SSM. Mental health最新文献

This article presents the findings of a groundbreaking focus group cohort method of studying the residual impacts of traumatic stress and violence as reported by survivors and perpetrators of the Khmer Rouge genocide in Cambodia (1975–79). Both cohorts, separately participated in fifteen intensive focus groups lasting between one and five days across nine Cambodian provinces during 2012–13. This research focuses on the experiences of stress and violence by survivors and perpetrators during the genocide and since. The results of this study show that all 61 survivors and 58 perpetrators experienced multiple traumatic violent events during the genocide, and all lived in daily fear of being killed by the leaders of the Khmer Rouge. The results also show similar evidence of continued stress in both cohorts today, and parallel preoccupations with thoughts or memories of trauma and violence under the Khmer Rouge.

Background

In Vietnam, domestic violence (DV) is recognized as an intentional act of causing physical, mental, sexual, or economic harm among family members. Despite legislative efforts, DV remains prevalent, significantly impacting women's mental and physical health. Traditional beliefs and cultural norms further entrench DV, particularly among women and children, necessitating an understanding of perceptions and attitudes toward DV.

Methods

This exploratory cross-sectional study surveyed 81 Vietnamese university students to assess their perceptions, attitudes, and personal experiences of DV. Survey data was collected online and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results

The study found high awareness of DV, with most participants recognizing physical and psychological violence, while less awareness was noted for economic abuse. A majority perceived DV as fairly common (57%) and highly common (37%). Most participants attributed DV to alcoholism (93%), drug addiction (93%), and poverty or social exclusion (90%). Roughly half of the participants had friends or family victims who were victims (53%) or perpetrators (46%) of DV. Despite general knowledge of DV laws, many were unaware of specific legal and social support mechanisms. Notably, while most participants found DV unacceptable and should always be punishable by law (64%), actual reporting and intervention rates were low, with significant gaps in support awareness.

Conclusions

The findings highlight a substantial awareness of DV among Vietnamese university students but also reveal critical gaps in understanding and addressing economic abuse and available support systems. There is a need for enhanced education and accessibility of resources to effectively combat DV and support survivors, especially for young adults who would soon explore marriage and family lives.

Belief in a continuum of symptoms from mental health to mental illness (MI) has an impact on the social acceptance of people with MI. However, little is known about whether people's conception of MI itself and in particular how broad that conception is, has an impact on the social acceptance of individuals with MI or affects continuum beliefs. To address this research gap, it is necessary to capture and monitor public understanding of MI. Using 17 different statements that describe behaviors on a spectrum from mentally healthy to ambiguous to indicative of MI, we examine how the German public conceptualizes MI. Specifically, we develop a measure to capture the breadth of an individual's conception of MI. We find that a broader concept of MI is associated with greater social acceptability. In addition, we show that continuum beliefs and the breadth of the concept of MI interact – continuum beliefs are especially important for stigma reduction when individuals have a narrow concept of MI. For future research, this finding implies that with regard to social acceptance of people with MI, individuals with a narrow concept benefit from continuum interventions in particular.

This study investigates the co-creation process between course facilitators and students while the course takes place at recovery colleges (RCs), emphasising the synergistic partnership where individuals with lived experience of mental health issues collaborate with professionals in course delivery. This paper focuses on understanding the dynamics of these interactions from the students’ perspectives and the dynamic shifts between the private realm and the public space. We conducted a qualitative study inspired by critical ethnography, collecting data from participatory observations in RCs at two locations and focus group interviews with students. Goffman’s dramaturgical approach guided us in examining social interactions in RC as theatrical performances with students playing specific roles, managing impressions, and navigating the front and backstage of their lives. During the analysis, we separated the data into front- and backstage contexts where we identified moments where students were actively performing a social role and moments revealing more authentic sides of themselves. We demonstrate that a RC is a stage where students can test their performance and adapt to their audience’s reactions. Uncertainty about their roles, social scripts, and the audience’s reactions lead them to switch between front- and backstage appearances, either performing a role or revealing their authentic sides. While exploring appearances, students develop social scripts aligning with their roles as performers and audience, eventually promoting security by mutual understanding of appropriate appearances. Emotional support, collaborative relationships, and group dynamics were critical factors in fostering an environment conducive to authentic participation. Challenges persist, such as vulnerability, recognizing the value of personal contributions, and establishing personal boundaries. Safety within the college environment was paramount for genuine engagement in co-creation, leading to personal and collective benefits for mental health services. The study suggests an in-depth investigation into the structural and power dynamics that shape such interactive processes within RCs.

Background

Suicides, overdoses, and drug-related liver diseases (deaths of despair) are greatly elevated in the mining and extraction industries compared to other industries. To better understand the drivers of these deaths, we examined suicide or overdose mortality in relation to age at worker exit among a retrospective cohort of 11,009 male mine workers from the Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study II.

Methods

We calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (1947–2015) and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for suicide or overdose death in relation to age at worker exit (leaving work). The mining industry curtailed its workforce in the early 1980s due to economic downturn; therefore, separate models were fit for worker exit pre- and post-1980.

Results

Suicide deaths peaked between 1980 and 1989 at 67.2 per 100,000, more than double the rate in the general population. The hazard rate for suicide or overdose was 2.56 times higher for inactive versus actively employed workers (95% CI: 1.88, 3.50). Based on 187 suicides or overdoses, associations between younger age at worker exit and suicide or overdose death were null or protective before 1980. However post-1980, those who exited between ages 30–39 years had an elevated risk of death HR = 1.33, 95% CI (0.70, 2.53) and those who exited before age 30 had a HR for suicide or overdose of 1.57 (0.83, 2.96) compared to those who exited work after age 55.

Conclusion

Worker exit may contribute to the elevated mortality from suicide or overdose among male mine workers, particularly among younger age groups.

Anecdotal evidence, commentary in the media, and research conducted by intergovernmental organizations in Vietnam indicate that sexism is commonly experienced by women in the Vietnamese workplace. However, few systematic studies to date have been conducted on the prevalence and types of sexism that Vietnamese women experience. This cross-sectional exploratory study seeks to inquire into women's experiences of sexism in the STEM field and its potential associations with mental health outcomes through the lens of ambivalent sexism theory, which categorizes sexism as benevolent and hostile. Vietnamese women employed in STEM (N = 148) completed online questionnaires assessing experiences of ambivalent sexism, perceived stress and perceived sexism, stress symptoms, depression, and anxiety. The results indicate that benevolent sexism is more common than hostile sexism and that younger women are more frequently targeted. Correlation and regression analyses indicate that benevolent and hostile sexism are positively correlated with women's mental health problems. The findings highlight that despite the gains made in workplace gender equality in Vietnam, sexism continues to pose a problem for women's career development in STEM as well as potential health and safety issues. The study concludes with measures that organizations can undertake to tackle the problem and recommendations for future research in Vietnam to build on this exploratory inquiry.

In social media use research on mental health, a comprehensive summary of the association between social media use and “positive” well-being in all its nuances, including different well-being indicators considered separately, is lacking. To fill the gap, we carried out a meta-analytic review of the literature by including 78 studies published between 2009 and September 2022. In our meta-analyses, we explored the association between social media use (time spent on using social media, active and passive use, communication, problematic use, social comparison, and other positive and negative experiences) and well-being (conceptualized as hedonic, eudaimonic, social, and other positive indices). Hedonic well-being, i.e., experiencing positive emotions and life satisfaction, was associated with social media communication (r=0.11) and positive online experiences (r=0.21) and negatively with problematic social media use (r=−0.13) and social comparison on social media (r=−0.30). Eudaimonic well-being, i.e., a sense of purpose and meaning, was only negatively related to problematic social media use (r=−0.26). Social well-being was positively related to social media time (r=0.07) and social media communication (r=0.18). Also, overall measures of positive well-being were associated with active social media use (r=0.08), communication through social media (r=0.12), number of friends (r=0.14), social media intensity (r=0.21), and other positive experiences (r=0.19). Conversely, social media comparison (r=−0.30) and problematic social media use (r=−0.13) showed negative correlations with positive well-being. The analyses add to our understanding of how social media may contribute to ill-being and well-being by disentangling positive from negative effects, and pave the way for interventions aiming at using social media to improve well-being.

Introduction

Investigations of migration effects on mental health conditions, including depression are sparse in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), yet mental health may play a role in a decision to migrate, and migration in turn can impact on mental health outcomes.

Methods

This paper uses two waves of data from the Migrant Health Follow-Up Study, a young adult cohort of 2967 internal migrants and residents of the Agincourt study site in rural northeast South Africa to explore the relationship between internal migration and depressive symptoms, as measured on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. We employ logistic regression analysis to investigate selectivity of migrants in relation to depressive symptoms, and we fit generalized linear models to analyse depressive symptoms (CES-D scores) as a function of migration status and sociodemographic and health characteristics, accounting for temporal sequence.

Results

Although we observe systematically low reporting of depressive symptoms, average CES-D scores are lower among migrants (comprising approximately 53% of the cohort) compared to Agincourt residents at both survey timepoints. We do not find evidence of a selection effect in relation to mental health among those newly migrating between Wave 2 and 3 (n = 1393). In analyses of the CES-D score outcome, the significant influence of migration status on depressive symptoms is reduced with the inclusion of controls in the models. Consistent employment and higher levels of education are associated with lower CES-D scores, while diagnosis of a chronic condition is associated with higher scores.

Conclusion

The relationship between migration and depressive symptoms is influenced by factors preceding a migration and destination-place characteristics and experiences. Further examination of the role of migration at different stages of the process, along with continuing attention to psychosocial measurement considerations for LMIC subpopulations, can improve our understanding of these complex interrelationships and contribute to evidence.

More than one-in-eight young adults in the US between the ages of 16–24 were not in employment, education, or training (NEET) in 2020 – a level not seen since the Great Recession. This study examines the long-term association between NEET status in emerging adulthood and later depressive symptoms using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1995–2018). Growth curve models chart the association between NEET status and depressive symptoms over time in the US. The analytic sample includes 9349 individuals and 28,047 person-wave observations for respondents between ages 18 to 43. In a fully specified model, respondents who reported NEET status in emerging adulthood (ages 18–26), exhibited greater depressive symptoms across emerging adulthood through early midlife (ages 33–43) (b = 0.44, 95% CI 0.33, 0.54) compared to those participating in employment, education, or training. Associations persisted even after accounting for early life disadvantage and using propensity score matching to further diminish possible sources of bias. Results indicate that disconnection from school and work during emerging adulthood may constitute a risk factor for depressive symptoms through early midlife.

This paper examines how the mental health and participation in work-related and social activities of women in Afghanistan has been impacted by the socio-political changes that have been enforced since August 2021. The study hypothesizes that women across Afghanistan from diverse sectors, both formal and informal, are negatively affected by the imposed restrictions, and that it impacts their participation in the workforce, their mental health, and their overall living conditions. The analysis within this paper is based on 124 Key Informative Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), which included 33 men and 154 women across six geographic regions of Afghanistan. The findings suggest that within formal and informal job sectors, women have felt a significant disconnect from the market and the community in which they were once thriving, and as a result have experienced worsened living conditions and diminished social status. The paper discusses the significance of women’s participation in the workforce and the positive and meaningful impact women can bring to their communities; highlighting women’s frustration and documenting firsthand accounts of women’s experiences in this new socio-political landscape. It also highlights the new initiatives women are undertaking to continue their work and engage in social activities.