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Contamination level of spent engine oil in the rhizosphere of Arachis Hypogea L. 花生根际废机油污染水平的研究。
Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2023.3189
B. Chinenye, Chinedu Amadi Chibugo, Boniface Ezea Ifeanyi, I. E. Ngele, Clara Ikegbunam, Stella Okeke Chinaza, Obashi Ojua Eugene
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引用次数: 0
Community perception of heavy metal pollution and related risks in Lake Victoria Wetlands, Uganda 乌干达维多利亚湖湿地社区对重金属污染及相关风险的认知
Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2023.3186
Asiyo Ssanyu Grace, Kiwanuka Marvious, Lunkuse Irene, Mbeiza Mutekanga Norah
Wetlands contributing a wide range of livelihoods to the riparian communities are progressively challenged with compounding heavy metals pollution. Controlling the negative impacts of the associated toxicants and adherence to policy implementation requires increased awareness among the local communities. This study investigated the socio-economic variables determining community risk perception of heavy metal pollution in the Lake Victoria wetlands associated with different land uses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted focusing on the wetlands’ pollution status, sources and effects of toxicants on human health. Age, education and occupation were significant predictors of the community risk perception of the wetlands’ heavy pollution. Individuals with at least secondary education were more likely to say a wetland was polluted or not. 68 % and 45 % of respondents agreed that industrial and commercial agricultural activities respectively, were the major sources of heavy metal pollution. Less than 25% of respondents identifying related implications of heavy metal contamination on human health was attributed to the low pollution risk awareness among the wetland dwellers. Therefore, there is a need to incorporate environmental pollution risk concepts at the different education levels using proper risk communication strategies to enable local communities to exploit wetlands resources from an informed point of view.   Key words: Community risk perception; heavy metal pollution; Lake Victoria wetlands. 
为河岸社区提供广泛生计的湿地正日益受到重金属污染的挑战。要控制相关毒物的负面影响并遵守政策执行,就需要提高当地社区的认识。本研究探讨了不同土地利用方式对维多利亚湖湿地重金属污染风险感知的社会经济变量影响。以湿地为研究对象,进行了横断面调查;污染状况、来源及有毒物质对人体健康的影响。年龄、教育程度和职业是影响湿地风险感知的显著预测因子;重污染。至少受过中等教育的人更有可能说湿地受到污染或没有。68%和45%的受访者分别认为工业和商业农业活动是重金属污染的主要来源。只有不到25%的答复者认为重金属污染对人类健康有相关影响,原因是湿地居民的污染风险意识较低。因此,有必要采用适当的风险沟通策略,将环境污染风险概念纳入不同的教育层次,使当地社区能够从知情的角度开发湿地资源。,关键词:社区风险感知;重金属污染;维多利亚湖湿地
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of parameters influencing gas production and gasification kinetics of Ziguinchor biomass 紫金草生物质产气及气化动力学影响参数的研究
Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2022.3170
DIEDHIOU Ansoumane, NDIAYE Lat-Grand, BENSAKHRIA Ammar
This study presents the gasification of three types of biomass residues (wood, stem and shells) under CO2 and water steam, using the different analyses X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Generally, the experiments are carried out using XRF installations and a fixed bed reactor system. The tests are carried out on wood, stems, and shells, because of their energy contents (Lower heating value LHV), and their high availability in the Ziguinchor region (Senegal). The solid residues obtained after pyrolysis were used to carry out the gasification tests. Thus, several gasification tests were carried out and the results were interpreted using the Arrhenius equation. Two kinetic models (Volume Reaction Model, and Shrinking Core Model) were used to explain the influence of experimental parameters (nature of biomass, reagent type, and temperature) on synthesis gas production. From the experimental results, it is found that the nature of the sample, the reagent, and the variation in temperature have significant effect on the char kinetics conversion. In addition to the differences in the chemical composition of the raw sample, ash and char density, an explanation on the parameters effects, which vary the conversion kinetics during the gasification tests is given. The purpose of this work is to understand the kinetic variations of raw materials in the fixed bed reactor during gasification.   Key words: Biomass residues, gasification, kinetic conversion, ash chemical composition.
本研究介绍了三种类型的生物质残留物(木材,茎和壳)在二氧化碳和水蒸气下的气化,使用不同的x射线荧光(XRF)分析。一般来说,实验是使用XRF装置和固定床反应器系统进行的。试验是在木材、茎和壳上进行的,因为它们的能量含量(较低的热值LHV)以及它们在Ziguinchor地区(塞内加尔)的高可用性。利用热解后得到的固体残渣进行气化试验。因此,进行了几次气化试验,并用阿伦尼乌斯方程对结果进行了解释。采用体积反应模型和收缩核模型来解释实验参数(生物质性质、试剂类型和温度)对合成气产量的影响。从实验结果来看,样品性质、试剂、温度的变化对炭的动力学转化有显著的影响。除了原料样品的化学成分、灰分和焦炭密度的差异外,还解释了气化试验过程中影响转化动力学的参数影响。本工作的目的是了解原料在固定床反应器气化过程中的动力学变化。,关键词:生物质残渣,气化,动力学转化,灰分化学组成。
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引用次数: 0
Giant African land snails (Achatina achatina and Archachatina marginata) as bioindicator of heavy metal pollution 巨型非洲蜗牛(Achatina Achatina和Archachatina marginata)作为重金属污染的生物指标
Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2022.3131
Ayodeji Ajayi Andrew, Odunayo Oyewole Bisola
It is important to always monitor the bioaccumulation potential for heavy metals by organisms especially the edible ones, to assess their potential risk to human health. This study evaluated the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the shell and soft tissues of snails. Forty snails each were purchased from Ikire and Ore towns. The snails’ shells, feet, digestive tracts and glands were analysed for bioaccumulation of heavy metals using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals varied with the location and species of the snail. Archachatina marginata from Ore accumulated higher concentrations of heavy metals than A. marginata from Ikire. The concentration of Pb in Achatina achatina and A. marginata from Ikire, and Cd in A. marginata from Ore are slightly above the FAO/WHO permissible limits. Foot bioaccumulated more heavy metals in A. achatina while the digestive gland bioaccumulated more heavy metals in A. marginata. The study concluded that the shell and soft tissues of A. achatina at Ikire and A. marginata at Ikire and Ore bioaccumulated some levels of toxic heavy metals. A. achatina and A. marginata are capable of being used as a sentinel to study the physiological and biochemical imbalances in living organisms arising from the accumulation of heavy metals.   Key words: Bioaccumulation, heavy metal pollution, snails, Achatina achatina, Archachatina marginata.
长期监测生物特别是食用生物对重金属的生物蓄积潜力,以评估其对人体健康的潜在危害是十分重要的。研究了重金属在蜗牛壳和软组织中的生物积累。各从Ikire镇和Ore镇购买了40只蜗牛。snails’用原子吸收分光光度计分析了贝壳、脚、消化道和腺体中重金属的生物积累。结果表明,钉螺中重金属含量随钉螺的位置和种类的不同而不同。矿石产的边沿沙蚕重金属积累浓度高于伊克尔产的边沿沙蚕。来自爱尔兰的阿卡蒂娜和阿卡蒂娜的铅浓度以及来自俄勒冈的阿卡蒂娜的镉浓度略高于粮农组织/世界卫生组织的允许限值。足部对重金属的生物积累较多,而消化腺对重金属的生物积累较多。研究认为,在伊克尔和奥雷的阿卡蒂娜和边缘阿卡蒂娜的壳和软组织生物积累了一定水平的有毒重金属。金针菇和毛边菇可以作为研究生物体内重金属积累引起的生理生化失衡的哨兵。,关键词:生物积累;重金属污染;蜗牛;
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引用次数: 0
Ecosystem modification and land use change in South East Nigeria: Realities and prospects for conservation 尼日利亚东南部生态系统改造和土地利用变化:保护的现实与前景
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2023.3181
I. Igu Nwabueze, N. Ayogu Chinero, V. Okolo Ngozi, O. Duluora Joseph, I. Eburu Peter
Ecosystem modification is increasing in scale and presents the need to provide suitable conservation strategies to address dearth in policy guidelines. This work elucidated the dynamics of land use change, prevalent forest use and policy, and conservation strategy. Geometrically rectified satellite imagery data were processed for 40 years; covering three epochs. Questionnaires were distributed across four locations: 50 questionnaires per location. Results of land use change showed that vegetation cover changed from 11666.6 ha to 6067.2 ha; bare surface: 2833.8 to 1831.4 ha; built up: 1084.4 to 6378.1 ha; farmland: 81.1 to 1407.5 ha and water body: 25.5 to 5.9 ha. Built up area had much land use change gains while vegetation cover recorded much loss. Results showed that individual ownership of forest areas dominated the area. As much as 83% are not aware of rules guiding forest use, details are neither known to a vast majority (88%), nor were the people’s interests considered when making such rules (up to 84%). Principal component analysis showed strategies for promoting conservation: Making and enforcing laws ensuring forest loss reduction, regulation of forest resource use and awareness on the implications of overharvesting, establishing small reserves, planting new forests and inclusion of local people in management.   Key words: Biodiversity, forest management, land use change, tropical ecosystem.
生态系统改变的规模正在增加,因此需要提供适当的保护战略,以解决政策指导方针缺乏的问题。这项工作阐明了土地利用变化的动态、普遍的森林利用和政策以及保护战略。经过几何校正的卫星图像数据处理了40年;涵盖三个时代。调查问卷在四个地点分发:每个地点50份。土地利用变化结果表明:植被覆盖由11666.6 ha增加到6067.2 ha;光面面积:2833.8至1831.4 ha;面积:1084.4至6378.1公顷;耕地面积81.1 ~ 1407.5公顷,水体面积25.5 ~ 5.9公顷。建成区土地利用变化收益较大,植被覆盖损失较大。结果表明,该区林地以个人所有制为主。多达83%的人不知道指导森林使用的规则,绝大多数人(88%)不知道细节,在制定这些规则时也没有考虑到人民的利益(高达84%)。主成分分析显示了促进保护的战略:制定和执行确保减少森林损失的法律、管理森林资源的使用和提高对过度采伐影响的认识、建立小型保护区、种植新的森林和让当地人民参与管理。,关键词:生物多样性,森林经营,土地利用变化,热带生态系统
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引用次数: 0
Microbiological quality of stream and borehole water in Lushoto District, Tanzania 坦桑尼亚卢绍托地区溪流和井水的微生物质量
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2023.3182
M. CHOVE Lucy, ATHUMANI Hadija
A study was conducted to assess the microbiological quality of water in two streams and three boreholes from Sunga and Mbaru wards in Lushoto district, Tanzania. Water samples were collected in duplicate from the streams and boreholes. Three locations were selected along the stream including unpopulated forest areas, highly populated and less populated areas both with agricultural activities. Analysis of data was done by R-Software and means separated by Turkey‘s honest significance test at p<0.05. Significant differences (p<0.05) in Escherichia coli and Salmonella contamination were observed along the three locations of the streams. Although the unpopulated forest areas were not contaminated by either microorganism except for one sample, the rest of the areas were contaminated. Highly populated agricultural areas were found to be contaminated by E. coli and Salmonella, followed by the less populated agricultural areas. Generally, water samples from the streams failed to meet the TZS 789 Standard and WHO 2011 water guidelines, a risk to water borne disease outbreaks. With the exception of E. coli from boreholes in Madukani, all other borehole water samples were within the limits stipulated in both the TZS 789 Standard and WHO 2011 Guidelines. Communities should be warned about the dangers of water contamination especially at the sources. In addition, water should be treated regardless of its source to improve its safety and quality for human consumption.   Key words: Water, Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, safety, quality, contamination, WHO.
进行了一项研究,以评估坦桑尼亚Lushoto区的Sunga和Mbaru区的两条溪流和三个钻孔中的水的微生物质量。从溪流和钻孔中采集了两份水样。沿着河流选择了三个地点,包括无人居住的森林地区,人口稠密地区和人口较少的农业活动地区。数据采用R-Software进行分析,均数采用Turkey&lsquo ' s诚实显著性检验,差异为0.05。大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌污染在3个地点均有显著差异(p<0.05)。除1份样品外,未发现森林地区存在微生物污染,其余地区均存在微生物污染。人口密集的农业地区被大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌污染,其次是人口较少的农业地区。一般来说,来自溪流的水样不符合TZS 789标准和世卫组织2011年水准则,有可能导致水传播疾病暴发。除了来自Madukani井眼的大肠杆菌外,所有其他井眼水样均在TZS 789标准和WHO 2011指南规定的范围内。应该提醒社区注意水污染的危险,特别是在水源处。此外,无论水源如何,都应对水进行处理,以改善其供人类消费的安全和质量。,关键词:水,大肠杆菌,沙门氏菌,安全,质量,污染,WHO
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引用次数: 0
Pollution assessment of light rare earth metals in sediments of the Ogun River 奥根河沉积物中轻稀土金属污染评价
Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2021.3024
M. A. Diayi, A. M. Gbadebo, T. A. Arowolo, J. A. Awomeso
This research was aimed at determining the concentrations of light earth metals in sediments of the Ogun River as well as their pollution and contamination status. Sediment samples collected using a graduated hand held sediment grab were stored in polythene bags and transported to the laboratory in an ice chested cooler. At the laboratory, the sediment samples were air dried, pulverized and sieved. Induced Couple Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS) was used to determine the concentrations of light rare earth metals in the samples. Results obtained showed that the Cs values obtained which ranged from 21.10 to 121.40 mg kg-1 were higher than the Average Shale Value (ASV) of 5.00 mg kg-1. Similarly, La ranged from 47.60 to 56.20 mg kg-1; a value which exceeded the ASV value of 43.00 mg kg-1. Values obtained were subjected to Geochemical Pollution Intensity (Igeo) and Contamination Factor (CF) analyses where all Cs values were seen to be very strongly contaminated while Igeo values for Cs which ranged from 3.20 to 4.00 showed highly polluted status. Cs is of great concern to sediment quality in areas surveyed. Likewise, light rare earth metals from Arakanga New Scheme (dam area) and Lafenwa (residential area) should be closely monitored to avoid adverse effects on aquatic or human lives due to high values observed.   Key words: Light rare earth metals, sediment, river, concentration, contamination.
本研究旨在确定奥贡河沉积物中轻金属的浓度及其污染和污染状况。使用分级手持沉积物抓取器收集的沉积物样本储存在聚乙烯袋中,并在冰柜冷却器中运输到实验室。在实验室,沉积物样品被风干、粉碎和筛分。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP/MS)测定样品中轻稀土金属的浓度。结果表明,所获得的Cs值为21.10 ~ 121.40 mg kg-1,高于平均页岩值(ASV) 5.00 mg kg-1。同样,La在47.60 ~ 56.20 mg kg-1之间;超过了43.00 mg kg-1的ASV值。得到的值进行了地球化学污染强度(Igeo)和污染系数(CF)分析,其中所有的Cs值都被认为是非常严重的污染,而Cs的Igeo值范围在3.20至4.00之间,显示高度污染状态。在被调查地区,碳是沉积物质量的重要组成部分。同样,应密切监测Arakanga新计划(坝区)和Lafenwa(住宅区)的轻稀土金属,以避免因观测到的高值而对水生生物或人类生命产生不利影响。,关键词:轻稀土,沉积物,河流,浓度,污染
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引用次数: 0
Benthic macroinvertebrates in the biomonitoring of a Nigerian coastal water 尼日利亚沿海水域底栖大型无脊椎动物的生物监测
Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2021.3034
A. Nkwoji Joseph
Most coastal waters are exposed to high influx of pollutants due to the obvious elevated human activities. In order to adequately evaluate the extent of toxicity of contaminants in the ecosystem, and their synergistic effects, marine ecologists prefer biomonitoring to chemical approach. The benthic macroinvertebrates, due to their sedentary mode of life and residence at the sediment-water microcosm, are regarded as the most veritable tool for biomonitoring. This is because these organisms are impacted by the interstitial forces of the sediment-water interface in the marine ecosystem and also serve as the main channel for the interchange of biomass. This review focuses on the biomonitoring status and prospects of a coastal lagoon with reference to the benthic macroinvertebrates. The levels of biomonitoring activities which are suborganismal, organismal, population, community and ecosystem levels are critically analyzed. However, most of the molecular and biochemical assays, and biomarkers used in biomonitoring studies at the suborganismal and organismal levels of biological development are being outsourced. This poses great challenges to holistic biomonitoring programs in the vast Nigerian coastal ecosystem.   Key words: Biomonitoring, coastal waters, Lagos lagoon, bioindicators, benthic macroinvertebrates.
由于人类活动的明显增加,大多数沿海水域暴露于污染物的大量流入。为了充分评估生态系统中污染物的毒性程度及其协同效应,海洋生态学家更倾向于生物监测而不是化学方法。底栖大型无脊椎动物由于其在沉积物-水微观世界中的定居生活方式,被认为是最名副其实的生物监测工具。这是因为这些生物受到海洋生态系统中沉积物-水界面间隙力的影响,同时也是生物量交换的主要渠道。本文就某滨海泻湖底栖大型无脊椎动物的生物监测现状及展望进行了综述。亚有机体、有机体、种群、群落和生态系统水平的生物监测活动水平进行了批判性分析。然而,在生物发育的亚有机体和有机体水平的生物监测研究中使用的大多数分子和生化分析以及生物标志物正在外包。这对尼日利亚广大沿海生态系统的整体生物监测计划提出了巨大挑战。,关键词:生物监测,沿海水域,拉各斯泻湖,生物指标,底栖大型无脊椎动物
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引用次数: 0
A targeted resource, the giant freshwater prawns Macrobrachium species in the Mangrove Marine Park in D.R. Congo 刚果民主共和国红树林海洋公园的巨型淡水对虾是一种目标资源
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2022.3142
Kutshukina Francine Luhusu, Zebe Victorine Mbadu, Baudouin Michel, J. Micha
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引用次数: 0
Multifaceted analytical flood risk assessment in major tributaries-river benue basin-Taraba State, Nigeria 主要支流-贝努埃河流域-尼日利亚塔拉巴州的多方面分析洪水风险评估
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajest2022.3149
T. Adelalu, B. E. Bwadi
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引用次数: 0
期刊
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
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