Surgery open science最新文献

{"title":"Digital quantification of stroma percentage enhances prognostic stratification in pancreatic cancer","authors":"Axel Bengtsson MD,&nbsp;Roland Andersson MD, PhD,&nbsp;Bodil Andersson MD, PhD,&nbsp;Daniel Ansari MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.sopen.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sopen.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a prominent desmoplastic stroma, which plays a crucial role in tumor biology and treatment resistance. While the stromal compartment is a defining histopathological feature of PDAC, its prognostic significance remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to quantify the stromal content in PDAC using digital pathology and evaluate its association with patient outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed from resected PDAC specimens (<em>n</em> = 142). Digital analysis of tumor stroma percentage (TSP) was performed on tissue sections labeled with CA19–9. Cases were stratified into low and high TSP groups based on an optimized threshold of 44.2%. Associations between TSP and clinicopathological variables were assessed, and survival outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Digital quantification revealed wide intertumoral variability in TSP. A total of 127 (89%) patients were categorized into the high TSP group (&gt;44.2% stroma). A high TSP was significantly associated with anatomic location of the tumor in the head of the pancreas. Patients with high TSP exhibited significantly prolonged overall survival (median: 27.8 months vs 12 months, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). In multivariable analysis, high TSP remained an independent predictor of favorable prognosis (HR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.13–0.52, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A high TSP is independently associated with improved survival in PDAC. These findings challenge traditional views of the stroma as purely tumor-promoting and suggest a potential protective role of the stromal compartment in certain contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74892,"journal":{"name":"Surgery open science","volume":"30 ","pages":"Pages 8-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of negative pressure wound therapy—From the perspective of drainage fluid composition","authors":"Muhaimaiti Abudurezhake ,&nbsp;Yifei Huang ,&nbsp;Hailong Wang ,&nbsp;Gulinuer Aili ,&nbsp;Yamei Xu ,&nbsp;Yajun Tian ,&nbsp;Zhanjun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.sopen.2026.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sopen.2026.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) accelerates wound healing processes by promoting angiogenesis and vascularization. However, the molecular mechanisms and biological effects underpinning these processes remain unclear, while drainage fluids (and associated components) extracted by negative pressure suction are rarely investigated. This study investigated these components and explored their relationship with wound healing. To this end, a diabetic wound rat model was established, and wound exudate was collected using negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) equipment. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDFG-BB), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) expression levels were investigated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), circulating fibrocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were analyzed by flow cytometry. This study observed that during wound healing, the expression levels of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and chemokine-1 (SDF-1) were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. This expression pattern was similar to that observed in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The data from this study indicate that NPWT significantly increases the clearance of drainage fluid and its related components (including growth factors, chemokines, and cells). Also, drainage fluid levels were proportional to wound healing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74892,"journal":{"name":"Surgery open science","volume":"30 ","pages":"Pages 23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of prediction models for perioperative opioid needs in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients: A machine-learning approach","authors":"Yongmei Huang MD, DrPH ,&nbsp;Guohua Li MD, DrPH ,&nbsp;Silvia S. Martins MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Pia M. Mauro PhD ,&nbsp;Ana I. Tergas MD, MPH ,&nbsp;June Hou MD, MBA ,&nbsp;Xiao Xu PhD ,&nbsp;Elena B. Elkin PhD ,&nbsp;Judith S. Jacobson DrPH, MBA ,&nbsp;Jason D. Wright MD","doi":"10.1016/j.sopen.2026.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sopen.2026.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Changes in opioid prescribing practices have evolved, including perioperative settings. However, computerized clinical decision support systems to guide opioid prescribing remain limited. This study aimed to develop and validate prediction models for perioperative opioid needs among patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and to create a risk-scoring tool.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a retrospective cohort study. Using electronic medical records (EMR), we identified patients aged 18–64 years who underwent LC for benign conditions between October 2015 and December 2018. Demographic, clinical, and surgical data were collected. Perioperative opioid needs were classified as none/low (0–3 days), medium (4–6 days), or high (≥7 days), based on self-reported pain scores and prescription duration. The cohort was split into training (70%) and testing (30%) datasets. Prediction models were developed using random forest, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), and subject-matter expertise, with performance evaluated by discrimination, calibration, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1136 patients were identified. In the training dataset (<em>n</em> = 803), 36.1% of patients were in the none/low group, 22.1% in the medium group, and 41.8% in the high group. In testing dataset (<em>n</em> = 333), LASSO outperformed random forest with better calibration. The revised LASSO model, incorporating subject-matter knowledge, improved interpretability, achieving an AUC of 0.64 and Brier score of 0.20. Key predictors included gender, pre-operative medication, emergency surgery, anesthesia type, and surgical indications. A nomogram was developed for visual prediction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Prediction of perioperative opioid needs using EMR and machine-learning is feasible and may support individualized pain management, though further refinement of model performance is warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74892,"journal":{"name":"Surgery open science","volume":"30 ","pages":"Pages 14-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Race/ethnicity on firearm & self-injuries during COVID-19 using TQIP data","authors":"Veronica Layrisse Landaeta M.D. ,&nbsp;Shahenda Khedr B.A. ,&nbsp;Victoria Yuan M.D. ,&nbsp;Eshani Pareek M.B.S. ,&nbsp;Debra D'Angelo M.S. ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Zhao BS ,&nbsp;Gala Cygiel M.D. ,&nbsp;Konstantin Khariton D.O., F.A.C.S. ,&nbsp;Steven Y. Chao M.D., F.A.C.S.","doi":"10.1016/j.sopen.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sopen.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased assaults, self-inflicted injuries, and firearm-related injuries across the nation, along with increased reports of depression and anxiety worldwide. Our study examines trends in these types of injuries among diverse racial and ethnic groups in the United States during this time.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data was extracted from the ACS-TQIP database, including patients with assaults, self-inflicted injuries and firearm-related injuries from 2018 to 2021. Pre-COVID period was defined as 2018–2019, and COVID period as 2020–2021. We performed univariable and multivariable logistic regressions to identify associations between injury rates and COVID period, sex, race, and ethnicity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 417,797 assaults (9.3% of traumas), 57,853 self-inflicted injuries (1.3%) and 208,882 firearm-related injuries (4.7%). Multivariable analysis revealed significant increase in assaults (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: [1.01, 1.03]; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and firearm-related injuries (1.28 [1.27, 1.29]; p &lt; 0.001) and a significant decrease in self-inflicted injuries (0.98 [0.97, 0.99]; <em>p</em> = 0.039) during the COVID period.</div><div>Asian American Pacific Islanders (1.06 [1.02–1.10]; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.005), American Indians (3.47 [3.35–3.60]; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), Black or African American (5.32 [5.26–5.38]; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, other races (1.23 [1.20–1.25]; p &lt; 0.001) and Hispanics (1.71[1.65–1.74]; p &lt; 0.001) had higher odds of assaults during COVID.</div><div>Asian American Pacific Islanders (1.12 [1.04–1.20]; <em>p</em> = 0.001) and American Indians (1.23 [1.12–1.35]; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001 had higher odds of self-inflicted injuries and Hispanic patients had lower odds (0.73 [0.70–0.76]; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) during COVID.</div><div>American Indians (1.45 [1.36–1.55]; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), Black or African Americans (6.42 [6.33–6.52]; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), Hispanics (1.46 [1.43–1.50]; p &lt; 0.001) and other races (1.11 [1.08–1.15]; p &lt; 0.001) had higher odds of firearm related injuries during COVID.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The COVID period saw higher odds of assaults, self-inflicted injuries, and firearm-related injuries in certain racial/ethnic minorities. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address the disproportionate impact on racial/ethnic minorities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74892,"journal":{"name":"Surgery open science","volume":"30 ","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity surgery improves metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and type 2 diabetes – MRI and biochemical analysis of liver and pancreas","authors":"Dr. med. Hannes Götz Kenngott M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Philipp Anthony Wise ,&nbsp;Yixin Jiang M.Med. ,&nbsp;Dr. med. Amila Cizmic ,&nbsp;Felix Wagner ,&nbsp;Prof. Dr. med. Hans-Ulrich Kauczor ,&nbsp;PD Dr. Dr. med. Adrian T. Billeter ,&nbsp;Prof. Dr. med. Lars Fischer MBA ,&nbsp;PD Dr. med. Johanna Nattenmüller ,&nbsp;Prof. Dr. med. Beat Peter Müller-Stich ,&nbsp;Dr. Med. Rainer Grotelüschen ,&nbsp;Prof. Dr. med. Felix Nickel MME","doi":"10.1016/j.sopen.2025.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sopen.2025.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study evaluated changes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver volume, liver/pancreas fat in patients after obesity surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) measured liver volume/fat and pancreas fat in 31 patients with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG, <em>N</em> = 20) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB, <em>N</em> = 11) preoperatively and at 3- and 12-month follow-up. Clinical data and blood values were taken concomitantly to calculate Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The percentage total weight lost (17.5 % ± 5.4 % at 3 months, 28.4 % ± 8.3 % at 12 months) and percentage excess weight lost (40.0 % ± 11.8 % at 3 months, 65.0 % ± 18.8 % at 12 months) were significant. Liver volume decreased from 2378.3 ± 514.5 cm³ to 1928.7 ± 333.5 cm³ at 3 months (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and 1685.0 ± 310.9 cm³ at 12 months (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) after surgery. Liver fat percentage decreased from 16.7 % ± 10.3 % to 8.7 % ± 5.4 % at 3 months (p &lt; 0.001) and 5.2 % ± 3.6 % at 12 months (p &lt; 0.001). Pancreatic fat percentage showed a reduction from 14.8 % ± 5.5 % to 10.9 % ± 4.9 % at 3 months (<em>p</em> = 0.007) postoperatively. NAFLD score improved from preoperative measurements to 12 months postoperatively (−0.89 ± 1.54 vs. -1.77 ± 1.25, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.019). Preoperatively, 22 of 31 (71 %) patients had advanced/intermediate scores; 12 months postoperatively only 12 (39 %) remained (<em>p</em> = 0.044). No significant differences between LSG and RYGB were found regarding goal parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Obesity surgery reduced liver volume, type 2 diabetes, fat content of liver and pancreas and improved indicators of MASLD. No significant difference in outcome between operation methods could be established.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74892,"journal":{"name":"Surgery open science","volume":"29 ","pages":"Pages 43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends, challenges and ethical considerations in pediatric robotic surgery","authors":"Anoush Sardesai Sadat ,&nbsp;Suhaib J.S. Ahmad ,&nbsp;Sjaak Pouwels","doi":"10.1016/j.sopen.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sopen.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Robotic surgery is revolutionizing healthcare by offering unparalleled precision and control in minimally invasive procedures. With the da Vinci system leading this transformation, surgeons can perform complex operations with enhanced accuracy, reduced recovery times, and fewer complications. In this narrative review, we expanding role of robotic surgery in pediatric cases, highlighting its advantages over conventional techniques, such as improved visualization, reduced tremor, and shorter learning curves. However, challenges like high costs, limited instrument availability, and ethical concerns about access and equity persist. We also examine emerging trends, including telesurgery and augmented reality, which promise to further innovate the field. As pediatric robotic surgery continues to evolve, balancing technological advancements with ethical considerations is crucial to ensuring all children benefit from these cutting-edge surgical solutions. Understanding these dynamics will help guide future applications, making robotic surgery not just a tool for select cases but a standard of care that is accessible, efficient, and equitable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74892,"journal":{"name":"Surgery open science","volume":"29 ","pages":"Pages 29-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appraisal on the indications, subtypes, and complications of surgically treated thyroid diseases for thyroidologists: A systematic review and meta-analysis in thyroidology","authors":"Ilker Sengul MD, Professor ,&nbsp;Demet Sengul MD, Professor","doi":"10.1016/j.sopen.2025.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sopen.2025.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74892,"journal":{"name":"Surgery open science","volume":"29 ","pages":"Pages 34-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of comorbidities on surgical outcomes in laparoscopic gastrectomy","authors":"Saleha Khan ,&nbsp;Aleena Zobairi ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Kutbi ,&nbsp;Nuran Alsobyani ,&nbsp;Hamad Aldobashi ,&nbsp;Zulaihat Galadima ,&nbsp;Ameena Manzoor ,&nbsp;Sjaak Pouwels","doi":"10.1016/j.sopen.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sopen.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74892,"journal":{"name":"Surgery open science","volume":"29 ","pages":"Pages 32-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammation and fibrosis at pancreatic resection margin and their role in post-operative pancreatic fistula development after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a pilot study from a single institution","authors":"Roberto Cammarata MD ,&nbsp;Vincenzo La Vaccara MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Alberto Catamerò MD ,&nbsp;Chiara Taffon MD ,&nbsp;Gianluca Costa MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Laura Olivieri MD ,&nbsp;Roberto Coppola MD ,&nbsp;Damiano Caputo MD","doi":"10.1016/j.sopen.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sopen.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><div>Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a major complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), with significant impact on outcomes. While the absence of pancreatic fibrosis is a known risk factor, its intraoperative assessment is often subjective. Moreover, the potential protective role of chronic inflammation at the pancreatic resection margin (PRM) has not been fully explored. This study aimed to evaluate the histological presence of fibrosis and chronic lymphomononuclear inflammatory infiltrate (CLII) at the PRM as predictors of POPF and clinically relevant POPF (CR-POPF), and to assess their intraoperative feasibility via frozen sections.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis was performed on 141 patients who underwent PD (2014–2022). Intraoperative frozen sections of the PRM were reviewed for fibrosis and CLII using standardized semi-quantitative grading. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified predictors of POPF and CR-POPF.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>POPF and CR-POPF occurred in 42.5 % and 22.7 % of patients, respectively. Absence of fibrosis and CLII were independently associated with increased risk of POPF (OR 7.51 and 4.30; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) and CR-POPF (OR 4.43 and 3.40; <em>p</em> = 0.0003 and <em>p</em> = 0.0099). Combined absence of both further elevated risk (OR 5.20 for POPF; OR 4.83 for CR-POPF). In multivariate analysis, absence of fibrosis and CLII and main pancreatic duct &lt;3 mm remained independent predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The absence of fibrosis and CLII at the PRM strongly predicts POPF and CR-POPF. Their intraoperative evaluation via frozen sections is feasible and may support tailored surgical strategies, especially in minimally invasive PD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74892,"journal":{"name":"Surgery open science","volume":"29 ","pages":"Pages 36-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2589-8450(26)00002-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2589-8450(26)00002-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74892,"journal":{"name":"Surgery open science","volume":"29 ","pages":"Page i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}