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Recurrent Catatonia Pre- and Postorthotopic Liver Transplant 肝移植前后复发性紧张症
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2022.170403
Christopher Sikes-Keilp
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引用次数: 0
Community Treatment Orders in Canada: A Historical Overview 加拿大社区治疗令:历史回顾
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2022.170404
Olivia Guerra
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引用次数: 1
Is Everything Going to Be All Right? My Journey to Healing After Childbirth 一切都会好起来吗?我的产后康复之旅
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2022.170406
Jazmin C. Scott
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引用次数: 0
Ketamine for Adolescent Depression: An Overview and Considerations for Future Directions 氯胺酮治疗青少年抑郁症:综述及对未来发展方向的思考
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2022.170401
Janet J. Baek, Earth Hasassri
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引用次数: 0
Modafinil: A Review and Its Potential Use in the Treatment of Long COVID Fatigue and Neurocognitive Deficits 莫达非尼:综述及其在治疗长时间COVID - 19疲劳和神经认知缺陷中的潜在应用
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2022.170402
Andrew G. Pliszka
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引用次数: 2
Mortality Among Parkinson's Disease Patients Treated With Pimavanserin or Atypical Antipsychotics: An Observational Study in Medicare Beneficiaries. 匹马万色林或非典型抗精神病药物治疗帕金森病患者的死亡率:一项针对医疗保险受益人的观察性研究。
Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21090876
A. Mosholder, Yong Ma, Sandia Akhtar, G. Podskalny, Yuhui Feng, Hai Lyu, Jiemin Liao, Yuqin Wei, M. Wernecke, Kira Leishear, Lorene M Nelson, T. MaCurdy, J. Kelman, D. Graham
OBJECTIVEPimavanserin, a serotonin 5-HT2 antagonist, is indicated for treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis. In premarketing trials in patients with Parkinson's disease psychosis, 11% of patients died during open-label pimavanserin treatment. Antipsychotics, which are used off-label in Parkinson's disease psychosis, increase mortality in dementia patients. The authors compared mortality with pimavanserin and atypical antipsychotics in a large database.METHODSThis was a retrospective new-user cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries with Parkinson's disease initiating pimavanserin (N=3,227) or atypical antipsychotics (N=18,442) from April 2016 to March 2019. All-cause mortality hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated for pimavanserin compared with atypical antipsychotics, using segmented proportional hazards regression over 1-180 and 181+ days of treatment. Potential confounding was addressed through inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).RESULTSPimavanserin users had a mean age of approximately 78 years, and 45% were female. Before IPTW, some comorbidities were more prevalent in atypical antipsychotic users; after IPTW, comorbidities were well balanced between groups. In the first 180 days of treatment, mortality was approximately 35% lower with pimavanserin than with atypical antipsychotics (hazard ratio=0.65, 95% CI=0.53, 0.79), with approximately one excess death per 30 atypical antipsychotic-treated patients; however, during treatment beyond 180 days, there was no additional mortality advantage with pimavanserin (hazard ratio=1.05, 95% CI=0.82, 1.33). Pimavanserin showed no mortality advantage in nursing home patients.CONCLUSIONSPimavanserin use was associated with lower mortality than atypical antipsychotic use during the first 180 days of treatment, but only in community-dwelling patients, not nursing home residents.
皮马万色林是一种5-羟色胺2拮抗剂,用于治疗帕金森病精神病相关的幻觉和妄想。在帕金森氏病精神病患者的上市前试验中,11%的患者在开放标签的匹马万色林治疗期间死亡。在帕金森氏症精神病中未经核准使用的抗精神病药物会增加痴呆症患者的死亡率。作者在一个大型数据库中比较了匹马瑟林和非典型抗精神病药物的死亡率。方法:这是一项回顾性的新用户队列研究,研究对象是2016年4月至2019年3月期间服用匹马万色林(N= 3227)或非典型抗精神病药物(N= 18442)的帕金森病医疗保险受益人。在1-180天和181天以上的治疗期间,使用分段比例风险回归,估计匹马万塞林与非典型抗精神病药物的全因死亡率风险比和95%置信区间。通过处理加权逆概率(IPTW)来解决潜在的混淆。结果斯匹马万色林服用者平均年龄约为78岁,女性占45%。在IPTW之前,一些合并症在非典型抗精神病药物使用者中更为普遍;IPTW后,两组间的合并症平衡良好。在治疗的前180天,匹马万色林的死亡率比非典型抗精神病药物低约35%(风险比=0.65,95% CI=0.53, 0.79),每30名非典型抗精神病药物治疗患者中约有1例额外死亡;然而,在超过180天的治疗期间,匹马万塞林没有额外的死亡率优势(风险比=1.05,95% CI=0.82, 1.33)。匹马万色林在养老院患者中没有死亡率优势。结论在治疗的前180天,使用斯匹马万素与非典型抗精神病药物的死亡率相关,但仅适用于社区居住患者,而非养老院居民。
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引用次数: 12
Flexible Buprenorphine/Naloxone Model of Care for Reducing Opioid Use in Individuals With Prescription-Type Opioid Use Disorder: An Open-Label, Pragmatic, Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial. 减少处方型阿片类药物使用障碍患者阿片类药物使用的灵活丁丙诺啡/纳洛酮护理模式:一项开放标签、实用、非自卑随机对照试验
Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21090964
D. Jutras-Aswad, B. Le Foll, K. Ahamad, Ronald Lim, J. Bruneau, Benedikt Fischer, Jürgen Rehm, T. Wild, Evan Wood, S. Brissette, Lea Gagnon, Jill Fikowski, Omar Ledjiar, Benoît Mâsse, M. Socías
OBJECTIVEExtensive exposure to prescription-type opioids has resulted in major harm worldwide, calling for better-adapted approaches to opioid agonist therapy. The authors aimed to determine whether flexible take-home buprenorphine/naloxone is as effective as supervised methadone in reducing opioid use in prescription-type opioid consumers with opioid use disorder.METHODSThis seven-site, pan-Canadian, 24-week, pragmatic, open-label, noninferiority, two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial involved treatment-seeking adults with prescription-type opioid use disorder. Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to treatment with sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone (target dosage, 8 mg/2 mg to 24 mg/6 mg per day; flexible take-home dosing) or oral methadone (≈60-120 mg/day; closely supervised). The primary outcome was the proportion of opioid-free urine drug screens over 24 weeks (noninferiority margin, 15%). All randomized participants were analyzed, excluding one who died shortly after randomization, for the primary analysis (modified intention-to-treat analysis).RESULTSOf 272 participants recruited (mean age, 39 years [SD=11]; 34.2% female), 138 were randomized to buprenorphine/naloxone and 134 to methadone. The mean proportion of opioid-free urine drug screens was 24.0% (SD=34.4) in the buprenorphine/naloxone group and 18.5% (SD=30.5) in the methadone group, with a 5.6% adjusted mean difference (95% CI=-0.3, +∞). Participants in the buprenorphine/naloxone group had 0.47 times the odds (95% CI=0.24, 0.90) of being retained in the assigned treatment compared with those in the methadone group. Overall, 24 drug-related adverse events were reported (12 in the buprenorphine/naloxone group [N=8/138; 5.7%] and 12 in the methadone group [N=12/134; 9.0%]) and mostly included withdrawal, hypogonadism, and overdose.CONCLUSIONSThe buprenorphine/naloxone flexible model of care was safe and noninferior to methadone in reducing opioid use among people with prescription-type opioid use disorder. This flexibility could help expand access to opioid agonist therapy and reduce harms in the context of the opioid overdose crisis.
目的:处方型阿片类药物的广泛暴露已在世界范围内造成重大危害,呼吁更好地适应阿片类药物激动剂治疗方法。作者旨在确定灵活的丁丙诺啡/纳洛酮在减少阿片类药物使用障碍的处方型阿片类药物消费者的阿片类药物使用方面是否与监督美沙酮一样有效。方法:这项为期24周、实用、开放标签、非效性、双平行随机对照试验涉及寻求治疗的处方型阿片类药物使用障碍的成年人。参与者按1:1的比例随机接受丁丙诺啡/纳洛酮舌下治疗(目标剂量,每天8mg / 2mg至24mg / 6mg;灵活的带回家剂量)或口服美沙酮(≈60- 120mg /天;密切监督)。主要终点是24周内无阿片类药物尿液药物筛查的比例(非劣效边际,15%)。对所有随机分组的参与者进行分析,排除随机分组后不久死亡的参与者,进行初步分析(修改意向治疗分析)。结果招募的272名受试者(平均年龄39岁[SD=11];34.2%女性),138例随机分配丁丙诺啡/纳洛酮组,134例随机分配美沙酮组。丁丙诺啡/纳洛酮组无阿片类药物尿药物筛查的平均比例为24.0% (SD=34.4),美沙酮组为18.5% (SD=30.5),校正后平均差异为5.6% (95% CI=-0.3, +∞)。与美沙酮组相比,丁丙诺啡/纳洛酮组的参与者保留指定治疗的几率为0.47倍(95% CI=0.24, 0.90)。总体而言,报告了24例药物相关不良事件(丁丙诺啡/纳洛酮组12例[N=8/138;5.7%],美沙酮组12例[N=12/134;9.0%]),主要包括戒断、性腺功能减退和过量服用。结论丁丙诺啡/纳洛酮灵活护理模式在减少处方型阿片类药物使用障碍患者阿片类药物使用方面安全且不逊于美沙酮。这种灵活性可以帮助扩大获得阿片类药物激动剂治疗的机会,并在阿片类药物过量危机的背景下减少危害。
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引用次数: 23
Diagnosing Prescription Opioid Use Disorder in Patients Using Prescribed Opioids for Chronic Pain. 诊断处方阿片类药物使用障碍的患者使用处方阿片类药物治疗慢性疼痛。
Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21070721
D. Hasin, D. Shmulewitz, Malka Stohl, E. Greenstein, E. Aharonovich, K. Petronis, M. Von Korff, S. Datta, N. Sonty, Stephen Ross, C. Inturrisi, Michael L Weinberger, Jennifer Scodes, M. Wall
OBJECTIVEThe diagnostic criteria for opioid use disorder, originally developed for heroin, did not anticipate the surge in prescription opioid use and the resulting complexities in diagnosing prescription opioid use disorder (POUD), including differentiation of pain relief (therapeutic intent) from more common drug use motives, such as to get high or to cope with negative affect. The authors examined the validity of the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders, DSM-5 opioid version, an instrument designed to make this differentiation.METHODSPatients (N=606) from pain clinics and inpatient substance treatment who ever received a ≥30-day opioid prescription for chronic pain were evaluated for DSM-5 POUD (i.e., withdrawal and tolerance were not considered positive if patients used opioids only as prescribed, per DSM-5 guidelines) and pain-adjusted POUD (behavioral/subjective criteria were not considered positive if pain relief [therapeutic intent] was the sole motive). Bivariate correlated-outcome regression models indicated associations of 10 validators with DSM-5 and pain-adjusted POUD measures, using mean ratios for dimensional measures and odds ratios for binary measures.RESULTSThe prevalences of DSM-5 and pain-adjusted POUD, respectively, were 44.4% and 30.4% at the ≥2-criteria threshold and 29.5% and 25.3% at the ≥4-criteria threshold. Pain adjustment had little effect on prevalence among substance treatment patients but resulted in substantially lower prevalence among pain treatment patients. All validators had significantly stronger associations with pain-adjusted than with DSM-5 dimensional POUD measures (ratios of mean ratios, 1.22-2.31). For most validators, pain-adjusted binary POUD had larger odds ratios than DSM-5 measures.CONCLUSIONSAdapting POUD measures for pain relief (therapeutic intent) improved validity. Studies should investigate the clinical utility of differentiating between therapeutic and nontherapeutic intent in evaluating POUD diagnostic criteria.
目的阿片类药物使用障碍的诊断标准最初是针对海洛因制定的,但没有预料到处方阿片类药物使用的激增以及由此导致的处方阿片类药物使用障碍(POUD)诊断的复杂性,包括将疼痛缓解(治疗意图)与更常见的药物使用动机(如获得快感或应对负面影响)区分开来。作者检验了精神病学物质与精神障碍研究访谈(DSM-5阿片类药物版本)的有效性,该工具旨在进行这种区分。方法对来自疼痛诊所和住院患者(N=606)接受过≥30天阿片类药物治疗慢性疼痛的患者进行DSM-5 POUD评估(即,如果患者仅按照DSM-5指南的规定使用阿片类药物,戒断和耐受性不被认为是阳性的)和疼痛调节POUD(如果疼痛缓解[治疗意图]是唯一的动机,行为/主观标准不被认为是阳性的)。双变量相关结果回归模型显示10个验证者与DSM-5和疼痛调整POUD测量相关,使用维度测量的平均比率和二元测量的优势比。结果DSM-5和疼痛调节型POUD的患病率在≥2项标准时分别为44.4%和30.4%,在≥4项标准时分别为29.5%和25.3%。疼痛调节对药物治疗患者的患病率影响不大,但疼痛治疗患者的患病率明显降低。与DSM-5维度POUD测量值相比,所有验证者与疼痛调整值的相关性显著更强(平均比值,1.22-2.31)。对于大多数验证者,疼痛调整的二进制POUD比DSM-5测量值具有更大的比值比。结论采用POUD措施缓解疼痛(治疗意图)提高了效度。研究应探讨在评估POUD诊断标准时区分治疗性和非治疗性意图的临床应用。
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引用次数: 7
Innovative Directions to Advance Mental Health Disparities Research. 促进心理健康差异研究的创新方向。
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21100972
C. Barksdale, E. Pérez-Stable, Joshua A. Gordon
Disparities in mental health have persisted or worsened despite our awareness of their existence, increased understanding of their causes, and efforts at reduction and mitigation. Although much is known, there is still much to be done in mental health research to meaningfully impact disparities. In November 2020, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) co-sponsored a virtual workshop to explore the complexities of mental health disparities, which revealed several gaps and opportunities for the field to pursue to advance mental health disparities research. This article, the introduction to a Special Issue on Mental Health Disparities, provides a frame for four articles that stem from and are inspired by the virtual NIMH/NIMHD workshop, all of which illustrate innovative research on understanding the complex mechanisms of disparities and how this knowledge can be translated into effective intervention development that advances mental health equity.
尽管我们意识到心理健康方面的差距存在,加深了对其原因的了解,并努力减少和缓解,但这些差距仍然存在或恶化。虽然我们知道很多,但在心理健康研究方面仍有很多工作要做,以有意义地影响差异。2020年11月,美国国家心理健康研究所(NIMH)和国家少数民族健康与健康差异研究所(NIMHD)共同主办了一次虚拟研讨会,探讨心理健康差异的复杂性,揭示了该领域推进心理健康差异研究的一些差距和机会。这篇文章是《心理健康差异特刊》的导论,为四篇源于NIMH/NIMHD虚拟研讨会并受其启发的文章提供了框架,所有这些文章都说明了对理解差异复杂机制的创新研究,以及如何将这些知识转化为促进心理健康公平的有效干预发展。
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引用次数: 5
Mental Health Disparities Research: An Introduction to New Directions. 心理健康差异研究:新方向导论
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20220291
C. Barksdale
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引用次数: 2
期刊
The American journal of psychiatry residents' journal
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