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Meaning Making in Growing Up Without a Father: Narratives of Young Adolescent Boys 没有父亲的成长中的意义创造:青春期男孩的叙述
Pub Date : 2015-01-07 DOI: 10.2174/1874922401406010056
M. Langa
This article explores young adolescent boys' narratives and lived experiences of growing up without fathers. We conducted Individual interviews with thirty-two adolescent boys, and used discursive data analysis methods to analyse meanings that these participants made about growing up without fathers. We found that participants in the study embraced alternative voices of masculinity that were not destructive to the self and others, despite growing up without father figures. This contradicts the mainstream literature which holds that boys who grow up without fathers are highly likely to experience emotional disturbances and indulge in risk-taking behaviours.
这篇文章探讨了青春期男孩在没有父亲的情况下成长的故事和生活经历。我们对32名青春期男孩进行了个人访谈,并使用话语数据分析方法来分析这些参与者对没有父亲的成长的意义。我们发现,尽管在没有父亲形象的环境下长大,但研究参与者接受了对自己和他人没有破坏性的男性气概的另一种声音。这与主流文献的观点相矛盾,主流文献认为,在没有父亲的情况下长大的男孩极有可能经历情感障碍,并沉迷于冒险行为。
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引用次数: 8
Shaming Fathers into Providers: Child Support and Fatherhood in the South African Media 羞辱父亲成为供养者:南非媒体中的子女抚养和父亲身份
Pub Date : 2015-01-07 DOI: 10.2174/1874922401406010018
P. Chauke, G. Khunou
The media influence society's understanding of gender and other social phenomena including how we view fatherhood. Fatherhood is rarely presented positively in both visual and print media. Through an analysis of newspaper articles from The Sowetan, City Press, The Daily Sun and The Pretoria News, this article shows how shaming is used to represent fatherhood and child support in the South African print media. These representations, the article argues are limiting and provide fewer positives for fathers and fail to account for socio-economic challenges experienced in relation to fatherhood. In conclusion, the article illustrates that the media could play an important role in presenting a balanced sense of fatherhood, where affirmation of positive fatherhood is used as a more effective way of representing fatherhood in the media.
媒体影响着社会对性别和其他社会现象的理解,包括我们如何看待父亲。无论是视觉媒体还是印刷媒体,都很少正面地呈现父爱。本文分析了《The Sowetan》、《City Press》、《The Daily Sun》和《The Pretoria News》等报纸的文章,揭示了在南非的平面媒体中,羞辱是如何被用来代表父亲和孩子的支持的。文章认为,这些陈述是有限的,为父亲提供的积极因素较少,未能解释与父亲有关的社会经济挑战。总之,这篇文章说明了媒体可以在呈现平衡的父亲意识方面发挥重要作用,在媒体中,肯定积极的父亲意识是一种更有效的代表父亲意识的方式。
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引用次数: 10
BOOK REVIEW La Grange, Zelda "Good Morning Mr Mandela" South Africa: Penguin Books, 2014, pp. v-367 《早安,曼德拉先生》,南非:企鹅出版社,2014年,第v-367页
Pub Date : 2015-01-07 DOI: 10.2174/1874922401406010069
A. Mthombeni
There are a number of books written about Nelson Mandela. ‘Good Morning Mr Mandela’ is a memoir that describes and takes the reader through the life journey and experiences of Zelda la Grange, a once secretary, personal/private assistant for the late, iconic legend, Nelson Mandela. On the one hand, the author explores her experiences from apartheid and post-apartheid South Africa and how Nelson Mandela played a major role in the shift of her world perception. On the other, she displays the kind of man that Madiba was through her lens; who he was, not only to her as his employer, but also to the rest of the world. Not only was this man a grandfather to his grandchildren, a father to his biological children but he was also a ‘father’ to those that were privileged to work with him but mainly a ‘father’ to the nation. The notion of social fathering is prominent with people of African descent. This is true for Africans in Africa, in the Latin and South Americas and in the diaspora [1, 2].
有很多关于纳尔逊·曼德拉的书。《早安,曼德拉先生》是一本回忆录,讲述了已故传奇人物纳尔逊·曼德拉的秘书、私人助理塞尔达·拉·格兰奇的人生旅程和经历。一方面,作者探讨了她在种族隔离和种族隔离后的南非的经历,以及纳尔逊·曼德拉如何在她世界观的转变中发挥了重要作用。另一方面,她通过镜头展示了马迪巴是什么样的人;他是谁,不仅对他的雇主她是谁,对世界其他地方也是谁。他不仅是孙辈的祖父,亲生子女的父亲,也是有幸与他共事的人的“父亲”,更重要的是,他是国家的“父亲”。社会父亲的概念在非洲人后裔中很突出。在非洲、拉丁美洲和南美洲以及散居海外的非洲人都是如此[1,2]。
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of Parenting Styles of Japanese Fathers and Mothers with Children Aged 0 to 10: Perceived Parenting During Childhood or Dysphoric Mood? 日本父母养育0 - 10岁子女方式的决定因素:童年时期的感知养育或焦虑情绪?
Pub Date : 2014-09-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874922401406010008
T. Kitamura, M. Uji, Zi Chen, Mikihiko Murakami, Yoshitaka Goto
Purpose: To study the determinants of current parenting styles in Japan. Methods: Fathers (n = 312) and mothers (n = 333) of children aged between 0 and 10 attending a paediatric clinic were evaluated with regards to the following: parental attitudes rated by spouses using the Parental Bonding Instrument, current dysphoric mood assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, life time history of Major Depressive Episode (MDE), and perceived parenting styles when the parents themselves were children. Results: Path models showed that current parenting styles were predicted by parents perception of maternal rearing during childhood. Moreover, in mothers only, they were predicted by the manner in which the women were raised by their fathers. This prediction was indirect, occurring via lifetime history of MDE and current dysphoric mood. Conclusion: This study suggests that the way in which parents themselves were raised was no less important than how they currently felt in determining how they were raising their child. Current dysphoric mood or lifetime history of MDE mediated such effects only among mothers.
目的:研究日本当前父母教养方式的影响因素。方法:对在儿科就诊的0 - 10岁儿童的父亲(n = 312)和母亲(n = 333)进行以下方面的评估:配偶用父母结合量表评定的父母态度,用医院焦虑抑郁量表评定的当前焦虑情绪,重度抑郁发作(MDE)的生活史,以及父母自己小时候的父母教养方式。结果:路径模型显示,父母在童年时期对母亲养育方式的感知可以预测当前的养育方式。此外,仅在母亲中,她们的年龄是由她们父亲抚养她们的方式来预测的。这种预测是间接的,通过MDE的终生史和当前的烦躁情绪来实现。结论:这项研究表明,在决定如何抚养孩子方面,父母自己的成长方式与他们目前的感受同等重要。当前的焦虑情绪或MDE的终生历史仅在母亲中介导这种影响。
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引用次数: 6
Swedish Parent's Experiences of Joint Physical Custody 瑞典父母共同监护权的经验
Pub Date : 2014-09-11 DOI: 10.2174/1874922401406010001
Åsa Carlsund, K. Asplund, E. Sellström, Ulrika Eriksson
Abstract: Aim: This study’s aim was to learn more about parent experiences, when living in joint physical custody with their children. Methods: The study design was descriptive, using a qualitative ...
摘要:目的:本研究旨在了解父母在与子女共同生活时的体验。方法:研究设计为描述性,采用定性方法。
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引用次数: 0
Family Influences on Adolescent Sexual Activity and Alcohol Use 家庭对青少年性行为和酒精使用的影响
Pub Date : 2013-10-18 DOI: 10.2174/1874922401305010010
T. Kao, Winifred Ann Carter
Sexual activity and alcohol use continue to have negative effects on the well-being of today's adolescents. This study used multiple regression analysis to examine relationships among personal factors, family factors, and adolescent sexual activity and alcohol use over three time points. Significant protective factors, which were inversely related to risky behavior, included general adolescent-mother communication, father and family connectedness, and disapproving parental attitudes towards sex. Permissive parenting was associated with self-efficacy for safe sex, early sexual initiation, and increased alcohol use. Health care providers should work to promote positive parent-child relationships and familial protective effects.
性活动和酗酒继续对当今青少年的健康产生负面影响。本研究采用多元回归分析,考察了三个时间点上个人因素、家庭因素与青少年性活动和酒精使用之间的关系。与危险行为负相关的重要保护因素包括青少年与母亲的一般交流,父亲和家庭的联系,以及父母对性的不赞成态度。纵容型父母与安全性行为的自我效能感、早期性行为开始和饮酒增加有关。卫生保健提供者应努力促进积极的亲子关系和家庭保护作用。
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引用次数: 18
Household Size and Structure in Iran: 1976-2006 伊朗家庭规模与结构:1976-2006
Pub Date : 2013-08-23 DOI: 10.2174/1874922401305010001
A. Aghajanian, V. Thompson
In addition to significant political changes, Iran has experienced a multitude of demographic and economic changes during the last four decades (1976-2006). First, there have been somewhat dramatic changes in marriage and reproduction during this period, with a sharp lowering of fertility to replacement level, an expansion of a strong rural public health program that has increased child survival, increase in age of marriage for both males and females, and an increase in the divorce rate. These changes took place in the context of structural changes in the society, with an increase in urbanization from below 40 percent in 1976 to 68 percent in 2006 and a marked transference in the economy from an agricultural base to manufacturing and service. This paper reports on the analysis of this household transition in Iran during the 1976-2006 period in the context of other changes experienced in this period. We find that despite significant fertility transition along with other demographic and social structural changes, which are expected to lead to conjugal family patterns, as of 2006, a large proportion of households in Iran continue to have five or more members and there has been very modest decline in the share of extended households. It is not clear if this situation is due to the selectivity in continuity of large and extended co- residential households or the result of housing pressure particularly in urban areas.
除了重大的政治变化,伊朗在过去的四十年(1976-2006)中经历了大量的人口和经济变化。首先,在这一时期,婚姻和生育方面发生了一些戏剧性的变化,生育率急剧下降到更替水平,一项强有力的农村公共卫生计划的扩大提高了儿童存活率,男女结婚年龄都提高了,离婚率也有所上升。这些变化是在社会结构变化的背景下发生的,城市化从1976年的不到40%增加到2006年的68%,经济从农业基础向制造业和服务业显著转移。本文在此期间经历的其他变化的背景下,报告了1976-2006年期间伊朗家庭转型的分析。我们发现,尽管生育率发生了重大转变,其他人口和社会结构也发生了变化,预计将导致夫妻家庭模式的转变,但截至2006年,伊朗仍有很大一部分家庭拥有5名或更多成员,大家庭的比例略有下降。目前尚不清楚这种情况是由于大规模和扩展的共同居住家庭的连续性选择性还是住房压力的结果,特别是在城市地区。
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引用次数: 8
The Relationship Between Maternal Incarceration and Foster Care Placement 母亲监禁与寄养安置的关系
Pub Date : 2011-12-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874922401104010117
Amy Lynn Dworsky, A. Harden, Robert M. Goerge
We use administrative data to examine the temporal relationship between maternal incarceration and foster care placement among incarcerated mothers and their children in Cook County, Illinois. We also compare the discharge outcomes of foster children whose mothers were incarcerated to the discharge outcomes of all foster children in Illinois. We found that more than three quarters of the children who entered foster care did so prior to the mother's first observed incarceration and that children whose mothers had been incarcerated were more likely to be adopted and less likely to be reunified than foster children generally. The implications of these findings for both the child welfare and criminal justice systems are discussed..
我们使用行政数据来检验伊利诺斯州库克县被监禁母亲及其子女中母亲监禁与寄养安置之间的时间关系。我们还比较了母亲被监禁的寄养儿童的出院结果与伊利诺斯州所有寄养儿童的出院结果。我们发现,超过四分之三的儿童是在母亲第一次被监禁之前进入寄养中心的,而母亲被监禁的儿童更有可能被收养,而与寄养儿童相比,他们团聚的可能性更小。讨论了这些发现对儿童福利和刑事司法系统的影响。
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引用次数: 8
Please Remember Me: Unintended Consequences Affecting Children of the Incarcerated 《请记住我:影响被监禁儿童的意外后果
Pub Date : 2011-12-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874922401104010101
A. Cook, Robyn L. Diehl, Gabrielle Brost
This article explores the ways in which one local church community responded to the devastating effects of parental incarceration. In their efforts to "reverse the jail trail", New Canaan International Church in Richmond, Virginia established a non-profit agency, New Jubilee to promote resilience in children and families from "at risk environments." Initiatives include a partnership with the Virginia Department of Corrections to offer video visitation to inmates and families. In addition, a mentor program is available for children between the ages of 4-18 who have a parent incarcerated in a state or federal institution. The public is often misinformed about the nature and extent of crime. Media accounts tend to exacerbate this problem and fuel the public's already misinformed opinions, while politicians capitalize on the public's frequent demands that "something be done about crime." Unfortunately, this "get tough" approach, primarily begun in the 1980's, appears to have produced unintended consequences for the children of the incarcerated in an effort to satisfy the public's demand for safer communities. Upon examination of the exploding prison population, it certainly seems that something has indeed been done - offenders have been increasingly sentenced to prison. According to the Sentencing Project, a national organization which promotes reform in sentencing, there has been a 500 percent increase in the number of prison sentences over the past thirty years. Meanwhile, interestingly enough, criminologists claim that crime at its lowest point in thirty years (1). After providing a brief review of the impact that incarceration has on children, our primary focus is to highlight the needs, resilience and coping mechanisms of these children. We provide illustrative examples of two community-based programs where the Virginia Department of Corrections and a local church in Richmond, Virginia serve the community by responding to families of the incarcerated. In general, governmental policies produce unintended consequences, both positive and negative. In his paper published in 1936 titled "The Unintended Consequences of Purposive Social Action," the prominent sociologist, Robert K. Merton, analyzed unintended consequences, positing that they are unanticipated outcomes of social action. Merton (1936) popularizes the phrase "unintended consequences" and further describes a variety of sources for them, such as ignorance, error, immediate interest, basic values, and self-
这篇文章探讨了一个当地教会社区如何应对父母监禁的破坏性影响。在弗吉尼亚州里士满的新迦南国际教会(New Canaan International Church)努力“扭转监狱之路”的过程中,他们成立了一个非营利机构“新禧年”(New Jubilee),以促进儿童和家庭从“危险环境”中恢复过来。倡议包括与弗吉尼亚州惩教局合作,向囚犯及其家属提供视频探视。此外,还有一项针对父母被关押在州或联邦机构的4-18岁儿童的导师计划。公众对犯罪的性质和程度常常被误导。媒体的报道往往加剧了这一问题,并助长了公众已经被误导的观点,而政客们则利用了公众频繁要求“对犯罪采取行动”的呼声。不幸的是,这种始于20世纪80年代的“强硬”做法,似乎在满足公众对更安全社区的需求的努力中,对被监禁者的孩子产生了意想不到的后果。从监狱人口激增的情况来看,似乎确实采取了一些措施——越来越多的罪犯被判入狱。据促进量刑改革的全国性组织“量刑计划”(Sentencing Project)称,在过去30年里,被判入狱的人数增加了500%。与此同时,有趣的是,犯罪学家声称犯罪率处于三十年来的最低点(1)。在简要回顾了监禁对儿童的影响之后,我们的主要重点是强调这些儿童的需求、适应能力和应对机制。我们提供了两个以社区为基础的项目的说明性例子,在这两个项目中,弗吉尼亚州惩教署和弗吉尼亚州里士满的一个当地教堂通过回应被监禁者的家庭来为社区服务。一般来说,政府的政策会产生意想不到的结果,有积极的也有消极的。著名社会学家罗伯特·默顿(Robert K. Merton)在1936年发表的题为《有目的社会行动的意外后果》(The Unintended Consequences of purpose Social Action)的论文中分析了意外后果,认为它们是社会行动的意外结果。默顿(1936)普及了“意外后果”一词,并进一步描述了这些后果的各种来源,如无知、错误、直接利益、基本价值观和自我
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引用次数: 1
Caregivers of Children with Incarcerated Parents 父母被监禁儿童的看护人
Pub Date : 2011-12-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874922401104010105
A. Nesmith, Ebony L. Ruhland
With rising attention toward the plight of children with incarcerated parents, there has, as yet, been little focus placed on the adults who care for them, individuals who may have a profound impact on the children's relationships with their incarcerated parent. This study explores unique parenting challenges the caregivers faced, from their perspectives and presents their voices. Caregivers discussed the strain of serving as a gatekeeper between the child and imprisoned parent, coping with stigma and isolation, and negotiating a predominantly child-unfriendly visitation system. The findings suggest that caregivers need information about raising a child in this context, connections with others in similar situations, and a more child-friendly and transparent judicial and visitation process.
随着人们对父母被监禁的孩子的困境的关注越来越多,到目前为止,很少有人关注照顾他们的成年人,这些人可能会对孩子与父母的关系产生深远的影响。本研究探讨了照顾者所面临的独特的养育挑战,从他们的角度并提出了他们的声音。看护人讨论了作为孩子和被监禁的父母之间的看门人的压力,应对耻辱和孤立,以及谈判一个主要对儿童不友好的探视制度。研究结果表明,照顾者需要在这种情况下抚养孩子的信息,需要与类似情况下的其他人建立联系,需要一个对儿童更友好、更透明的司法和探视程序。
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引用次数: 32
期刊
The open family studies journal
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