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Father involvement is a protective factor for maternal mental health in Western Kenya 父亲参与是肯尼亚西部产妇心理健康的保护因素
Pub Date : 2024-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100318
Juliet K. McCann , Silvana Freire , Clariana Vitória Ramos de Oliveira , Michael Ochieng , Joshua Jeong

Depression is a major global health concern especially among mothers of young children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While various risk and protective factors have been well-established, the role of fathers in potentially mitigating maternal depression remains understudied. This study aimed to investigate the association between father involvement and maternal depressive symptoms in rural Western Kenya. We used cross-sectional baseline data collected in February–March 2023 from a cluster-randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a community-based parenting program for improving early childhood development. Primary caregivers with children 0–18 months of age were enrolled into the trial across 51 villages in Nyamira and Vihiga counties. We analyzed data from 413 mothers who were in a relationship with a male partner (i.e., father of the young child). Maternal depressive symptoms were measured using the CESD-10. Father involvement was reported using a multidimensional measure of men's engagement in childcare activities, household chores, early learning activities, and affection towards their child. We used multilevel regression models to estimate the adjusted associations between father involvement (overall score and by specific domains) and maternal depressive symptoms. We also conducted exploratory subgroup analyses to assess whether this association differed by child age. Overall, greater father involvement was associated with fewer maternal depressive symptoms. Specifically, fathers' engagement in household chores and childcare activities had the strongest protective associations. Exploratory subgroup analyses revealed larger associations for mothers with younger children under 6 months. Our findings suggest that father involvement is a protective factor for maternal mental health. Engaging fathers in early childhood interventions and encouraging men's involvement in caregiving activities may potentially benefit maternal well-being.

抑郁症是全球关注的一大健康问题,尤其是在中低收入国家(LMICs)的幼儿母亲中。虽然各种风险和保护因素已得到充分证实,但父亲在减轻母亲抑郁方面的潜在作用仍未得到充分研究。本研究旨在调查肯尼亚西部农村地区父亲参与与母亲抑郁症状之间的关系。我们使用了 2023 年 2 月至 3 月收集的横断面基线数据,这些数据来自于一项群组随机对照试验,该试验评估了基于社区的育儿计划对改善儿童早期发展的有效性。尼亚米拉县和维希加县的 51 个村庄有 0-18 个月大儿童的主要照顾者参加了试验。我们分析了来自 413 位母亲的数据,这些母亲与男性伴侣(即幼儿的父亲)有关系。我们使用 CESD-10 测量了母亲的抑郁症状。父亲的参与度是通过多维度测量男性参与育儿活动、家务劳动、早期学习活动以及对孩子的爱来报告的。我们使用多层次回归模型来估计父亲参与(总分和特定领域)与母亲抑郁症状之间的调整关联。我们还进行了探索性亚组分析,以评估这种关联是否因儿童年龄而异。总体而言,父亲参与程度越高,母亲抑郁症状越少。具体来说,父亲参与家务劳动和育儿活动具有最强的保护作用。探索性亚组分析显示,孩子年龄小于 6 个月的母亲的相关性更大。我们的研究结果表明,父亲的参与对母亲的心理健康具有保护作用。让父亲参与儿童早期干预并鼓励男性参与照料活动可能会对母亲的健康有益。
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引用次数: 0
Suicide prevention-related Google searches and subsequent emergency department visits in California and Arizona, 2007–2015 2007-2015 年加利福尼亚州和亚利桑那州与预防自杀相关的谷歌搜索和随后的急诊就诊情况
Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100316
Hilary L. Colbeth , Sidra Goldman-Mellor , Ellen A. Eisen , Krista Neumann , Ralph Catalano , Corinne A. Riddell

Introduction

United States emergency departments (ED) visit rates for nonfatal self-harm increased by 42% from 2001 to 2016. Previous suicide mortality research has provided conflicting evidence on the use of suicide-related Internet searches as a surveillance tool for self-harm and suicidal ideation. However, few have used rigorous approaches to account for autocorrelation at the aggregate level, and none have focused on Internet searches related to suicide prevention.

Methods and results

Over a 9-year study period (2007–2015), suicidality-related search data were extracted using the Google Health Application Programming Interface (API) for Arizona and California – states, chosen for their differing age distributions and rigorous ED injury coding policies. We examined several combined suicide prevention-related search queries. Using autoregressive integration moving average (ARIMA) models and a Box-Jenkins approach, we assessed whether increased prevention-related Internet searches related to suicidality are predictive of lower subsequent ED visits related to suicidal ideation with or without self-harm injury. In both states, greater prevention-related queries were associated with lower ED visits approximately four to six weeks later.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that Internet-based search volumes related to suicide prevention may have the potential to monitor suicidality and online suicide prevention resources offer meaningful opportunities for mental health support.

导言:从 2001 年到 2016 年,美国急诊科(ED)的非致命性自残就诊率增加了 42%。以往的自杀死亡率研究提供了相互矛盾的证据,说明如何使用与自杀相关的互联网搜索作为自残和自杀意念的监测工具。方法与结果在9年的研究期间(2007-2015年),我们使用谷歌健康应用编程接口(API)提取了亚利桑那州和加利福尼亚州的自杀相关搜索数据,这两个州因其不同的年龄分布和严格的急诊室伤害编码政策而被选中。我们研究了几个与预防自杀相关的综合搜索查询。我们使用自回归整合移动平均(ARIMA)模型和箱-詹金斯(Box-Jenkins)方法,评估了与自杀相关的预防性互联网搜索的增加是否能预测与自杀意念相关的后续 ED 就诊率的降低,无论是否存在自残伤害。结论我们的研究结果表明,与预防自杀相关的互联网搜索量可能具有监测自杀倾向的潜力,在线自杀预防资源为心理健康支持提供了有意义的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Envisioning a safety paradigm in inpatient mental health settings: Moving beyond zero-risk approaches 展望精神疾病住院患者的安全模式:超越零风险方法
Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100315
Allie Slemon , Shivinder Dhari

A zero-risk paradigm currently dominates the organization and delivery of mental health care within inpatient settings, giving rise to a proliferation of risk management strategies that are ineffective and produce harms. Drawing on Foucault's confinement and grounded in a comprehensive analysis of the extant literature, we identify three central processes that constitute this paradigm, including: risk is situated within the patient; eliminating risk is a foundational aim; and mental health professionals lead decision-making. Responding to the zero-risk paradigm, this paper proposes a novel safety paradigm comprised of four intersecting components, undertaken collectively by mental health professionals to guide practice: i) holding risk, ii) building capacity, iii) prioritizing relationships, and iv) re-envisioning environments. Foundationally underlying these commitments is direct action toward reducing coercive practices and structures, such as chemical and physical restraints, seclusion, and door locking. Mental health professionals are encouraged to challenge the zero-risk paradigm and its resultant risk management approaches, and embrace a safety paradigm to meaningfully re-orient care toward enhancing patients' safety and well-being during and following hospitalization.

目前,在住院环境中,零风险范式主导着心理健康护理的组织和提供,导致无效且产生危害的风险管理策略层出不穷。借鉴福柯的 "禁锢 "理论,并以对现有文献的全面分析为基础,我们确定了构成这一范式的三个核心过程,包括:风险被置于患者内部;消除风险是基本目标;心理健康专业人员主导决策。针对零风险范式,本文提出了一种新的安全范式,该范式由四个相互交叉的部分组成,由心理健康专业人员共同承担,以指导实践:i) 把握风险;ii) 能力建设;iii) 优先考虑人际关系;iv) 重新规划环境。这些承诺的基础是直接采取行动,减少强制性的做法和结构,如化学和物理限制、隔离和门锁。我们鼓励心理健康专业人员挑战零风险范式及其所带来的风险管理方法,并接受安全范式,以有意义地重新调整护理方向,提高病人在住院期间和住院后的安全和福祉。
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引用次数: 0
Experience-based co-design of mental health services and interventions: A scoping review 以经验为基础共同设计心理健康服务和干预措施:范围界定审查
Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100309
Lisa D. Hawke , Natasha Yasmin Sheikhan , Hamer Bastidas-Bilbao , Terri Rodak

Introduction

Experience-based co-design (EBCD) is a structured methodology of conducting healthcare quality improvement bringing together people with lived experience of a condition, families or carers, and healthcare service providers. EBCD has been applied to mental health and substance use (MHSU) settings. This scoping review aimed to: (a) synthesize the literature on the application of EBCD in the MHSU service sector; and (b) map out key adaptations made to the EBCD process, as well as the perceived impacts of the process and considerations unique to the MHSU sphere.

Methods

A scoping review methodology was applied. Systematic searches for articles describing EBCD projects in MHSU were conducted across six bibliographic databases for literature published between 2013 and 2023, together with gray literature searches and reviews of reference lists. Records were screened for relevance, resulting in 24 included articles. Data were extracted in a spreadsheet and using qualitative data analysis software. Results are reported descriptively and in table format.

Results

EBCD is being conducted in the MHSU sector in a limited number of high-income, English-speaking countries, applied to both quality improvement and new intervention development. Extensive methodology adaptations are described, with some steps frequently removed from the process or modified. A number of positive impacts of EBCD are described, highlighting the development of service adaptations or new services, as well as positive interpersonal impacts among stakeholders.

Conclusions

EBCD is a valuable approach to collaboratively co-designing quality improvement initiatives with users of MHSU services, families or carers, and service providers, although it is also applied to new intervention development. Those implementing EBCD should carefully consider the way planned adaptations may affect the information gathered, the implementation experience, and the co-designed solutions. It is important to apply trauma-informed practices to EBCD and follow recommendations for authentic engagement, to promote genuine participation in co-designing solutions.

导言基于体验的共同设计(EBCD)是一种结构化的医疗质量改进方法,它将具有某种疾病生活体验的人、家属或护理人员以及医疗服务提供者聚集在一起。EBCD 已被应用于心理健康和药物使用(MHSU)环境中。本范围综述旨在(a) 综合有关 EBCD 在 MHSU 服务领域应用的文献;(b) 规划对 EBCD 流程的主要调整,以及该流程的预期影响和 MHSU 领域的独特考虑因素。在六个文献数据库中系统搜索了 2013 年至 2023 年间发表的描述马萨诸塞州卫生和社会服务大学 EBCD 项目的文章,同时还搜索了灰色文献并查阅了参考文献目录。对记录进行了相关性筛选,最终纳入了 24 篇文章。数据通过电子表格和定性数据分析软件提取。结果EBCD正在少数几个高收入、讲英语的国家的MHSU部门开展,应用于质量改进和新干预措施的开发。对方法进行了广泛的调整,经常从过程中删除或修改一些步骤。结论EBCD是一种与MHSU服务使用者、家庭或照护者以及服务提供者合作共同设计质量改进措施的重要方法,尽管它也适用于新干预措施的开发。实施 EBCD 的人员应仔细考虑计划中的调整可能对收集的信息、实施经验和共同设计的解决方案产生的影响。重要的是,要将创伤知情实践应用于 EBCD,并遵循真实参与的建议,以促进真正参与共同设计解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
‘Severe mental illness’: Uses of this term in physical health support policy, primary care practice, and academic discourses in the United Kingdom 严重精神病":英国在身体健康支持政策、初级保健实践和学术讨论中对这一术语的使用
Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100314
Ilaria Pina , Liam Gilfellon , Sue Webster , Emily J. Henderson , Emily J. Oliver

The term severe mental illness (SMI) is often used in academic work, primary care practice, and policy, acknowledging the health disparities experienced by, and need for improved support for, this population. However, here we draw from the varied experiences of our authorship team to reflect on some problematic operationalisations of the term SMI and its usage, specifically in policy, primary care practice, and academic discourses in England and the UK. Benefits of the SMI label in accessing specialised services are evident but, in this commentary, we start a discussion on its necessity and unintended consequences for wider health support. We focus on physical health support specifically. We hope that this commentary encourages dialogue among practitioners, researchers, stakeholders and commissioners concerning wider uses of the term SMI.

严重精神疾病(SMI)一词经常被用于学术工作、初级医疗实践和政策中,这也是对这一人群在健康方面所经历的不平等现象的认可,也是对改善对这一人群的支持的需求的认可。然而,在此,我们从作者团队的不同经验中汲取养分,对 SMI 一词的一些操作性问题及其用法进行反思,特别是在英格兰和英国的政策、初级医疗实践和学术论述中。SMI标签在获取专业服务方面的好处显而易见,但在本评论中,我们将开始讨论其必要性以及对更广泛的健康支持造成的意外后果。我们特别关注身体健康支持。我们希望这篇评论能鼓励从业人员、研究人员、利益相关者和专员之间就 SMI 一词的更广泛使用展开对话。
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引用次数: 0
Australian men's help-seeking pathways for anxiety 澳大利亚男性焦虑症的求助途径
Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100313
Krista Fisher , Simon M. Rice , Michael J. Wilson , Ruben Benakovic , John L. Oliffe , Andreas Walther , Paul Sharp , Zac E. Seidler

Globally, there has been a substantial increase in the number of men being diagnosed with anxiety disorders. Despite this, men's mental health research often focusses on uncovering why men don't, rather than why they do, seek help. Within this context, men's help-seeking pathways for anxiety are poorly understood. This study mapped the help-seeking pathways of 419 Australian-based men for anxiety. Respondents 16 to 77 years-old (M = 40.92 years, SD = 15.36) reported multiple instances of help-seeking (n = 321, 77%) elaborating on their drivers for help-seeking via an open-text qualitative survey. Thematic analysis of men's responses was used to generate three themes, first detailing common tipping points of men's anxiety (namely relationship issues and work stress), and second, the reclusive causes and consequences of men's anxiety (burdensome symptoms and unmet expectations). These two themes converged into a third theme of help-seeking where defeatist (i.e., resigned abandonment self-management strategies) or defiant (proactive motivation in reaction to new events) motivations propelled men into either assisted or solitary help-seeking pathways. The current study findings afford important insights about the drivers that lead men to seek help for anxiety across the life course. Interventions targeting men's help-seeking for anxiety should accentuate the potential benefits of community-based mental health treatment within the context of men's social connectedness. Such interventions would also benefit from leveraging positive masculine ideals including strength, emotional-control and competition which can be both a barrier to, and driver for, help-seeking in the context of men's anxiety.

在全球范围内,被诊断患有焦虑症的男性人数大幅增加。尽管如此,男性心理健康研究往往侧重于揭示男性不寻求帮助的原因,而不是他们寻求帮助的原因。在这种情况下,人们对男性焦虑症的求助途径知之甚少。本研究绘制了 419 名澳大利亚男性焦虑症患者的求助途径图。年龄在 16 至 77 岁之间的受访者(中位数 = 40.92 岁,标准差 = 15.36)报告了多次寻求帮助的情况(n = 321,77%),并通过开放文本定性调查详细阐述了他们寻求帮助的动因。通过对男性的回答进行主题分析,得出了三个主题,首先是男性焦虑的共同临界点(即人际关系问题和工作压力),其次是男性焦虑的隐性原因和后果(繁重的症状和未满足的期望)。这两个主题汇聚成第三个求助主题,其中失败主义(即认命放弃的自我管理策略)或蔑视(对新事件的积极主动反应)动机推动男性进入协助或单独求助的途径。当前的研究结果为我们提供了重要的启示,即男性在整个生命过程中因焦虑而寻求帮助的驱动因素。针对男性焦虑症求助的干预措施应在男性社会联系的背景下,强调基于社区的心理健康治疗的潜在益处。这些干预措施还将得益于积极的男性理想,包括力量、情绪控制和竞争,这些既可以成为男性焦虑症求助的障碍,也可以成为男性焦虑症求助的动力。
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引用次数: 0
Community perceptions and attitudes toward serious mental illness in Cambodia 柬埔寨社区对严重精神疾病的看法和态度
Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100308
Bunna Phoeun , Sareth Khann , Chanthorn Leang , Thea Soung , Kevin Conroy , Amanda J. Nguyen

Background

Worldwide, approximately 64 million people are living with serious mental illnesses (SMI), such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Because community perceptions and attitudes can impact help-seeking and the course of illness, understanding and incorporating these perspectives, and addressing misconceptions and harmful attitudes, is a critical component of comprehensive mental health support. These concepts are deeply rooted in local culture and belief systems, yet research to provide local understanding is often lacking, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess relative caregivers' and other key community members’ perceptions and attitudes towards people with SMI in Cambodia.

Methods

A brief survey that included open-ended assessment of mental health knowledge and beliefs was interviewer-administered to 115 relative caregivers of people with SMI. Additionally, 20 community members considered knowledgeable about mental health (e.g., traditional healers, local authorities, family caregivers) participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews that explored perceptions and attitudes toward SMI in Cambodia.

Results

Participants included 56 men and 79 women. While respondents were able to identify signs and symptoms of SMI, the most commonly perceived causes were spiritual (e.g., spells, ghosts); family crisis (e.g., domestic violence); and physical health problems. Both respondent groups showed empathy for people with SMI (e.g., pity) but also reported feelings of fear and shame (e.g., perceived tendency toward violence and not wanting to live with such a person).

Conclusion

Both caregivers likely to seek help and respected local figures likely to be involved in initial help-seeking efforts demonstrated limited understanding of SMI as a medical disorder suitable for management within the formal healthcare system. Commonly reported misperceptions are likely to lead to delayed access to care and poorer treatment within the community. Strengthening mental health knowledge among caregivers and key community leaders may hold promise for improving peer support and community referral pathways.

背景全球约有 6400 万人患有严重精神疾病(SMI),如精神分裂症和躁郁症。由于社区的观念和态度会影响患者的求助和病程,因此理解和融入这些观点,消除误解和有害态度,是全面心理健康支持的重要组成部分。这些观念深深植根于当地的文化和信仰体系中,但却往往缺乏提供当地理解的研究,尤其是在中低收入国家。研究目的:本研究旨在评估亲属照护者和其他主要社区成员对柬埔寨 SMI 患者的看法和态度。研究方法:由访谈员对 115 名 SMI 患者的亲属照护者进行简短调查,其中包括对心理健康知识和信仰的开放式评估。此外,20 名被认为了解心理健康知识的社区成员(如传统治疗师、地方当局、家庭照顾者)参加了半结构化定性访谈,探讨了柬埔寨人对 SMI 的看法和态度。虽然受访者能够识别 SMI 的迹象和症状,但最常见的原因是精神因素(如咒语、鬼魂)、家庭危机(如家庭暴力)和身体健康问题。两组受访者都对 SMI 患者表示同情(如同情),但也报告了恐惧和羞耻感(如认为他们有暴力倾向,不想与这样的人生活在一起)。常见的误解很可能会导致就医延迟和社区内治疗效果不佳。加强护理人员和主要社区领袖对心理健康知识的了解,有望改善同伴支持和社区转介途径。
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引用次数: 0
Elimination of restrictive practices from acute adult mental health care services: A qualitative evidence synthesis of the lived experience literature. 消除急性成人心理健康护理服务中的限制性做法:生活经验文献的定性证据综述。
Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100305
S.L. Bennetts , G. Pepin , S. Moylan , R. Carolin , J.J. Lucas

The calls to eliminate restrictive practices (e.g., seclusion and physical restraint) from mental health care services have been gaining momentum over time and have been one of the many issues at the forefront of international mental health care systems. Whilst it is known that restrictive practices are often harmful and traumatic for the mental health service user, there is a lack of synthesis of the factors that are influencing restrictive practices’ ultimate reduction and elimination from the perspective of mental health service users and practitioners. The aim of this research was to conduct a qualitative evidence synthesis of the literature regarding the perceptions and experiences of mental health service users and practitioners about restrictive practices in mental health care services. A systematic search and inclusion strategy identified 44 relevant articles for review. Inductive thematic synthesis resulted in five themes across the articles: (1) Meaning and emotional experience, (2) Re-traumatisation and dehumanisation, (3) Professional competencies and varying experiences, (4) Balancing safety versus care, and (5) Alternatives to restrictive practices. Discussion of these themes highlighted the many layered and often uncomfortable nature of restrictive practices which can pervade mental health facilities across the world.

随着时间的推移,从心理健康护理服务中消除限制性做法(如隔离和身体束缚)的呼声日益高涨,并已成为国际心理健康护理系统最关注的众多问题之一。众所周知,限制性措施往往会对精神健康服务使用者造成伤害和创伤,但从精神健康服务使用者和从业人员的角度来看,目前还缺乏对影响限制性措施最终减少和消除的因素的综合研究。本研究的目的是对有关精神健康服务使用者和从业人员对精神健康护理服务中限制性措施的看法和体验的文献进行定性证据综述。通过系统性的搜索和纳入策略,确定了 44 篇相关文章供查阅。通过归纳式主题综合,在所有文章中形成了五个主题:(1)意义和情感体验,(2)再创伤和非人化,(3)专业能力和不同的体验,(4)安全和护理之间的平衡,以及(5)限制性实践的替代方案。对这些主题的讨论凸显了限制性实践的多层次性,而且往往让人感到不舒服,这些限制性实践可能遍布世界各地的心理健康机构。
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引用次数: 0
South African rape survivors’ expressions of shame, self-blame and internalized-stigma 南非强奸幸存者对羞耻、自责和内化耻辱的表述
Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100310
Samantha Willan , Nwabisa Shai , Thobeka Majola , Mpumelelo Mabhida , Sinqobile Mngadi , Tholsie Gounden , Rachel Jewkes , Naeemah Abrahams , Mercilene Machisa

Post-rape research and support often focuses on external stigma, yet many rape survivors experience appreciable shame, self-blame and internalized-stigma. Despite a growing literature describing the impact of these feelings on survivors' emotional wellbeing, there has been little research on this in South Africa, where an average of 40,000 rape cases are reported annually. To strengthen our understanding of female rape survivors' experiences and perceptions of shame, self-blame and internalized-stigma, we undertook qualitative research with 16 survivors in eThekwini, South Africa. They participated in 2–3 in-depth and life history interviews, that sought to enable them to express how they made meaning of post-rape internalized-stigma, shame and self-blame, and how these may have influenced their psychological reactions to rape. The paper describes the women's experiences and reactions to the rape and reflects on how their descriptions contribute to theoretical perspectives on shame, self-blame and internalized-stigma. The women expressed feelings of shame, self-blame, and internalized-stigma, describing these as distinct, yet inter-connected. These feelings were a reaction to views expressed by family, community members and service providers, their relationship to the perpetrator, the extent of gossip about the incident and gender norms and rape myths. Furthermore, while the stigma was felt at an individual level, it was driven by external stigma enacted at interpersonal and structural/community levels. Women who had experienced more than one rape, explained this through the internally-stigmatizing notion of being ‘rape-able’. This study addresses a significant knowledge gap which could improve contextually appropriate post-rape care services and interventions in South Africa, particularly psychological support for survivors. Finally, while rape survivors should be supported to address their own shame, self-blame and internalized-stigma, external stigma needs to be addressed at interpersonal and structural levels.

强奸后的研究和支持通常侧重于外部耻辱,但许多强奸幸存者经历了明显的羞耻、自责和内化耻辱。尽管有越来越多的文献描述了这些情绪对幸存者情感健康的影响,但在南非,这方面的研究却很少,而南非每年平均报告的强奸案件达 40,000 起。为了加强我们对强奸案女性幸存者在羞耻感、自责感和内化耻辱感方面的经历和看法的了解,我们对南非 eThekwini 的 16 名幸存者进行了定性研究。她们参加了 2-3 次深度访谈和生活史访谈,目的是让她们表达自己如何看待强奸后内化的耻辱感、羞耻感和自责感,以及这些如何影响了她们对强奸的心理反应。本文描述了这些妇女的经历和对强奸的反应,并思考了她们的描述如何对羞耻、自责和内化耻辱的理论观点做出贡献。妇女们表达了羞耻感、自责感和内化耻辱感,并将这些感觉描述为不同的,但又相互关联的。这些感受是对家庭、社区成员和服务提供者所表达的观点、她们与施暴者的关系、有关事件的流言蜚语程度以及性别规范和强奸神话的反应。此外,虽然成见是个人层面的感受,但它是由人际和结构/社区层面的外部成见驱动的。经历过不止一次强奸的妇女通过 "可能被强奸 "这一内部污名化概念来解释这一点。这项研究填补了一个重要的知识空白,可以改善南非强奸后的护理服务和干预措施,特别是对幸存者的心理支持。最后,虽然应支持强奸幸存者解决其自身的羞耻、自责和内部污名化问题,但外部污名化问题需要在人际和结构层面加以解决。
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引用次数: 0
“Where are the pediatricians in all this?”: Family perspectives on the role of pediatricians in mental healthcare and suicide prevention "儿科医生在哪里?从家庭角度看儿科医生在精神保健和预防自杀中的作用
Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100307
Olivia DeCrane, Jienian Zhang, Brindin Parrott, Anna S. Mueller

Rising rates of youth anxiety, depression, and suicide mean that pediatricians are increasingly likely to encounter children struggling with their mental health in their clinical practices. Despite pediatric professional organizations encouraging pediatricians to contribute more to mental healthcare and suicide prevention, research on the role of pediatricians and whether families consider them a resource is limited. Drawing on original survey (N = 1230) and interview data (N = 102), we investigate how families conceptualize and involve pediatricians in their children’s mental healthcare, including during suicidal crises. Our survey data show that while families considered mental health professionals the ideal point of contact, pediatricians were a close second, confirming that families view pediatricians as a mental health resource. Parent interviews clarify that parents most often turn to pediatricians for medication and referrals to other mental health professionals or because mental health professionals were inaccessible. We also examine how pediatricians helped (by connecting families promptly to appropriate care) or hurt (by stigmatizing suicide or by providing interventions associated with harm) during a child’s suicidal crisis. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of proper suicide prevention training for pediatricians, as well as suggesting directions for future research.

青少年焦虑、抑郁和自杀率的上升意味着儿科医生在临床实践中越来越有可能遇到与心理健康作斗争的儿童。尽管儿科专业组织鼓励儿科医生为心理保健和自杀预防做出更多贡献,但有关儿科医生的作用以及家庭是否将其视为一种资源的研究却十分有限。利用原始调查(1230 人)和访谈数据(102 人),我们调查了家庭如何看待儿科医生在儿童心理保健(包括自杀危机期间)中的作用,以及儿科医生如何参与其中。我们的调查数据显示,虽然家庭认为心理健康专业人员是理想的接触点,但儿科医生紧随其后,这证实了家庭将儿科医生视为心理健康资源。对家长的访谈表明,家长们最常求助于儿科医生,以获得药物治疗并转介给其他心理健康专业人士,或者是因为无法联系到心理健康专业人士。我们还研究了儿科医生在儿童自杀危机中是如何起到帮助作用的(通过及时将家庭与适当的医疗机构联系起来),或者是如何起到伤害作用的(通过对自杀的污名化或提供与伤害相关的干预措施)。最后,我们强调了对儿科医生进行适当的自杀预防培训的重要性,并提出了未来的研究方向。
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SSM. Mental health
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