Pub Date : 2022-04-12DOI: 10.1177/20530196221088879
J. Wirth
This is a series of three interwoven philosophical reflections on the identity of the anthropos in the Anthropocene. Who is this anthropos? I argue that it does not indict humanity as such but rather a certain way of being human. Moreover, this mode of being human does not extend to all human beings, but rather only to a fortunate few who disproportionately benefit from fossil capital. I respond to this crisis by considering philosophical and, for want of a better word, spiritual, resources in indigenous traditions as well as Zen.
{"title":"Who is the Anthropos in the Anthropocene?","authors":"J. Wirth","doi":"10.1177/20530196221088879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196221088879","url":null,"abstract":"This is a series of three interwoven philosophical reflections on the identity of the anthropos in the Anthropocene. Who is this anthropos? I argue that it does not indict humanity as such but rather a certain way of being human. Moreover, this mode of being human does not extend to all human beings, but rather only to a fortunate few who disproportionately benefit from fossil capital. I respond to this crisis by considering philosophical and, for want of a better word, spiritual, resources in indigenous traditions as well as Zen.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"9 1","pages":"175 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48266712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/2053019620979326
Anne Aronsson, Fynn Holm
In this essay, we reevaluate the 2019 outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from the perspective of multispecies entanglements. It is argued that anthropogenic alterations in the biosphere will most likely accelerate the rate of multispecies pandemics in the Anthropocene. Using a textual analysis approach of anthropological and historical sources on the example of coronaviruses and live animal markets in China, we trace how the virosphere of wild animals from tropical regions comes into contact with the virosphere of humans and farmed animals in highly industrialized landscapes. We suggest that adopting a multispecies perspective on viruses can allow them to be understood as living processes that interact with other species in a realm called the virosphere. The rate at which novel infectious diseases are transmitted by bacteria and viruses has increased in recent decades. We argue that this is caused by side effects of the Anthropocene, such as deforestation, the surge in population growth and density, and anthropogenic climate change, which give rise to an increased number of unusual encounters between humans, nonhuman companion species, and wild animals. In this way, the virospheres of host organisms, which were formerly partly isolated, are allowed to converge and freely exchange infectious diseases, leading to a more homogenized virosphere. As anthropogenic alterations are set to continue in the future, we suggest that multispecies pandemics will likely increase in the following decades.
{"title":"Multispecies entanglements in the virosphere: Rethinking the Anthropocene in light of the 2019 coronavirus outbreak.","authors":"Anne Aronsson, Fynn Holm","doi":"10.1177/2053019620979326","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2053019620979326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this essay, we reevaluate the 2019 outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from the perspective of multispecies entanglements. It is argued that anthropogenic alterations in the biosphere will most likely accelerate the rate of multispecies pandemics in the Anthropocene. Using a textual analysis approach of anthropological and historical sources on the example of coronaviruses and live animal markets in China, we trace how the virosphere of wild animals from tropical regions comes into contact with the virosphere of humans and farmed animals in highly industrialized landscapes. We suggest that adopting a multispecies perspective on viruses can allow them to be understood as living processes that interact with other species in a realm called the virosphere. The rate at which novel infectious diseases are transmitted by bacteria and viruses has increased in recent decades. We argue that this is caused by side effects of the Anthropocene, such as deforestation, the surge in population growth and density, and anthropogenic climate change, which give rise to an increased number of unusual encounters between humans, nonhuman companion species, and wild animals. In this way, the virospheres of host organisms, which were formerly partly isolated, are allowed to converge and freely exchange infectious diseases, leading to a more homogenized virosphere. As anthropogenic alterations are set to continue in the future, we suggest that multispecies pandemics will likely increase in the following decades.</p>","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"9 1","pages":"24-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7724254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42356131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-12DOI: 10.1177/20530196221076577
J. Inoue, Natsuko Takenaka, T. Okudaira, Michinobu Kuwae
Spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs) are carbonaceous fly ash particles produced solely from industrial fossil fuel combustion. SCPs in sediments can be an indicator of past industrialization. We examined the sedimentary SCP record in Beppu Bay, southern Japan, and compared this record to historical trends of industrial activity and monitoring data for atmospheric pollutions in the region. Beppu Bay has varved sediments in the absence of bioturbation, providing an ideal situation for SCP study. Our results show that the temporal variation of SCP deposition is consistent with the trends of industrial activity and the temporal variation of status of atmospheric pollution. We conclude that undisturbed sediments such as Beppu Bay sediments have SCP records that adequately represent historical trends of industrial activity and atmospheric pollution in detail. These findings support that SCPs are a potential marker for the Anthropocene, characterized by industrialization.
{"title":"The record of sedimentary spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs) in Beppu Bay, southern Japan, compared to historical trends of industrial activity and atmospheric pollution: Further evidence for SCPs as a marker for Anthropocene industrialization","authors":"J. Inoue, Natsuko Takenaka, T. Okudaira, Michinobu Kuwae","doi":"10.1177/20530196221076577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196221076577","url":null,"abstract":"Spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs) are carbonaceous fly ash particles produced solely from industrial fossil fuel combustion. SCPs in sediments can be an indicator of past industrialization. We examined the sedimentary SCP record in Beppu Bay, southern Japan, and compared this record to historical trends of industrial activity and monitoring data for atmospheric pollutions in the region. Beppu Bay has varved sediments in the absence of bioturbation, providing an ideal situation for SCP study. Our results show that the temporal variation of SCP deposition is consistent with the trends of industrial activity and the temporal variation of status of atmospheric pollution. We conclude that undisturbed sediments such as Beppu Bay sediments have SCP records that adequately represent historical trends of industrial activity and atmospheric pollution in detail. These findings support that SCPs are a potential marker for the Anthropocene, characterized by industrialization.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"10 1","pages":"541 - 555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47235638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1177/20530196221078924
Sabrina Livanec, Michael Stumpf, Lisa Reuter, Julius Fenn, A. Kiesel
In the Anthropocene, mankind is facing enormous challenges. Science and technology obviously have an essential role to play in addressing these challenges but have to be supplemented by the collaboration of different actors from the scientific and non-scientific community. Possibly beneficial technologies can only unfold their full potential if they are socially accepted. Participation and transdisciplinarity are key concepts in this regard. The need for methods fostering collaborative knowledge production and reverse communication from the public to the scientific community is accordingly high. In this article, we propose to apply Cognitive-Affective Mapping (CAM) to predict psychological acceptance of novel research fields and potentially resulting technologies. As an example, we use life-like materials systems. CAM enables acceptance prediction at an early stage—already for basic research when prototypes are not yet available. The method bridges the gap between qualitative and quantitative research traditions. Its product—Cognitive-Affective Maps (CAMs)—is a vivid visual tool. In perspective, CAM-based technology acceptance assessment can be conceived as a participatory, transdisciplinary practice.
{"title":"Who’s gonna use this? Acceptance prediction of emerging technologies with Cognitive-Affective Mapping and transdisciplinary considerations in the Anthropocene","authors":"Sabrina Livanec, Michael Stumpf, Lisa Reuter, Julius Fenn, A. Kiesel","doi":"10.1177/20530196221078924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196221078924","url":null,"abstract":"In the Anthropocene, mankind is facing enormous challenges. Science and technology obviously have an essential role to play in addressing these challenges but have to be supplemented by the collaboration of different actors from the scientific and non-scientific community. Possibly beneficial technologies can only unfold their full potential if they are socially accepted. Participation and transdisciplinarity are key concepts in this regard. The need for methods fostering collaborative knowledge production and reverse communication from the public to the scientific community is accordingly high. In this article, we propose to apply Cognitive-Affective Mapping (CAM) to predict psychological acceptance of novel research fields and potentially resulting technologies. As an example, we use life-like materials systems. CAM enables acceptance prediction at an early stage—already for basic research when prototypes are not yet available. The method bridges the gap between qualitative and quantitative research traditions. Its product—Cognitive-Affective Maps (CAMs)—is a vivid visual tool. In perspective, CAM-based technology acceptance assessment can be conceived as a participatory, transdisciplinary practice.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"9 1","pages":"276 - 295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45969937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.1177/20530196211059199
Bob Frame, Nicholas A. Cradock-Henry
The ability to anticipate, plan for and adapt to the changes of the early Anthropocene is limited by human behaviour, political inertia, and short-termism. This ‘tragedy of the horizon’ is explored through three specific lenses on early Anthropocene futures. We begin with the dominant scientific evidence: mathematical and probabilistic modelling synthesised into increasingly rigorous and sophisticated scenarios for assessing policy options and broadening societal understanding. We then draw on the set of values, institutions, laws, and symbols through which people imagine their social whole in what Sheila Jasanoff describes as sociotechnical imaginaries. We also draw on institutional epistemologies as reflected in two global assessment initiatives: the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which has been described as a ‘view from nowhere’, and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, a ‘view from everywhere’, though analysis has concluded that both organisations merely offer ‘views from somewhere’. We then present examples of other early Anthropocene imaginaries from writers, activists, and philosophers. The arc through these suggests both common themes and broad variation in underlying assumptions and world views. We argue that, especially in a post-truth world, a much richer form of (re)visioning the future is required in a project that must span far beyond the biophysical and include the full breadth of the social sciences and humanities. Without the inclusion of multiple underlying, competing, and creative long-term perspectives, society in general, and research in particular, may not adequately illuminate the complex possible future trajectories.
{"title":"Views from nowhere, somewhere and everywhere else: The tragedy of the horizon in the early Anthropocene","authors":"Bob Frame, Nicholas A. Cradock-Henry","doi":"10.1177/20530196211059199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196211059199","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to anticipate, plan for and adapt to the changes of the early Anthropocene is limited by human behaviour, political inertia, and short-termism. This ‘tragedy of the horizon’ is explored through three specific lenses on early Anthropocene futures. We begin with the dominant scientific evidence: mathematical and probabilistic modelling synthesised into increasingly rigorous and sophisticated scenarios for assessing policy options and broadening societal understanding. We then draw on the set of values, institutions, laws, and symbols through which people imagine their social whole in what Sheila Jasanoff describes as sociotechnical imaginaries. We also draw on institutional epistemologies as reflected in two global assessment initiatives: the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which has been described as a ‘view from nowhere’, and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, a ‘view from everywhere’, though analysis has concluded that both organisations merely offer ‘views from somewhere’. We then present examples of other early Anthropocene imaginaries from writers, activists, and philosophers. The arc through these suggests both common themes and broad variation in underlying assumptions and world views. We argue that, especially in a post-truth world, a much richer form of (re)visioning the future is required in a project that must span far beyond the biophysical and include the full breadth of the social sciences and humanities. Without the inclusion of multiple underlying, competing, and creative long-term perspectives, society in general, and research in particular, may not adequately illuminate the complex possible future trajectories.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"10 1","pages":"524 - 540"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46698662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.1177/20530196211056814
Joana Gaspar de Freitas
What connects the sci-fi book Dune with coastal dunes and geoengineering? The answer lies in humans and their world-making activities. This paper proposes an innovative approach to coastal dunes as hybrid environments by analyzing the dunes stabilization programs developed on the US Pacific Coast. It looks into the shifting sands of the Oregon coast and how they influenced Frank Herbert to write his novel, why local communities and federal authorities were interested in fixing the moving dunes and how these works ended up having unexpected consequences. It explores how human features acting as forcing mechanisms on beach-dune systems caused changes that turned into controlling influences in their own right, creating new environments and concerns. The paper ends with a reflection on how fiction and the history of dunes can be used to critically think about the anthropocentric hubris of building futures by geoengineering the planet for environmental repair.
{"title":"Dune(s): Fiction, history, and science on the Oregon coast","authors":"Joana Gaspar de Freitas","doi":"10.1177/20530196211056814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196211056814","url":null,"abstract":"What connects the sci-fi book Dune with coastal dunes and geoengineering? The answer lies in humans and their world-making activities. This paper proposes an innovative approach to coastal dunes as hybrid environments by analyzing the dunes stabilization programs developed on the US Pacific Coast. It looks into the shifting sands of the Oregon coast and how they influenced Frank Herbert to write his novel, why local communities and federal authorities were interested in fixing the moving dunes and how these works ended up having unexpected consequences. It explores how human features acting as forcing mechanisms on beach-dune systems caused changes that turned into controlling influences in their own right, creating new environments and concerns. The paper ends with a reflection on how fiction and the history of dunes can be used to critically think about the anthropocentric hubris of building futures by geoengineering the planet for environmental repair.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"9 1","pages":"443 - 461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42579336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-11DOI: 10.1177/20530196211057026
B. Singleton, M. Gillette, Anders Burman, C. Green
Culture and tradition have long been the domains of social science, particularly social/cultural anthropology and various forms of heritage studies. However, many environmental scientists whose research addresses environmental management, conservation, and restoration are also interested in traditional ecological knowledge, indigenous and local knowledge, and local environmental knowledge (hereafter TEK), not least because policymakers and international institutions promote the incorporation of TEK in environmental work. In this article, we examine TEK usage in peer-reviewed articles by environmental scientists published in 2020. This snapshot of environmental science scholarship includes both critical discussions of how to incorporate TEK in research and management and efforts to do so for various scholarly and applied purposes. Drawing on anthropological discussions of culture, we identify two related patterns within this literature: a tendency toward essentialism and a tendency to minimize power relationships. We argue that scientists whose work reflects these trends might productively engage with knowledge from the scientific fields that study culture and tradition. We suggest productive complicity as a reflexive mode of partnering, and a set of questions that facilitate natural scientists adopting this approach: What and/or who is this TEK for? Who and what will benefit from this TEK deployment? How is compensation/credit shared? Does this work give back and/or forward to all those involved?
{"title":"Toward productive complicity: Applying ‘traditional ecological knowledge’ in environmental science","authors":"B. Singleton, M. Gillette, Anders Burman, C. Green","doi":"10.1177/20530196211057026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196211057026","url":null,"abstract":"Culture and tradition have long been the domains of social science, particularly social/cultural anthropology and various forms of heritage studies. However, many environmental scientists whose research addresses environmental management, conservation, and restoration are also interested in traditional ecological knowledge, indigenous and local knowledge, and local environmental knowledge (hereafter TEK), not least because policymakers and international institutions promote the incorporation of TEK in environmental work. In this article, we examine TEK usage in peer-reviewed articles by environmental scientists published in 2020. This snapshot of environmental science scholarship includes both critical discussions of how to incorporate TEK in research and management and efforts to do so for various scholarly and applied purposes. Drawing on anthropological discussions of culture, we identify two related patterns within this literature: a tendency toward essentialism and a tendency to minimize power relationships. We argue that scientists whose work reflects these trends might productively engage with knowledge from the scientific fields that study culture and tradition. We suggest productive complicity as a reflexive mode of partnering, and a set of questions that facilitate natural scientists adopting this approach: What and/or who is this TEK for? Who and what will benefit from this TEK deployment? How is compensation/credit shared? Does this work give back and/or forward to all those involved?","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"10 1","pages":"393 - 414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46629598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1177/20530196211053437
Christoph Rosol
The daunting crisis of the Anthropocene cannot be adequately addressed without re-envisioning our conceptual approach to knowledge formation. This background essay to the double special issue on the Mississippi River provides an account on the Anthropocene Curriculum (AC) initiative, the general framework in which the Mississippi. An Anthropocene River project was devised and implemented. The AC is an ambitious, long-term attempt to model and test experimental forms of post-disciplinary collaboration in order to come up with sensible and experiential strategies of co-learning and co-producing critical knowledge in a rapidly changing planetary situation. The AC essentially explores the novel epistemic, aesthetic, and educational challenges presented by the transition into the new geo-human epoch, foregrounding collective, constructive and transformative practices of research, and education across the sciences, arts, and humanities that help to interlink and integrate the existing pluralities of earth-bound knowledge forms. Developed by the Haus der Kulturen der Welt and the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science since 2013, the undertaking has grown today into a global network of partner projects, one of which was the two-year project on the Mississippi River Basin. The AC experiment is thus directly tied to the research and teaching contexts of other geographic, cultural, and institutional settings that together map the larger terrain of altered human-Earth relations.
{"title":"Finding common ground: The global Anthropocene Curriculum experiment","authors":"Christoph Rosol","doi":"10.1177/20530196211053437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196211053437","url":null,"abstract":"The daunting crisis of the Anthropocene cannot be adequately addressed without re-envisioning our conceptual approach to knowledge formation. This background essay to the double special issue on the Mississippi River provides an account on the Anthropocene Curriculum (AC) initiative, the general framework in which the Mississippi. An Anthropocene River project was devised and implemented. The AC is an ambitious, long-term attempt to model and test experimental forms of post-disciplinary collaboration in order to come up with sensible and experiential strategies of co-learning and co-producing critical knowledge in a rapidly changing planetary situation. The AC essentially explores the novel epistemic, aesthetic, and educational challenges presented by the transition into the new geo-human epoch, foregrounding collective, constructive and transformative practices of research, and education across the sciences, arts, and humanities that help to interlink and integrate the existing pluralities of earth-bound knowledge forms. Developed by the Haus der Kulturen der Welt and the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science since 2013, the undertaking has grown today into a global network of partner projects, one of which was the two-year project on the Mississippi River Basin. The AC experiment is thus directly tied to the research and teaching contexts of other geographic, cultural, and institutional settings that together map the larger terrain of altered human-Earth relations.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"8 1","pages":"221 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41754841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-18DOI: 10.1177/20530196211051209
J. Rodrigo‐Comino, Stephan Seeling, M. Seeger, J. Ries
Light pollution is the consequence of elevated lighting emitted by human-made artefacts to the lower atmosphere. Recently, there have been major advances in the assessment and mitigation of light pollution impacts on humans and the natural ecosystems. Severe negative impacts of light pollution have been highlighted while very few mitigation measures have been implemented. People (scientists, policymakers or stakeholders) interested in light pollution may not have a holistic perspective of the problem, and also there is a need for incorporating social and natural dimensions. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to review the literature on light pollution using ISI Web of Science by paying attention to the (i) type of publication, year and journal; (ii) impacts on specific elements; (iii) location and (iv) methods used. Our results indicated that the elevated number of papers come from a diverse range of disciplines, methods, places and scales. It is clear that light pollution is getting enough attention from the scientific community but decisions on the implementation of mitigation measures are left with the stakeholders, ordinary inhabitants, policymakers and politicians. Nevertheless, light pollution is having impacts on the health of humans and the natural ecosystem as perceived by experts and inhabitants having divergent perspectives. Thus, light pollution is multifaceted but difficult to be faced, mitigated and not holistically understood. This review paper groups the total impacts of light pollution on the Earth presents some contradictory results, summarises mitigation measures, and provides specific future research directions.
光污染是由人造的人工制品向低层大气发射高架照明的结果。最近，在评估和减轻光污染对人类和自然生态系统的影响方面取得了重大进展。光污染的严重负面影响已得到强调，但实施的缓解措施却很少。对光污染感兴趣的人(科学家、政策制定者或利益相关者)可能对这个问题没有一个全面的看法，而且还需要将社会和自然因素结合起来。因此，本文的主要目的是通过ISI Web of Science对光污染相关文献进行综述，重点关注(1)出版类型、年份和期刊;(ii)对特定元素的影响;(iii)地点和(iv)使用的方法。我们的研究结果表明，论文数量的增加来自不同的学科、方法、地点和规模。很明显，光污染得到了科学界的足够关注，但关于实施缓解措施的决定留给了利益相关者、普通居民、政策制定者和政治家。然而，专家和居民对光污染对人类健康和自然生态系统的影响有着不同的看法。因此，光污染是多方面的，但难以面对，减轻和不全面了解。本文综述了光污染对地球的总体影响，提出了一些相互矛盾的结果，总结了缓解措施，并提出了具体的未来研究方向。
{"title":"Light pollution: A review of the scientific literature","authors":"J. Rodrigo‐Comino, Stephan Seeling, M. Seeger, J. Ries","doi":"10.1177/20530196211051209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196211051209","url":null,"abstract":"Light pollution is the consequence of elevated lighting emitted by human-made artefacts to the lower atmosphere. Recently, there have been major advances in the assessment and mitigation of light pollution impacts on humans and the natural ecosystems. Severe negative impacts of light pollution have been highlighted while very few mitigation measures have been implemented. People (scientists, policymakers or stakeholders) interested in light pollution may not have a holistic perspective of the problem, and also there is a need for incorporating social and natural dimensions. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to review the literature on light pollution using ISI Web of Science by paying attention to the (i) type of publication, year and journal; (ii) impacts on specific elements; (iii) location and (iv) methods used. Our results indicated that the elevated number of papers come from a diverse range of disciplines, methods, places and scales. It is clear that light pollution is getting enough attention from the scientific community but decisions on the implementation of mitigation measures are left with the stakeholders, ordinary inhabitants, policymakers and politicians. Nevertheless, light pollution is having impacts on the health of humans and the natural ecosystem as perceived by experts and inhabitants having divergent perspectives. Thus, light pollution is multifaceted but difficult to be faced, mitigated and not holistically understood. This review paper groups the total impacts of light pollution on the Earth presents some contradictory results, summarises mitigation measures, and provides specific future research directions.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"10 1","pages":"367 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42744780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-03DOI: 10.1177/20530196211044620
John B. Kim
The author traveled for 2.5 months by canoe and other modes of transport down the entire length of the Mississippi River with the Mississippi. An Anthropocene River project. Reflecting on this journey, this essay revisits Catherine Brown and William Morrish’s 1991 essay, The Fourth Coast: An Expedition on the Mississippi River, in which Brown and Morrish document their research efforts to identify coherent anthropogenic structures and systems that could warrant the characterization of the Mississippi River as a Fourth Coast. To encourage a flourishing of overlapping multispecies life, the essay moves beyond their spatial reimagining by defining the “distributed nature of home” as a model for conceptualizing distributed spatialities and plural temporalities along the Mississippi River.
{"title":"The fourth coast, revisited","authors":"John B. Kim","doi":"10.1177/20530196211044620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196211044620","url":null,"abstract":"The author traveled for 2.5 months by canoe and other modes of transport down the entire length of the Mississippi River with the Mississippi. An Anthropocene River project. Reflecting on this journey, this essay revisits Catherine Brown and William Morrish’s 1991 essay, The Fourth Coast: An Expedition on the Mississippi River, in which Brown and Morrish document their research efforts to identify coherent anthropogenic structures and systems that could warrant the characterization of the Mississippi River as a Fourth Coast. To encourage a flourishing of overlapping multispecies life, the essay moves beyond their spatial reimagining by defining the “distributed nature of home” as a model for conceptualizing distributed spatialities and plural temporalities along the Mississippi River.","PeriodicalId":74943,"journal":{"name":"The anthropocene review","volume":"8 1","pages":"241 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47636763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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