Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.063
J. Mohammed Zubair Ahamed, R. Sinuvasan
We investigate the two-component BKP hierarchy equation for its Lie point symmetries. To obtain a complete classification of the group-invariant solution, we derive the one-dimensional optimal system of subalgebras of . By employing those subalgebras, we construct the invariant solutions which are represented through Weierstrass elliptic functions, Jacobi elliptic functions, and soliton solutions. Also, we analyse the existence of a bounded travelling-wave solution for the equation. Moreover, through the utilization of scale-invariant symmetry, we derive a self-similar solution. Additionally, by conducting singularity analysis, the solution can be expressed in the form of a right Painlevè series.
{"title":"Symmetries, travelling-wave and self-similar solutions of two-component BKP hierarchy","authors":"J. Mohammed Zubair Ahamed, R. Sinuvasan","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the two-component BKP hierarchy equation for its Lie point symmetries. To obtain a complete classification of the group-invariant solution, we derive the one-dimensional optimal system of subalgebras of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>D</mi><msub><mrow><mo>⨂</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>. By employing those subalgebras, we construct the invariant solutions which are represented through Weierstrass elliptic functions, Jacobi elliptic functions, and soliton solutions. Also, we analyse the existence of a bounded travelling-wave solution for the equation. Moreover, through the utilization of scale-invariant symmetry, we derive a self-similar solution. Additionally, by conducting singularity analysis, the solution can be expressed in the form of a right Painlevè series.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 601-609"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.038
Qingzhe Wu , Juling Zhang , Miao Li , Hassan Saberi-Nik , Jan Awrejcewicz
The dynamics of a four-dimensional fractional-order (FO) dynamical system from the viewpoint of spectral entropy (SE), C complexity, and algorithm 0–1 are presented in detail in this article. The efficiency of these algorithms in the existence of chaos for FO systems has been investigated as well as other methods such as Lyapunov exponents, Lyapunov dimension, and bifurcation diagrams. With Hamilton’s energy analysis for the 4D FO system, it is found that chaotic behavior is more dependent on energy consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to design a negative feedback control to reduce energy consumption and suppress chaotic behavior. Finally, we obtain the global Mittag-Leffler positive invariant sets (GMLPISs) and global Mittag-Leffler attractive sets (GMLASs) of the introduced system. Numerical results indicate the effectiveness of complexity and chaos detection methods as well as bound calculation.
{"title":"The characteristics study of a bounded fractional-order chaotic system: Complexity, and energy control","authors":"Qingzhe Wu , Juling Zhang , Miao Li , Hassan Saberi-Nik , Jan Awrejcewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamics of a four-dimensional fractional-order (FO) dynamical system from the viewpoint of spectral entropy (SE), C<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> complexity, and algorithm 0–1 are presented in detail in this article. The efficiency of these algorithms in the existence of chaos for FO systems has been investigated as well as other methods such as Lyapunov exponents, Lyapunov dimension, and bifurcation diagrams. With Hamilton’s energy analysis for the 4D FO system, it is found that chaotic behavior is more dependent on energy consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to design a negative feedback control to reduce energy consumption and suppress chaotic behavior. Finally, we obtain the global Mittag-Leffler positive invariant sets (GMLPISs) and global Mittag-Leffler attractive sets (GMLASs) of the introduced system. Numerical results indicate the effectiveness of complexity and chaos detection methods as well as bound calculation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 588-600"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The planar compact four port circularly polarized printed MIMO antenna described in this article is small and intended to support Wi-Fi and WiMAX applications. Suggested four E-shaped monopole elements make up the dual circularly polarized (CP) MIMO antenna that has two left hand CP (LHCP) elements and two right hand CP (RHCP) elements. An I shaped strip is used to join separate ground planes of designed E shaped monopole antenna to have same voltage levels. A good diversity performance is achieved with an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of less than 0.15. The 60 mm × 60 mm antenna is designed from FR4 material, which is inexpensive and has a 1.6 mm thickness. Using a high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS), the suggested MIMO antenna is designed and optimized. The measured findings demonstrate the circular polarization, 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth, impedance bandwidth of 2.11 GHz −2.42 GHz and 3.40 GHz-3.51 GHz, adequate axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of the suggested MIMO antenna along with high isolation of −17 dB, gain of 3.43 and 2.09 dBic at 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz respectively, TARC (Total active reflection coefficient) of less than 0 dB, a CCL (Channel capacity loss) of lesser than 0.4 bits/sec/Hz, and an MEG (Mean effective gain) value of less than 3 dB.
本文介绍的平面紧凑型四端口圆极化印刷 MIMO 天线体积小，旨在支持 Wi-Fi 和 WiMAX 应用。建议使用四个 E 形单极子元件组成双圆极化 (CP) MIMO 天线，其中包括两个左侧 CP (LHCP) 元件和两个右侧 CP (RHCP) 元件。设计 E 型单极子天线时，使用 I 型带连接不同的接地平面，以获得相同的电压电平。分集性能良好，包络相关系数（ECC）小于 0.15。60 毫米 × 60 毫米的天线是用 FR4 材料设计的，这种材料价格低廉，厚度为 1.6 毫米。利用高频结构模拟器（HFSS）设计并优化了建议的多输入多输出天线。测量结果表明，所建议的 MIMO 天线具有圆极化、3 dB 轴比波束宽度、2.11 GHz -2.42 GHz 和 3.40 GHz -3.51 GHz 阻抗带宽、足够的轴比带宽（ARBW）以及高隔离度（-17 dB）、增益（3.在 2.4 千兆赫和 3.5 千兆赫时，增益分别为 3.43 和 2.09 dBic，TARC（总有源反射系数）小于 0 dB，CCL（信道容量损耗）小于 0.4 比特/秒/赫兹，MEG（平均有效增益）值小于 3 dB。
{"title":"Dual band four port MIMO antenna with dual circular polarization for Wi-Fi/WiMAX applications","authors":"Poonam Thanki , Trushit Upadhyaya , Upesh Patel , Khaled Aliqab , Meshari Alsharari , Ayman A. Althuwayb , Ammar Armghan , Vishal Sorathiya","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The planar compact four port circularly polarized printed MIMO antenna described in this article is small and intended to support Wi-Fi and WiMAX applications. Suggested four E-shaped monopole elements make up the dual circularly polarized (CP) MIMO antenna that has two left hand CP (LHCP) elements and two right hand CP (RHCP) elements. An I shaped strip is used to join separate ground planes of designed E shaped monopole antenna to have same voltage levels. A good diversity performance is achieved with an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of less than 0.15. The 60 mm × 60 mm antenna is designed from FR4 material, which is inexpensive and has a 1.6 mm thickness. Using a high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS), the suggested MIMO antenna is designed and optimized. The measured findings demonstrate the circular polarization, 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth, impedance bandwidth of 2.11 GHz −2.42 GHz and 3.40 GHz-3.51 GHz, adequate axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of the suggested MIMO antenna along with high isolation of −17 dB, gain of 3.43 and 2.09 dBic at 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz respectively, TARC (Total active reflection coefficient) of less than 0 dB, a CCL (Channel capacity loss) of lesser than 0.4 bits/sec/Hz, and an MEG (Mean effective gain) value of less than 3 dB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"112 ","pages":"Pages 1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is an innovative and sustainable approach to deal with the expanding problem of water scarcity. Herein, the objective is to apply electrospun fiber through blended polymers of cellulose acetate (CA)/polystyrene (PS) with various ratios for collecting the water vapor from the atmosphere. A new prototype for AWH was implemented based on Peltier device. The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity measurement. In CA/PS blend with a ratio of 1:1, SEM image illustrated homogenous, fine and small fibers with an average diameter 100 nm. The presence of CA increases water uptake compared to pure PS. This blend offers a moderate performance in water harvesting, with some water beads potentially forming on the PS fibers and being absorbed by the adjacent CA fibers. In 1:2 blend had a predominance of smooth and small fibers with 100 nm diameter without beads. To enhance the effectiveness of atmospheric water collection, a thermoelectric device (Peltier) in a new well-designed sealed chamber was employed. The efficiency of blended fibers of ratio 1:2 for CA/PS accomplished a collected water of 61.9 mg/cm2.hr with a contact angle of 124.7°.
{"title":"A practical strategy of electrospun fibers of polystyrene/cellulose acetate blend for atmospheric water harvesting","authors":"Somoweldeen Abosedira , Moataz Soliman , Shaker Ebrahim , Eman Fadl , Marwa Khalil","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is an innovative and sustainable approach to deal with the expanding problem of water scarcity. Herein, the objective is to apply electrospun fiber through blended polymers of cellulose acetate (CA)/polystyrene (PS) with various ratios for collecting the water vapor from the atmosphere. A new prototype for AWH was implemented based on Peltier device. The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity measurement. In CA/PS blend with a ratio of 1:1, SEM image illustrated homogenous, fine and small fibers with an average diameter 100 nm. The presence of CA increases water uptake compared to pure PS. This blend offers a moderate performance in water harvesting, with some water beads potentially forming on the PS fibers and being absorbed by the adjacent CA fibers. In 1:2 blend had a predominance of smooth and small fibers with 100 nm diameter without beads. To enhance the effectiveness of atmospheric water collection, a thermoelectric device (Peltier) in a new well-designed sealed chamber was employed. The efficiency of blended fibers of ratio 1:2 for CA/PS accomplished a collected water of 61.9 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>.hr with a contact angle of 124.7°.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 579-587"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.092
Ting Lei, Jing Chen, Jixiang Chen
Gaze tracking technology in HMDs (Head-Mounted Displays) suffers from decreased accuracy due to highlight reflection noise from users' glasses. To address this, we present a denoising method which directly pinpoints the noisy regions through advanced segmentation models and then fills the flawed regions through advanced image inpainting algorithms. In segmentation stage, we introduce a novel model based on the recently proposed segmentation large model SAM (Segment Anything Model), called SF-SAM-Adapter (Spatial and Frequency aware SAM Adapter). It injects prior knowledge regarding the strip-like shaped in spatial and high-frequency in frequency of reflection noise into SAM by integrating specially designed trainable adapter modules into the original structure, while retaining the expressive power of the large model and better adapting to the downstream task. We achieved segmentation metrics of IoU (Intersection over Union) = 0.749 and Dice = 0.853 at a memory size of 13.9 MB, outperforming recent techniques, including UNet, UNet++, BATFormer, FANet, MSA, and SAM2-Adapter. In inpainting, we employ the advanced inpainting algorithm LAMA (Large Mask inpainting), resulting in significant improvements in gaze tracking accuracy by 0.502°, 0.182°, and 0.319° across three algorithms. The code and datasets used in current study are available in the repository: https://github.com/leiting5297/SF-SAM-Adapter.git.
HMD（头戴式显示器）中的凝视跟踪技术因用户眼镜的高亮反射噪声而降低了准确性。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种去噪方法，通过先进的分割模型直接定位噪声区域，然后通过先进的图像内绘算法填补有缺陷的区域。在分割阶段，我们引入了一种基于最近提出的大型分割模型 SAM（Segment Anything Model）的新型模型，称为 SF-SAM-Adapter（空间和频率感知 SAM 适配器）。它通过将专门设计的可训练适配器模块集成到原始结构中，为 SAM 注入了有关反射噪声的空间条状形状和频率高频的先验知识，同时保留了大型模型的表现力，并能更好地适应下游任务。在内存容量为 13.9 MB 的情况下，我们实现了 IoU（Intersection over Union）= 0.749 和 Dice = 0.853 的分割指标，优于包括 UNet、UNet++、BATFormer、FANet、MSA 和 SAM2-Adapter 在内的最新技术。在绘制方面，我们采用了先进的绘制算法 LAMA（大掩模绘制），三种算法的注视跟踪精度分别显著提高了 0.502°、0.182° 和 0.319°。当前研究中使用的代码和数据集可在以下资源库中获取：https://github.com/leiting5297/SF-SAM-Adapter.git。
{"title":"SF-SAM-Adapter: SAM-based segmentation model integrates prior knowledge for gaze image reflection noise removal","authors":"Ting Lei, Jing Chen, Jixiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gaze tracking technology in HMDs (Head-Mounted Displays) suffers from decreased accuracy due to highlight reflection noise from users' glasses. To address this, we present a denoising method which directly pinpoints the noisy regions through advanced segmentation models and then fills the flawed regions through advanced image inpainting algorithms. In segmentation stage, we introduce a novel model based on the recently proposed segmentation large model SAM (Segment Anything Model), called SF-SAM-Adapter (Spatial and Frequency aware SAM Adapter). It injects prior knowledge regarding the strip-like shaped in spatial and high-frequency in frequency of reflection noise into SAM by integrating specially designed trainable adapter modules into the original structure, while retaining the expressive power of the large model and better adapting to the downstream task. We achieved segmentation metrics of IoU (Intersection over Union) = 0.749 and Dice = 0.853 at a memory size of 13.9 MB, outperforming recent techniques, including UNet, UNet++, BATFormer, FANet, MSA, and SAM2-Adapter. In inpainting, we employ the advanced inpainting algorithm LAMA (Large Mask inpainting), resulting in significant improvements in gaze tracking accuracy by 0.502°, 0.182°, and 0.319° across three algorithms. The code and datasets used in current study are available in the repository: <span><span>https://github.com/leiting5297/SF-SAM-Adapter.git</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 521-529"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.086
Tapas Roy , Aya Soqi , Dilip K. Maiti , Rania Wannan , Jihad Asad
A simple pendulum of length and bob mass attached to point is considered and investigated. The point is oscillating vertically according to the relation , where and are amplitude and angular frequency of the external agent, respectively. The presence of time dependent oscillating term makes the governing equation is not solvable analytically. An attempt was to explore the application of optimal and modified homotopy perturbation method (OM-HPM) as a powerful semi-analytical tool for solving the oscillatory problem which exhibiting regular and irregular oscillation for some parameter set. Furthermore, the analytical expressions in series form, which is very close to the numerical solution of Runge-Kutta method is obtained. In addition, the analytical expression for the amplitude and the frequency of the oscillations for two cases: simple regular oscillation and the irregular oscillation is computed. Finally, the simplicity of the obtained solutions facilities a clear understanding, and the OM-HPM offer a robust and efficient analytical tool to obtain series based analytical solution for such kind of problems.
{"title":"Pendulum attached to a vibrating point: Semi-analytical solution by optimal and modified homotopy perturbation method","authors":"Tapas Roy , Aya Soqi , Dilip K. Maiti , Rania Wannan , Jihad Asad","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A simple pendulum of length <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and bob mass <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>m</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> attached to point <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>O</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> is considered and investigated. The point <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>O</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> is oscillating vertically according to the relation <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub><mi>cos</mi><mi>Ω</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>Ω</mi><mspace></mspace></mrow></math></span>are amplitude and angular frequency of the external agent, respectively. The presence of time dependent oscillating term makes the governing equation is not solvable analytically. An attempt was to explore the application of optimal and modified homotopy perturbation method (OM-HPM) as a powerful semi-analytical tool for solving the oscillatory problem which exhibiting regular and irregular oscillation for some parameter set. Furthermore, the analytical expressions in series form, which is very close to the numerical solution of Runge-Kutta method is obtained. In addition, the analytical expression for the amplitude and the frequency of the oscillations for two cases: simple regular oscillation and the irregular oscillation is computed. Finally, the simplicity of the obtained solutions facilities a clear understanding, and the OM-HPM offer a robust and efficient analytical tool to obtain series based analytical solution for such kind of problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 396-403"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.069
Chao Qin , Jun Xia , Yong Wen, Jun Wang, Chen Zhong
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition marked by a steady loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain's substantia nigra. Prompt identification and tracking of PD progression are essential for prompt intervention and efficient PD care. In this study, we developed an immunofluorescence detection approach for α-synuclein (α-syn), a critical biomarker associated with PD, that is both extremely sensitive and specific. Using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-functionalized magnetic beads (MBs) and an Ag+ fluorescence probe (Ag+-FP) based on Rhodamine 6 G, the suggested method makes use of an immunofluorescence detection system. The system's workings are based on antigen-antibody complexes. Identified as Ab1-MBs@α-syn@Ab2-Ag NPs, the immuno-complexes encapsulate α-synuclein between anti-α-synuclein antibodies (Ab1) fixed on amino-MBs and Ag Nanoparticles functionalized with matching Ab2. α-synuclein detection was accomplished at a limit of less than 8 pg/mL through optimization of pH, reaction duration, and antibody concentration. The method showed very little cross-reactivity with other widely used biomarkers and a high specificity. The system showed a linear range of 524.8 ng/mL to 0.2 ng/mL. The results, which showed recovery values ranging from 97.00 % to 99.57 % and were consistent with those obtained using a commercial ELISA kit, indicated the system's potential for clinical applications in the diagnosis and monitoring of PD.
{"title":"A new immunofluorescence determination of Parkinson's disease biomarkers using silver nanoparticles","authors":"Chao Qin , Jun Xia , Yong Wen, Jun Wang, Chen Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition marked by a steady loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain's substantia nigra. Prompt identification and tracking of PD progression are essential for prompt intervention and efficient PD care. In this study, we developed an immunofluorescence detection approach for α-synuclein (α-syn), a critical biomarker associated with PD, that is both extremely sensitive and specific. Using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-functionalized magnetic beads (MBs) and an Ag<sup>+</sup> fluorescence probe (Ag<sup>+</sup>-FP) based on Rhodamine 6 G, the suggested method makes use of an immunofluorescence detection system. The system's workings are based on antigen-antibody complexes. Identified as Ab1-MBs@α-syn@Ab2-Ag NPs, the immuno-complexes encapsulate α-synuclein between anti-α-synuclein antibodies (Ab1) fixed on amino-MBs and Ag Nanoparticles functionalized with matching Ab2. α-synuclein detection was accomplished at a limit of less than 8 pg/mL through optimization of pH, reaction duration, and antibody concentration. The method showed very little cross-reactivity with other widely used biomarkers and a high specificity. The system showed a linear range of 524.8 ng/mL to 0.2 ng/mL. The results, which showed recovery values ranging from 97.00 % to 99.57 % and were consistent with those obtained using a commercial ELISA kit, indicated the system's potential for clinical applications in the diagnosis and monitoring of PD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 404-414"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.080
Qingqing Qiu , Jinjin Han , Aqib Mashood Khan , Rui Ma , Bin He , Linglei Kong , Qilin Li , Kai Ding , Wasim Ahmad , Weining Lei
Zirconia (ZrO2) ceramic has excellent mechanical properties and superior chemical stability, making it widely used in aerospace, microelectronics, biomedicine, and mechanical manufacturing. However, due to its difficult-to-machine characteristics, traditional machining methods struggle with fabricating large-aspect-ratio (LAR) microchannels in zirconia ceramics. This study compares direct laser machining (DLM) and waterjet-assisted laser micromachining (WJALM) in preparing LAR zirconia microchannels, focusing on surface morphology, heat-affected zones, microhardness, chemical and phase composition. Subsequently, parameter experiments of WJALM were carried out to achieve superior machined quality LAR zirconia microchannels by assessing the geometric profile and ablation-area-ratio. Experimental results indicated that WJALM significantly surpasses DLM, achieving a 46 % decrease in areal surface roughness (Sa), WJALM reduced the heat-affected zone depth by approximately 37 % compared to DLM. The WJALM process also enhanced the ablation-area-ratio by 61 %, achieving superior machining quality under optimized conditions of 27 W laser power, 100 mm/s scanning speed, and 8 m/s waterjet velocity.
氧化锆（ZrO2）陶瓷具有优异的机械性能和超强的化学稳定性，因此被广泛应用于航空航天、微电子、生物医学和机械制造领域。然而，由于其难以加工的特性，传统的加工方法很难在氧化锆陶瓷中加工出大宽比（LAR）的微通道。本研究比较了直接激光加工（DLM）和水射流辅助激光微加工（WJALM）在制备 LAR 氧化锆微通道中的应用，重点关注表面形貌、热影响区、微硬度、化学成分和相组成。随后，进行了 WJALM 的参数实验，通过评估几何轮廓和烧蚀面积比来获得优质的加工 LAR 氧化锆微通道。实验结果表明，WJALM 明显优于 DLM，表面粗糙度（Sa）降低了 46%，与 DLM 相比，WJALM 将热影响区深度减少了约 37%。WJALM 工艺还将烧蚀面积比提高了 61%，在 27 W 激光功率、100 mm/s 扫描速度和 8 m/s 水刀速度的优化条件下实现了卓越的加工质量。
{"title":"Experimental investigation on large-aspect-ratio zirconia ceramic microchannels by waterjet-assisted laser processing","authors":"Qingqing Qiu , Jinjin Han , Aqib Mashood Khan , Rui Ma , Bin He , Linglei Kong , Qilin Li , Kai Ding , Wasim Ahmad , Weining Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zirconia (ZrO<sub>2</sub>) ceramic has excellent mechanical properties and superior chemical stability, making it widely used in aerospace, microelectronics, biomedicine, and mechanical manufacturing. However, due to its difficult-to-machine characteristics, traditional machining methods struggle with fabricating large-aspect-ratio (LAR) microchannels in zirconia ceramics. This study compares direct laser machining (DLM) and waterjet-assisted laser micromachining (WJALM) in preparing LAR zirconia microchannels, focusing on surface morphology, heat-affected zones, microhardness, chemical and phase composition. Subsequently, parameter experiments of WJALM were carried out to achieve superior machined quality LAR zirconia microchannels by assessing the geometric profile and ablation-area-ratio. Experimental results indicated that WJALM significantly surpasses DLM, achieving a 46 % decrease in areal surface roughness (Sa), WJALM reduced the heat-affected zone depth by approximately 37 % compared to DLM. The WJALM process also enhanced the ablation-area-ratio by 61 %, achieving superior machining quality under optimized conditions of 27 W laser power, 100 mm/s scanning speed, and 8 m/s waterjet velocity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 456-467"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The high prevalence of fraud in contemporary financial transactions necessitates advanced anomaly detection systems to address the significant imbalance between legitimate and anomalous transactions in real-time datasets. To address this issue, our study introduces a novel approach, the regularized generative adversarial network (R-GAN). Diverging from conventional resampling techniques and typical generative adversarial network (GAN) architectures, R-GAN incorporates spectral normalization for the STGAN (short for spectral normalization for GAN) generator framework, which enhances it with a similarity measure loss to improve the authenticity of the generated data. The discriminator is meticulously designed, leveraging the CELU (short for continuously differentiable exponential linear unit) activation for optimal feature extraction, ensuring diverse and representative sample generation. To ensure fairness and validate the effectiveness of our data generation process, we used PyCaret's automated machine learning framework to rigorously test different machine learning models, ultimately identifying the light gradient boosting machine as the most effective. To add transparency to our system, we applied Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), providing clear insights into the decisions made by our explainable artificial intelligence-driven model. This approach ensures high-fidelity anomaly detection in real-time environments and continuously refines through SHAP insights, significantly addressing imbalanced datasets across various applications.
{"title":"Advanced R-GAN: Generating anomaly data for improved detection in imbalanced datasets using regularized generative adversarial networks","authors":"Junhak Lee , Dayeon Jung , Jihoon Moon , Seungmin Rho","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high prevalence of fraud in contemporary financial transactions necessitates advanced anomaly detection systems to address the significant imbalance between legitimate and anomalous transactions in real-time datasets. To address this issue, our study introduces a novel approach, the regularized generative adversarial network (R-GAN). Diverging from conventional resampling techniques and typical generative adversarial network (GAN) architectures, R-GAN incorporates spectral normalization for the STGAN (short for spectral normalization for GAN) generator framework, which enhances it with a similarity measure loss to improve the authenticity of the generated data. The discriminator is meticulously designed, leveraging the CELU (short for continuously differentiable exponential linear unit) activation for optimal feature extraction, ensuring diverse and representative sample generation. To ensure fairness and validate the effectiveness of our data generation process, we used PyCaret's automated machine learning framework to rigorously test different machine learning models, ultimately identifying the light gradient boosting machine as the most effective. To add transparency to our system, we applied Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), providing clear insights into the decisions made by our explainable artificial intelligence-driven model. This approach ensures high-fidelity anomaly detection in real-time environments and continuously refines through SHAP insights, significantly addressing imbalanced datasets across various applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 491-510"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.031
Yuan Shao , Zaihong He
The application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and its ongoing evolution have drawn a lot of interest to the field of intelligent sports referee system research. In this article, we present a novel VAR-YOLOv8 model that significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of error detection in football matches by combining MPDIoU, a residual local feature network (RLFN), and a video assistant referee system “VARS” module. Experimental results show how well the model can handle dense gates and rapidly changing parameters. It also does a good job of recognizing and classifying different types of faults in difficult situations. The concept uses Internet of Things (IoT) technology to enable real-time data collection and processing, providing strong technical support for smart sports refereeing systems, significant practical application value and many advancement opportunities. Through testing utilizing the SoccerNet dataset, the VAR-YOLOv8s demonstrate accomplished an normal [email protected] of 80.5 and [email protected] of 31.0 amid the testing handle. To move forward the insights and productivity of shrewd arbitrage frameworks, future investigate will center on optimizing show execution and exploring unused information enlargement and combination procedures.
{"title":"VAR-YOLOv8s: IoT-based automatic foul detection in soccer matches","authors":"Yuan Shao , Zaihong He","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2024.10.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and its ongoing evolution have drawn a lot of interest to the field of intelligent sports referee system research. In this article, we present a novel VAR-YOLOv8 model that significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of error detection in football matches by combining MPDIoU, a residual local feature network (RLFN), and a video assistant referee system “VARS” module. Experimental results show how well the model can handle dense gates and rapidly changing parameters. It also does a good job of recognizing and classifying different types of faults in difficult situations. The concept uses Internet of Things (IoT) technology to enable real-time data collection and processing, providing strong technical support for smart sports refereeing systems, significant practical application value and many advancement opportunities. Through testing utilizing the SoccerNet dataset, the VAR-YOLOv8s demonstrate accomplished an normal [email protected] of 80.5 and [email protected] of 31.0 amid the testing handle. To move forward the insights and productivity of shrewd arbitrage frameworks, future investigate will center on optimizing show execution and exploring unused information enlargement and combination procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 555-565"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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