Sovetskoe zdravookhranenie最新文献

The health of industrial workers should be considered from the point of view of broad social positions and primarily from the working and living conditions and the state of health services. Environmental factors should also be taken into consideration. Periodic medical check-ups of industrial workers indicate that their health is improving. Despite the success achieved, this problem in Kazakhstan is not being adequately solved, there are only 61 health units. Hospital beds in these institutions do not have necessary specialization corresponding to the profile of industrial enterprises. Numerous industrial enterprises, oil-and-gas extracting works pollute the environment, which has been confirmed by respective examples. The authors provide evidence for the necessity of economic education for the population. Preliminary results of experimental introduction of a new economic mechanism and medical insurance in Kazakhstan are being considered as factors contributing to the improvement of public health financing resources.

The experimental approbation of new conditions of economic activities revealed a discrepancy between the development of health service network and manpower potential and needs of population in medical care, the possibility of priority development of primary health care, promotion in the development of "semi-hospital" forms of medical care organization, the excessive level of hospital care, the interest among workers in increasing the volume of work and increase of effectiveness in the utilization of resources under normalization of economic relations in public health.

The study data are provided on the volume of curative and preventive care for 1740 infants at the outpatient department and at home, an analysis is made of the working time spent by a district pediatrician in two polyclinics of Nizhniy Novgorod. It has been shown that most of his time is devoted to sick children. Practically no time is spent on follow-up group of children pertaining to the populations "at risk". To improve preventive work among children of the first three years of life it is proposed to establish departments for young children in the territorial children's polyclinics. The organization of these departments makes it possible to improve the main qualitative indicators of child health.

The activity of a new category of general practitioners and their role in the delivery of medical care for the population are analysed. The functional structure of the computer system for information supply of family doctor is considered. The flow chart of a unified primary information document of the given automated system is presented.

A methodology of estimating the professional level of physicians with the help of tariff scale is described. The tariff coefficients are determined by the correlation between the official salaries of physicians, having a qualification category, and a background monthly salary taken as a unity. The mean tariff coefficient of physicians can serve for public health bodies and insurance organizations as an assessment indicator of professional possibilities of an institution, complexity of the work performed, the cost and quality of medical services. For the leading staff of the institution the methodology is supplemented by the estimates of a number of intermediate indicators and their integral assessment which helps analyse the basic factors influencing the general level of physicians qualification.

As the result of socio-hygienic survey it was found that currently the total number of Leningrad smokers constituted around 40 percent. Smoking men accounted to 54.5 percent, smoking women--24.9 percent. The largest number of active smokers by age groups was found among persons of 21 to 30 years old (49.6%), the smallest--among retired persons (20.7%). The number of Leningrad people who have some use of alcohol constitute 68.9 percent. 78.5 percent of men drink or consume alcohol irregularly, among women--59.4 percent. The largest number of drinkers (up to 75%) by age groups was found among those who are heavy smokers (20-40 years old).