{"title":"The Deep Time Life Kit","authors":"Lisa Ottum","doi":"10.4324/9781003095347-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003095347-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78173781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The World Is Burning","authors":"N. Juárez","doi":"10.4324/9781003095347-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003095347-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"168 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72884660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-06DOI: 10.4324/9781003095347-16
Antonette Talaue-arogo
{"title":"What Global South Critics Do","authors":"Antonette Talaue-arogo","doi":"10.4324/9781003095347-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003095347-16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77235206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-06DOI: 10.4324/9781003095347-17
Kristin M. Girten
{"title":"Queering the Modest Witness in the Chthulucene","authors":"Kristin M. Girten","doi":"10.4324/9781003095347-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003095347-17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91110203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Two Households","authors":"Scott R. Mackenzie","doi":"10.4324/9781003095347-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003095347-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87735820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1177/20530196211039275
T. Speck, S. Poppinga, O. Speck, F. Tauber
A current trend observed in the Anthropocene is the search for bioinspired solutions. Since it became possible to change the quality of the boundary between living and technical systems, more and more life-like technical products have been developed in recent years. Using five plant-inspired developments of motile technical systems for architecture and soft-robotics, we show how the boundary between living and technical systems undulates, shifts, perforates, blurs, or dissolves with increasing life-likeness. We discuss what causes theses changes in the boundary and how this contributes to the overall aim to achieve higher resilience, robustness, and improved esthetics of plant-inspired products. Inspiration from living systems that make efficient and economic use of materials and energy and are fully recyclable after “service time” may additionally contribute to sustainable material use, one of the major challenges in the Anthropocene.
{"title":"Bio-inspired life-like motile materials systems: Changing the boundaries between living and technical systems in the Anthropocene","authors":"T. Speck, S. Poppinga, O. Speck, F. Tauber","doi":"10.1177/20530196211039275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196211039275","url":null,"abstract":"A current trend observed in the Anthropocene is the search for bioinspired solutions. Since it became possible to change the quality of the boundary between living and technical systems, more and more life-like technical products have been developed in recent years. Using five plant-inspired developments of motile technical systems for architecture and soft-robotics, we show how the boundary between living and technical systems undulates, shifts, perforates, blurs, or dissolves with increasing life-likeness. We discuss what causes theses changes in the boundary and how this contributes to the overall aim to achieve higher resilience, robustness, and improved esthetics of plant-inspired products. Inspiration from living systems that make efficient and economic use of materials and energy and are fully recyclable after “service time” may additionally contribute to sustainable material use, one of the major challenges in the Anthropocene.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"9 1","pages":"237 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49120563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-20DOI: 10.1177/20530196211044630
M. Adeleye, S. Connor, S. Haberle, A. Herbert, Josephine R. Brown
The rapid increase in severe wildfires in many parts of the world, especially in temperate systems, requires urgent attention to reduce fires’ catastrophic impacts on human lives, livelihoods, health and economy. Of particular concern is southeast Australia, which harbours one of the most flammable vegetation types on Earth. While previous studies suggest climate and European activities drove changes in southeast Australian fire regimes in the last 200 years, no study has quantitatively tested the relative roles of these drivers. Here, we use a Generalized Linear Modelling to identify the major driver(s) of fire regime change in the southeast Australian mainland during and prior to European colonization. We use multiple charcoal and pollen records across the region and quantitatively compare fire history to records of climate and vegetation change. Results show low levels of biomass burned before colonization, when landscapes where under Indigenous management, even under variable climates. Biomass burned increased markedly due to vegetation/land-use change after colonization and a major decline in regional precipitation about 100 years later. We conclude that Indigenous-maintained open vegetation minimized the amount of biomass burned prior to colonization, while European-suppression of Indigenous land management has amplified biomass accumulation and fuel connectivity in southeast Australian forests since colonization. While climate change remains a major challenge for fire mitigation, implementation of a management approach similar to the pre-colonial period is suggested to ameliorate the risk of future catastrophic fires in the region.
{"title":"European colonization and the emergence of novel fire regimes in southeast Australia","authors":"M. Adeleye, S. Connor, S. Haberle, A. Herbert, Josephine R. Brown","doi":"10.1177/20530196211044630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196211044630","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid increase in severe wildfires in many parts of the world, especially in temperate systems, requires urgent attention to reduce fires’ catastrophic impacts on human lives, livelihoods, health and economy. Of particular concern is southeast Australia, which harbours one of the most flammable vegetation types on Earth. While previous studies suggest climate and European activities drove changes in southeast Australian fire regimes in the last 200 years, no study has quantitatively tested the relative roles of these drivers. Here, we use a Generalized Linear Modelling to identify the major driver(s) of fire regime change in the southeast Australian mainland during and prior to European colonization. We use multiple charcoal and pollen records across the region and quantitatively compare fire history to records of climate and vegetation change. Results show low levels of biomass burned before colonization, when landscapes where under Indigenous management, even under variable climates. Biomass burned increased markedly due to vegetation/land-use change after colonization and a major decline in regional precipitation about 100 years later. We conclude that Indigenous-maintained open vegetation minimized the amount of biomass burned prior to colonization, while European-suppression of Indigenous land management has amplified biomass accumulation and fuel connectivity in southeast Australian forests since colonization. While climate change remains a major challenge for fire mitigation, implementation of a management approach similar to the pre-colonial period is suggested to ameliorate the risk of future catastrophic fires in the region.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"9 1","pages":"537 - 549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43087194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-18DOI: 10.1177/20530196211046036
Cale A. C. Gushulak, M. Marshall, B. Cumming, Brendan M. Llew-Williams, R. Timothy Patterson, F. M. McCarthy
Diatom and chrysophyte assemblages from varved sediments of meromictic Crawford Lake, Ontario record major environmental changes resulting from spatially broadening anthropogenic environmental stressors related to the “Great Acceleration” in the mid-20th century. Biannual assessment of diatom and chrysophyte assemblages over the last ~200 years allowed for rate of change analysis between adjacent samples that increased substantially during the mid-20th century, concurrent with significant generalized additive model trends. Changes in diatom and chrysophyte assemblages were likely driven by multiple anthropogenic stressors including local forestry harvesting, agriculture, and milling activities, acidic deposition from regional industrial processes, and anthropogenic climate warming. Novel siliceous algal assemblages now exist in Crawford Lake, likely related to the complexities of the above mentioned local and regional stressors. The major assemblage changes at the proposed base of the Anthropocene Epoch detected in this study support the laminated sequence from Crawford Lake as a strong potential candidate for the Anthropocene GSSP.
{"title":"Siliceous algae response to the “Great Acceleration” of the mid-20th century in Crawford Lake (Ontario, Canada): A potential candidate for the Anthropocene GSSP","authors":"Cale A. C. Gushulak, M. Marshall, B. Cumming, Brendan M. Llew-Williams, R. Timothy Patterson, F. M. McCarthy","doi":"10.1177/20530196211046036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196211046036","url":null,"abstract":"Diatom and chrysophyte assemblages from varved sediments of meromictic Crawford Lake, Ontario record major environmental changes resulting from spatially broadening anthropogenic environmental stressors related to the “Great Acceleration” in the mid-20th century. Biannual assessment of diatom and chrysophyte assemblages over the last ~200 years allowed for rate of change analysis between adjacent samples that increased substantially during the mid-20th century, concurrent with significant generalized additive model trends. Changes in diatom and chrysophyte assemblages were likely driven by multiple anthropogenic stressors including local forestry harvesting, agriculture, and milling activities, acidic deposition from regional industrial processes, and anthropogenic climate warming. Novel siliceous algal assemblages now exist in Crawford Lake, likely related to the complexities of the above mentioned local and regional stressors. The major assemblage changes at the proposed base of the Anthropocene Epoch detected in this study support the laminated sequence from Crawford Lake as a strong potential candidate for the Anthropocene GSSP.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"9 1","pages":"571 - 590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48159837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-25DOI: 10.1177/20530196211038658
Fredrik A. A. Eriksson, Anne Owen, Y. Malhi
The biophysical magnitude of global human economic activity is arguably the defining feature and challenge of the Anthropocene, leading to multiple environmental consequences. Quantifying this magnitude at sufficient resolution remains a challenge. We define and present the first detailed district-level analysis of Net National Metabolism (NNM) – a social metabolism energy metric – for an industrialised country (the United Kingdom), using data on household energy alongside household expenditure survey data and energy intensity figures for product categories. The total UK NNM is estimated as 7.56 EJ year−1 (3650 W per capita), 44% of which stems from energy embodied in products and services consumed by households. This is comparable with the metabolism of the UK biosphere (approximately 6.95 EJ year−1). Of the final energy embodied in consumption of goods and services, 46% is dependent on domestic policy decisions and 54% is dependent on policy decisions with/in key trading partners. We demonstrate the applicability of this metric by exploring the relationship between NNM and social deprivation in the UK.
全球人类经济活动的生物物理规模可以说是人类世的决定性特征和挑战，导致了多种环境后果。以足够的分辨率量化这个幅度仍然是一个挑战。我们使用家庭能源数据以及家庭支出调查数据和产品类别的能源强度数据，定义并呈现了工业化国家（英国）的净国民代谢（NNM）（一种社会代谢能量指标）的首次详细地区级分析。英国NNM总额估计为7.56 EJ −1年（3650 人均W），其中44%来自家庭消费的产品和服务中所包含的能源。这与英国生物圈的新陈代谢相当（约6.95 EJ −1年）。在商品和服务消费中体现的最终能源中，46%取决于国内政策决定，54%取决于与主要贸易伙伴的政策决定。我们通过探索NNM与英国社会剥夺之间的关系来证明这一指标的适用性。
{"title":"Net national metabolism as a fine-scale metric of energetic biophysical size in an industrialised country","authors":"Fredrik A. A. Eriksson, Anne Owen, Y. Malhi","doi":"10.1177/20530196211038658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196211038658","url":null,"abstract":"The biophysical magnitude of global human economic activity is arguably the defining feature and challenge of the Anthropocene, leading to multiple environmental consequences. Quantifying this magnitude at sufficient resolution remains a challenge. We define and present the first detailed district-level analysis of Net National Metabolism (NNM) – a social metabolism energy metric – for an industrialised country (the United Kingdom), using data on household energy alongside household expenditure survey data and energy intensity figures for product categories. The total UK NNM is estimated as 7.56 EJ year−1 (3650 W per capita), 44% of which stems from energy embodied in products and services consumed by households. This is comparable with the metabolism of the UK biosphere (approximately 6.95 EJ year−1). Of the final energy embodied in consumption of goods and services, 46% is dependent on domestic policy decisions and 54% is dependent on policy decisions with/in key trading partners. We demonstrate the applicability of this metric by exploring the relationship between NNM and social deprivation in the UK.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"9 1","pages":"550 - 570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46571215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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