L and 0.0171 ± 0.003 mg/L respectively. The concentration of Pb in mango fruits and in irrigation water was above the maximum permissible limits (MPL) while Pb in soil and Cr in all study matrices were within the MPL by WHO and Dutch standards. These findings suggest that in general, mango fruits grown in Kasese as well as irrigation water have high concentration of Pb and may be a health risk to consumers. Key words: Heavy metals, Mango fruits, soil, irrigation water, Kasese, Uganda.
{"title":"Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in Mango fruits grown in Kasese district, Uganda","authors":"G. Muhwezi, Johnson Thembo, Juliet Kyayesimira","doi":"10.5897/AJEST2021.3041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST2021.3041","url":null,"abstract":"Fruits are a good source of carbohydrates, sugars, dietary fiber, fat, proteins, vitamins and minerals. In this study, mango fruits grown in Kasese as well as the soil and irrigation water used in fruit growing were analysed for heavy metals cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb). The mango fruits and soil samples were obtained from three sites; Mubuku Irrigation Scheme, Mpondwe-Lhubiriha Town Council (MLTC) and Nyakiyumbu Sub-County in Kasese district. The concentration of Cd was below detection levels in all samples of soil, irrigation water and mango fruits. The mean concentrations of Pb and Cr in the mango fruits was 0.32 ±0.08 and 0.4±0.07 mg/kg dry weight while in soil were 69.98 ± 4.24 mg/kg and 13.403±2.03 mg/kg respectively and that in irrigation water were 0.1127± 0.014 mg/L and 0.0171 ± 0.003 mg/L respectively. The concentration of Pb in mango fruits and in irrigation water was above the maximum permissible limits (MPL) while Pb in soil and Cr in all study matrices were within the MPL by WHO and Dutch standards. These findings suggest that in general, mango fruits grown in Kasese as well as irrigation water have high concentration of Pb and may be a health risk to consumers. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Heavy metals, Mango fruits, soil, irrigation water, Kasese, Uganda.","PeriodicalId":7483,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77860387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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